{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:54:56Z","timestamp":1790787296096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Given the biological differences between females and males, sex-specific evaluations should be carried out to obtain better cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. To this purpose, our aim was to evaluate sex differences for toxicity in a cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a retrospective study in 329 CRC patients. Differences between males and females were tested performing the Mann-Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test or the Fisher exact test. Multivariate logistic regression models were computed to evaluate the association between sex and risk of chemotherapy agent-related toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>According association sex toxicity, significant differences were observed in the median number of episodes of nausea (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044), vomit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), heartburn (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022), thrombocytopenia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), mucositis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.024). Moreover, statistically significant differences between males and females were observed in the distribution of the highest toxicity grades of nausea (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.024), heartburn (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016), and thrombocytopenia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.034). Females have an increased risk of vomit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), alopecia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.035), heartburn (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), mucositis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), and lower risk for thrombocytopenia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>According to the association of sex chemotherapy agent-related toxicities, females resulted on average at a significant increased risk of more common adverse events (constipation, dysgeusia, alopecia, heartburn, vomit, asthenia, nausea, pain events, and mucositis). Sex-tailored CRC chemotherapy treatment is necessary to obtain efficacy avoiding toxicity, based on patients\u2019 biological and genetic characteristics, a vision that would change CRC setting, a stable disease but still orphan of a real tailored approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-022-03298-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T15:02:51Z","timestamp":1645542171000},"page":"1029-1038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Colorectal cancer chemotherapy: can sex-specific disparities impact on drug toxicities?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"De Francia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Berchialla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Armando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Storto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4933-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Allegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Sciannameo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Soave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Elio","family":"Sprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Racca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Caiaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libero","family":"Ciuffreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Valentina","family":"Mussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3298_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601166","volume":"198","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Klein RS (2017) Sex drives dimorphic immune responses to viral infections. 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