{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:54:32Z","timestamp":1788422072762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-025-03924-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T06:30:00Z","timestamp":1766385000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lacosamide concentration-dose (C\/D) ratios during pregnancy: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. G. J.","family":"ter Horst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3924_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30495-2","volume":"18","author":"LJ Stephen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stephen LJ, Harden C, Tomson T, Brodie MJ (2019) Management of epilepsy in women. Lancet Neurol 18:481\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30495-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3924_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029132","volume":"75","author":"N Adab","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adab N (2004) The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:1575\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029132","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3924_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1212\/con.0000000000001056","volume":"28","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Meador KJ (2022) Epilepsy and pregnancy. Continuum 28:34\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/con.0000000000001056","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"3924_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00252-5","volume":"10","author":"MJ Eadie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eadie MJ (2021) Pregnancy and the control of epileptic seizures: A review. Neurol Ther 10:455\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-021-00252-5","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"3924_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(11)70047-3","volume":"10","author":"E Perucca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perucca E, Tomson T (2011) The Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy in adults. Lancet Neurol 10:446\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(11)70047-3","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3924_CR6","unstructured":"(2025) NICE guidelines: Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng217\/informationforpublic. Accessed 1 Aug 2025"},{"key":"3924_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arfman IJ, Wammes-van der Heijden EA, ter Horst PGJ et al (2020) Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs in women with epilepsy Before, During, and after pregnancy. Clin Pharmacokinet 59:427\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-019-00845-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00845-2"},{"key":"3924_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schelhaas M, Wegner I, Edens M et al (2023) Association of Levetiracetam concentration with seizure frequency in pregnant women with epilepsy. Neurology 100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201348","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201348"},{"key":"3924_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000289511.20864.2a","volume":"70","author":"PB Pennell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pennell PB, Peng L, Newport DJ et al (2008) Lamotrigine in pregnancy: Clearance, therapeutic drug monitoring, and seizure frequency. Neurology 70:2130\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000289511.20864.2a","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3924_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.111030","volume":"133","author":"G Schoretsanitis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schoretsanitis G, Deligiannidis KM, Kasperk N et al (2024) The impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of Antiseizure medications: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 674 pregnancies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 133:111030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.111030","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3924_CR11","unstructured":"UpToDate Lacosamide (2025) In: UpToDate. https:\/\/online.lexi.com. Accessed 1 Aug"},{"key":"3924_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pariente G, Leibson T, Carls A et al (2016) Pregnancy-Associated changes in pharmacokinetics: A systematic review. PLoS Med 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002160"},{"key":"3924_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0276-0","volume":"54","author":"W Cawello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cawello W (2015) Clinical Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of lacosamide. Clin Pharmacokinet 54:901\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-015-0276-0","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"3924_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13203","volume":"125","author":"B Koristkova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koristkova B, Grundmann M, Brozmanova H, Kacirova I (2019) Lamotrigine drug interactions in combination therapy and the influence of therapeutic drug monitoring on clinical outcomes in paediatric patients. Basic Clin Pharma Tox 125:26\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.13203","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharma Tox"},{"key":"3924_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB (2017) LmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models. J Stat Soft 82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"3924_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halekoh U, H\u00f8jsgaard S, Yan J (2006) The R package geepack for generalized estimating equations. J Stat Soft 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v015.i02","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v015.i02"},{"key":"3924_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5487","volume":"79","author":"PB Pennell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pennell PB, Karanam A, Meador KJ et al (2022) Antiseizure medication concentrations during pregnancy: results from the maternal outcomes and neurodevelopmental effects of antiepileptic drugs (MONEAD) study. JAMA Neurol 79:370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5487","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3924_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108253","volume":"123","author":"D Zutshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zutshi D, Millis SR, Basha MM et al (2021) Lacosamide serum concentrations during pregnancy. Epilepsy Behav 123:108253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108253","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03924-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03924-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03924-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T13:39:28Z","timestamp":1771508368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03924-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03924-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}