{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:13:35Z","timestamp":1792725215717,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["224S503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224S503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1919B012112223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1919B012112223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1919B012111805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1919B012111805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-025-03986-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:10:29Z","timestamp":1768806629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A review of current therapeutics for psoriasis: Systemic and topical use of non-biological drugs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"G\u00fcn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8048-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"Sevgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2761-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berkay","family":"Demir\u00e7i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2733-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim Etem","family":"Ar\u0131ca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4029-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcls\u00fcm","family":"Helvac\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"B\u00fcy\u00fckta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7379-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sena F.","family":"Sezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3986_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-7125(05)70406-5","author":"SR Feldman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Feldman SR, Clark AR (1998) Psoriasis. Med Clin North Am. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0025-7125(05)70406-5","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"3986_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Griffiths CEM, Armstrong AW, Gudjonsson JE, Barker JNWN. Psoriasis. Lancet; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6"},{"key":"3986_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02504.x","author":"JN Barker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barker JN (1998) Pathogenesis of psoriasis. J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02504.x","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12174","volume":"28","author":"A Bewley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bewley A, Burrage DM, Ersser SJ, Hansen M, Ward C (2014) Identifying individual psychosocial and adherence support needs in patients with psoriasis: a multinational two-stage qualitative and quantitative study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 28(6):763\u2013770","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"3986_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.019","author":"S Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh S, Taylor C, Kornmehl H, Armstrong AW (2017) Psoriasis and suicidality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15840","author":"F Yamazaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamazaki F (2021) Psoriasis: comorbidities. J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.15840","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Reich K. Psoriasis--new insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0011. Epub 2009 Jan 5.","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0011"},{"key":"3986_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.711060","volume":"12","author":"Y Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao Y, Zhu YJ, Zou S, Zhou P, Hu YW, Zhao QX, Gu LN, Zhang HZ, Wang Z, Li J (2021) Metabolic syndrome and psoriasis: mechanisms and future directions. Front Immunol 12:711060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.711060","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3986_CR9","unstructured":"International Federation of Psoriasis Associations (n.d.) Home.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ifpa-pso.com\/.\u00a0Accessed 3 December 2025"},{"key":"3986_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarac G, Koca TT, Baglan T (2016) A brief summary of clinical types of psoriasis. North Clin Istanb. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/nci.2016.16023.","DOI":"10.14744\/nci.2016.16023"},{"key":"3986_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184347","author":"K Kamiya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamiya K, Kishimoto M, Sugai J, Komine M, Ohtsuki M (2019) Risk factors for the development of psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20184347","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3986_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000455840","author":"P Jensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jensen P, Skov L (2016) Psoriasis and obesity. Dermatology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000455840","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"3986_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14032","author":"L Rousset","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rousset L, Halioua B (2018) Stress and psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.14032","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729100317696","author":"E Mallon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mallon E, Bunker CB (2000) HIV-associated psoriasis. AIDS Patient Care STDS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/108729100317696","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"3986_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166629","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li N, Fan X, Xu M, Wang B (2023) Intranasal streptococcal infection exacerbates psoriasis-like dermatitis via the induction of skin tissue-resident memory T cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166629","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"3986_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01381-0","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S, He M, Jiang J, Duan X, Chai B, Zhang J, Tao Q, Chen H (2024) Triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis: a review and update. Cell Commun Signal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01381-0","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"3986_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21718","author":"J Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei J, Zhu J, Xu H, Zhou D, Elder JT, Tsoi LC, Patrick MT, Li Y (2022) Alcohol consumption and smoking in relation to psoriasis: a Mendelian randomization study. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.21718","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200001030-00003","author":"N Tsankov","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsankov N, Angelova I, Kazandjieva J (2000) Drug-induced psoriasis. Recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128071-200001030-00003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00585-1","volume":"22","author":"YW Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang YW, Tsai TF (2021) HLA-Cw1 and psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol 22(3):339\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-020-00585-1","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3986_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16083","volume":"178","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen L, Tsai TF (2018) HLA-Cw6 and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 178(4):854\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.16083","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7848314","volume":"2019","author":"N Onsun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Onsun N, Pirmit S, Ozkaya D, \u00c7elik \u015e, Rezvani A, Cengiz FP, Kekik C (2019) The HLA-Cw12 allele is an important susceptibility allele for psoriasis and is associated with resistant psoriasis in the Turkish population. Sci World J 2019:7848314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/7848314","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02498-x","volume":"315","author":"M Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao M, Kuang Y, Chen M, Yan K, Lv C, Liu P, Lu Y, Chen X, Zhu W, Chen W (2023) The HLA-Cw*06 allele may predict the response to methotrexate treatment in Chinese arthritis-free psoriasis patients. Arch Dermatol Res 315(5):1241\u20131247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-022-02498-x","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"3986_CR23","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016) Global report on psoriasis. World Health Organization.\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565189. Accessed\u00a03 December\u00a02025"},{"key":"3986_CR24","unstructured":"Farber EM, Nall L (1998) Epidemiology, natural history and genetics. In: Roenigk HH, Maibach HI (eds) Psoriasis, 3rd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 107\u2013158"},{"key":"3986_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JW9.0000000000000010","author":"C Guillet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guillet C, Seeli C, Nina M, Maul LV, Maul JT (2022) The impact of gender and sex in psoriasis: what to be aware of when treating women with psoriasis. Int J Womens Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JW9.0000000000000010","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14105","author":"H Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang H, Zheng J (2020) Influence of stress on the development of psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ced.14105","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01459","author":"Y Dombrowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dombrowski Y, Schauber J (2012) Cathelicidin LL-37: a defense molecule with a potential role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Exp Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01459","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312793","author":"R Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh R, Koppu S, Perche PO, Feldman SR (2021) The cytokine mediated molecular pathophysiology of psoriasis and its clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222312793","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3986_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","author":"MA Lowes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lowes MA, Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Krueger JG (2014) Immunology of psoriasis. Annu Rev Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3986_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186791","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Yamasaki K (2020) Psoriasis and antimicrobial peptides. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186791","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3986_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.01.014","author":"PC van de Kerkhof","year":"2022","unstructured":"van de Kerkhof PC (2022) From empirical to pathogenesis-based treatments for psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2022.01.014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.12.014","author":"J Baliwag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baliwag J, Barnes DH, Johnston A (2015) Cytokines in psoriasis. Cytokine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.12.014","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3986_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094983","author":"RG Petit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petit RG, Cano A, Ortiz A, Espina M, Prat J, Mu\u00f1oz M, Severino P, Souto EB, Garc\u00eda ML, Pujol M, S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez E (2021) Psoriasis: from pathogenesis to pharmacological and nano-technological-based therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22094983","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3986_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14124","author":"F Lauffer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lauffer F, Eyerich K, Boehncke WH, Asadullah K, Beissert S, Ghoreschi K, Sch\u00f6n MP (2020) Cytokines of the IL-17 family in psoriasis. JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.14124","journal-title":"JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"3986_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.628","author":"J Borowczyk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borowczyk J, Shutova M, Brembilla NC, Boehncke WH (2021) IL-25 (IL-17E) in epithelial immunology and pathophysiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.628","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"3986_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13405","author":"LT Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu LT, Qiao ZH, Tian JB, Lin JL, Hou SC, Liu XM (2023) The effect of secukinumab treatment for psoriasis on serum cytokines and correlation with disease severity. Skin Res Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13405","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"3986_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18245","author":"NJ Korman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korman NJ (2020) Management of psoriasis as a systemic disease: what is the evidence? Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.18245","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070908","author":"J Vila\u00e7a","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vila\u00e7a J, Yilmaz O, Torres T (2024) New and emerging treatments for generalized pustular psoriasis: focus on IL-36 receptor inhibitors. Pharmaceutics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070908","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3986_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201804030","author":"M Lebwohl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lebwohl M (2018) Psoriasis. Ann Intern Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/AITC201804030","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-010-1080-1","volume":"303","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Kragballe K, Reich K, Spuls P, Griffiths CE, Nast A, Franke J, Antoniou C, Arenberger P, Balieva F, Bylaite M, Correia O, Daud\u00e9n E, Gisondi P, Iversen L, Kem\u00e9ny L, Lahfa M, Nijsten T, Rantanen T, Reich A, Rosenbach T, Segaert S, Smith C, Talme T, Volc-Platzer B, Yawalkar N (2011) Definition of treatment goals for moderate to severe psoriasis: a European consensus. Arch Dermatol Res 303(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-010-1080-1","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3986_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2017.07.002","volume":"108","author":"M Llamas-Velasco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Llamas-Velasco M, de la Cueva P, Notario J, Mart\u00ednez-Pilar L, Martorell A, Moreno-Ram\u00edrez D (2017) Moderate psoriasis: a proposed definition. Actas Dermosifiliogr 108(10):911\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2017.07.002","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"3986_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.087","author":"CA Elmets","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elmets CA, Korman NJ, Prater EF, Wong EB, Rupani RN, Kivelevitch D, Armstrong AW, Connor C, Cordoro KM, Davis DMR, Elewski BE, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB, Gottlieb AB, Kaplan DH, Kavanaugh A, Kiselica M, Kroshinsky D, Lebwohl M, Leonardi CL, Lichten J, Lim HW, Mehta NN, Paller AS, Parra SL, Pathy AL, Siegel M, Stoff B, Strober B, Wu JJ, Hariharan V, Menter A (2021) Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapy and alternative medicine modalities for psoriasis severity measures. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.087","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713313","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Kim M (2023) Challenges and future trends in the treatment of psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241713313","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3986_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.25.35.47.s47","author":"L Green","year":"2011","unstructured":"Green L (2011) An overview and update of psoriasis. Nurs Stand. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7748\/ns.25.35.47.s47","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"3986_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000429778.10020.67","author":"B Ladizinski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ladizinski B, Lee KC, Wilmer E, Alavi A, Mistry N, Sibbald RG (2013) A review of the clinical variants and the management of psoriasis. Adv Skin Wound Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ASW.0000429778.10020.67","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"3986_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.02.004","author":"SM Schleicher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schleicher SM (2016) Psoriasis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.02.004","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"3986_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02534.x","author":"PC van de Kerkhof","year":"2008","unstructured":"van de Kerkhof PC, Barker J, Griffiths CE, Kragballe K, Mason J, Menter A, Papp K (2008) Psoriasis: consensus on topical therapies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02534.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR48","first-page":"135","volume":"79","author":"JD Ference","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ference JD, Last AR (2009) Choosing topical corticosteroids. Am Fam Physician 79(2):135\u2013140","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR49","first-page":"337","volume":"103","author":"SK Stacey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stacey SK, McEleney M (2021) Topical corticosteroids: choice and application. Am Fam Physician 103(6):337\u2013343","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"3986_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.15042","author":"L Ramic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramic L, Sator P (2023) Topical treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.15042","journal-title":"JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"3986_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000001018","author":"EK Pender","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pender EK, Kirby B (2024) An update on topical therapies for psoriasis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000001018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"3986_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9411-6","author":"L Barrea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barrea L, Savanelli MC, Di Somma C, Napolitano M, Megna M, Colao A, Savastano S (2017) Vitamin D and its role in psoriasis: an overview of the dermatologist and nutritionist. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-017-9411-6","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"3986_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dyring-Andersen B, Bonefeld C\u00e1, Bzorek M, L\u00f8vendorf MB, Lauritsen JP, Skov L, Geisler C (2015) The Vitamin D Analogue Calcipotriol Reduces the Frequency of CD8+ IL-17+ T Cells in Psoriasis Lesions. Scand J Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.12304.","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12304"},{"key":"3986_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630902787585","author":"G M\u00e1rquez Balb\u00e1s","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00e1rquez Balb\u00e1s G, S\u00e1nchez Rega\u00f1a M, Umbert MP (2009) Tacalcitol ointment for the treatment of nail psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546630902787585","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"3986_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2016.1163318","author":"P Aggarwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aggarwal P, Aggarwal K, Jain VK (2016) Tacalcitol: a useful adjunct to narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09546634.2016.1163318","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"3986_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(94)70066-4","author":"T Esgleyes-Ribot","year":"1994","unstructured":"Esgleyes-Ribot T, Chandraratna RA, Lew-Kaya DA, Sefton J, Duvic M (1994) Response of psoriasis to a new topical retinoid, AGN 190168. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0190-9622(94)70066-4","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077236","author":"A Roeder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roeder A, Schaller M, Sch\u00e4fer-Korting M, Korting HC (2004) Tazarotene: therapeutic strategies in the treatment of psoriasis, acne and photoaging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000077236","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3986_CR58","first-page":"626","volume":"87","author":"N Weigle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weigle N, McBane S (2013) Psoriasis. Am Fam Physician 87(9):626\u2013633","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"3986_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1309349","author":"S Khalil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khalil S, Bardawil T, Stephan C, Darwiche N, Abbas O, Kibbi AG, Nemer G, Kurban M (2017) Retinoids: a journey from the molecular structures and mechanisms of action to clinical uses in dermatology and adverse effects. J Dermatolog Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546634.2017.1309349","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"3986_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(99)70358-0","author":"JH Saurat","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saurat JH (1999) Retinoids and psoriasis: novel issues in retinoid pharmacology and implications for psoriasis treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0190-9622(99)70358-0","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.11.006","volume":"26","author":"RB Warren","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warren RB, Griffiths CE (2008) Systemic therapies for psoriasis: methotrexate, retinoids, and cyclosporine. Clin Dermatol 26(5):438\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.11.006","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3986_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.8.1000","volume":"142","author":"DJ Pearce","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pearce DJ, Klinger S, Ziel KK, Murad EJ, Rowell R, Feldman SR (2006) Low-dose acitretin is associated with fewer adverse events than high-dose acitretin in the treatment of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 142(8):1000\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.142.8.1000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR63","unstructured":"Zito PM, Patel P, Mazzoni T (2024) Acitretin. In: StatPearls (ed)\u00a0StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3986_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199243040-00010","volume":"43","author":"T Pilkington","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pilkington T, Brogden RN (1992) Acitretin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 43(4):597\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-199243040-00010","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"3986_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(89)70236-x","volume":"21","author":"EA Olsen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Olsen EA, Weed WW, Meyer CJ, Cobo LM (1989) A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acitretin for the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 21(4 Pt 1):681\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0190-9622(89)70236-x","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890420043005","volume":"133","author":"L Buccheri","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buccheri L, Katchen BR, Karter AJ, Cohen SR (1997) Acitretin therapy is effective for psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Dermatol 133(6):711\u2013715 (PMID: 9197824)","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.2.115","volume":"46","author":"YS Jeong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeong YS, Kim MS, Shin JH, Cho JK, Lee HI, Kim HJ, Choi JP (2014) A case of severe HIV-associated psoriasis successfully treated with acitretin therapy. Infect Chemother 46(2):115\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2014.46.2.115","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"3986_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087329","volume":"24","author":"CY Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang CY, Wang CW, Chen CB, Chen WT, Chang YC, Hui RC, Chung WH (2023) Pharmacogenomics on the treatment response in patients with psoriasis: an updated review. Int J Mol Sci 24(8):7329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24087329","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3986_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20392","DOI":"10.5070\/D31911020392","volume":"19","author":"M Pan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pan M, Heinecke G, Bernardo S, Tsui C, Levitt J (2013) Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J 19(11):20392 (PMID: 24314769)","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"3986_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555576353356","author":"I Hagemann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hagemann I, Proksch E (1996) Topical treatment by urea reduces epidermal hyperproliferation and induces differentiation in psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/0001555576353356","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"3986_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S360448","author":"ZD Draelos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Draelos ZD (2022) The efficacy and tolerability of turmeric and salicylic acid in psoriasis treatment. Psoriasis Targets Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PTT.S360448","journal-title":"Psoriasis Targets Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00619-2","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uchida Y, Park K (2021) Ceramides in skin health and disease: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-021-00619-2","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"James WA, Rosenberg AL, Wu JJ, Hsu S, Armstrong A, Wallace EB, Lee LW, Merola J, Schwartzman S, Gladman D, Liu C, Koo J, Hawkes JE, Reddy S, Prussick R, Yamauchi P, Lewitt M, Soung J, Weinberg J, Lebwohl M, Glick B, Kircik L, Desai S, Feldman SR, Zaino ML (2024) Full Guidelines-From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Perioperative management of systemic immunomodulatory agents in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. 2024. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.03.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.03.008"},{"key":"3986_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S101233","author":"N Malecic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malecic N, Young H (2016) Tacrolimus for the management of psoriasis: clinical utility and place in therapy. Psoriasis Targets Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PTT.S101233","journal-title":"Psoriasis Targets Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-857x(05)70358-6","author":"BN Cronstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cronstein BN (1997) The mechanism of action of methotrexate. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-857x(05)70358-6","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"3986_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00135.x","author":"CA Bangert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bangert CA, Costner MI (2007) Methotrexate in dermatology. Dermatol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00135.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00142.x","author":"MJ Boffa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boffa MJ, Chalmers RJ (1996) Methotrexate for psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00142.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02976.x","author":"RB Warren","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warren RB, Chalmers RJ, Griffiths CE, Menter A (2008) Methotrexate for psoriasis in the era of biological therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02976.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342020-00003","volume":"42","author":"J Grim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grim J, Chl\u00e1dek J, Mart\u00ednkov\u00e1 J (2003) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate in non-neoplastic diseases. Clin Pharmacokinet 42(2):139\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-200342020-00003. (PMID: 12537514)","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"3986_CR80","unstructured":"Hanoodi M, Mittal M (2024) Methotrexate. In: StatPearls (ed) StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3986_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0164","volume":"21","author":"SC Howard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Howard SC, McCormick J, Pui CH, Buddington RK, Harvey RD (2016) Preventing and managing toxicities of high-dose methotrexate. Oncologist 21(12):1471\u20131482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0164","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"3986_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10615.x","author":"J Barker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barker J, Hoffmann M, Wozel G, Ortonne JP, Zheng H, van Hoogstraten H, Reich K (2011) Efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. methotrexate in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results of an open-label, active-controlled, randomized trial (RESTORE1). Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10615.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12505786","author":"CE Griffiths","year":"1990","unstructured":"Griffiths CE, Voorhees JJ (1990) Cyclosporine A in the treatment of psoriasis: a clinical and mechanistic perspective. J Invest Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12505786","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240501","author":"CN Ellis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ellis CN, Fradin MS, Messana JM, Brown MD, Siegel MT, Hartley AH, Rocher LL, Wheeler S, Hamilton TA, Parish TG (1991) Cyclosporine for plaque-type psoriasis. Results of a multidose, double-blind trial. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199101313240501","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3986_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13713","author":"T Ergun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ergun T, Seckin Gencosmanoglu D, Alpsoy E, Bulbul-Baskan E, Saricam MH, Salman A, Onsun N, Sarioz A (2017) Efficacy, safety and drug survival of conventional agents in pediatric psoriasis: a multicenter, cohort study. J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.13713","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.414","author":"L Burfield","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burfield L, Burden AD (2013) Psoriasis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.414","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR87","first-page":"293","volume":"15","author":"T Soleymani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soleymani T, Vassantachart JM, Wu JJ (2016) Comparison of guidelines for the use of cyclosporine for psoriasis: a critical appraisal and comprehensive review. J Drugs Dermatol 15(3):293\u2013301 (PMID: 26954314)","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199324060-00004","volume":"24","author":"A Fahr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fahr A (1993) Cyclosporin clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 24(6):472\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-199324060-00004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"3986_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021359","author":"VM Heydendael","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heydendael VM, Spuls PI, Opmeer BC, de Borgie CA, Reitsma JB, Goldschmidt WF, Bossuyt PM, Bos JD, de Rie MA (2003) Methotrexate versus cyclosporine in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa021359","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3986_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-01059-5","author":"S Pandey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pandey S, Tripathi P, Gupta A, Yadav JS (2022) A comprehensive review on possibilities of treating psoriasis using dermal cyclosporine. Drug Deliv Transl Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-021-01059-5","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"3986_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15917","author":"G Gallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallo G, Mastorino L, Baril\u00e0 D, Cattel F, Panzone M, Quaglino P, Ribero S, Dapavo P (2022) Topical cyclosporine hydrogel preparation: A new therapeutic option in the treatment of nail psoriasis. Dermatol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15917","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06346.x","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Altmeyer P, Bieber T, R\u00f6cken M, Schopf RE, Sterry W (2007) Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters (Fumaderm). JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06346.x","journal-title":"JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"3986_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Belge K, Br\u00fcck J, Ghoreschi K. Advances in treating psoriasis. F1000Prime Rep. 2014; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12703\/P6-4.","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-4"},{"key":"3986_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122732","author":"P Matteo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matteo P, Federico D, Emanuela M, Giulia R, Tommaso B, Alfredo G, Anna C, Annamaria O (2022) New and old horizons for an ancient drug: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical perspectives of dimethyl fumarate. Pharmaceutics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122732","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3986_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15066","author":"M Corazza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corazza M, Odorici G, Conti A, Di Lernia V, Motolese A, Bardazzi F, Di Nuzzo S, Monti A, Arginelli F, Filippi F, Valpiani G, Morotti C, Borghi A (2021) Dimethyl fumarate treatment for psoriasis in a real-life setting: A multicentric retrospective study. Dermatol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15066","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D3205022608","volume":"20","author":"F Moustafa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moustafa F, Feldman SR (2014) A review of phosphodiesterase-inhibition and the potential role for phosphodiesterase 4-inhibitors in clinical dermatology. Dermatol Online J 20(5):22608","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"3986_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16010023","author":"EL Crowley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crowley EL, Gooderham MJ (2023) Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition in the management of psoriasis. Pharmaceutics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics16010023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3986_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.049","author":"K Papp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papp K, Reich K, Leonardi CL, Kircik L, Chimenti S, Langley RG, Hu C, Stevens RM, Day RM, Gordon KB, Korman NJ, Griffiths CE (2015) Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: results of a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (Efficacy and Safety Trial Evaluating the Effects of Apremilast in Psoriasis [ESTEEM] 1). J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.049","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908x301866","author":"AB Gottlieb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gottlieb AB, Strober B, Krueger JG, Rohane P, Zeldis JB, Hu CC, Kipnis C (2008) An open-label, single-arm pilot study in patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis treated with an oral anti-inflammatory agent, apremilast. Curr Med Res Opin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1185\/030079908x301866","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"3986_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S303634","author":"M Milakovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milakovic M, Gooderham MJ (2021) Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition in Psoriasis. Psoriasis (Auckl). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PTT.S303634","journal-title":"Psoriasis (Auckl)"},{"key":"3986_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.040","author":"L Stein Gold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stein Gold L, Papp K, Pariser D, Green L, Bhatia N, Sofen H, Albrecht L, Gooderham M, Chen M, Paris M, Wang Y, Callis Duffin K (2022) Efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis: results of a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.040","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3986_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.699959","volume":"13","author":"B Shutty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shutty B, West C, Pellerin M, Feldman S (2012) Apremilast as a treatment for psoriasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 13(12):1761\u20131770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14656566.2012.699959","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.052","volume":"77","author":"J Crowley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crowley J, Tha\u00e7i D, Joly P, Peris K, Papp KA, Goncalves J, Day RM, Chen R, Shah K, Ferr\u00e1ndiz C, Cather JC (2017) Long-term safety and tolerability of apremilast in patients with psoriasis: pooled safety analysis for \u2265156 weeks from 2 phase 3, randomized, controlled trials (ESTEEM 1 and 2). J Am Acad Dermatol 77(2):310-317.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.052","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR104","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"A O'Toole","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole A, Gooderham M (2023) Topical roflumilast for plaque psoriasis. Skin Therapy Lett 28(5):1\u20134","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"3986_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2000073","author":"MG Lebwohl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lebwohl MG, Papp KA, Stein Gold L, Gooderham MJ, Kircik LH, Draelos ZD, Kempers SE, Zirwas M, Smith K, Osborne DW, Trotman ML, Navale L, Merritt C, Berk DR, Welgus H, ARQ-151 201 Study Investigators (2020) Trial of roflumilast cream for chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2000073","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3986_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00741-9","author":"AW Thurston Jr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thurston AW Jr, Osborne DW, Snyder S, Higham RC, Burnett P, Berk DR (2023) Pharmacokinetics of roflumilast cream in chronic plaque psoriasis: data from phase I to phase III studies. Am J Clin Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-022-00741-9","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.1288","author":"PW Hashim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashim PW, Chima M, Kim HJ, Bares J, Yao CJ, Singer G, Chen T, Genece J, Baum D, Kimmel GW, Nia JK, Gagliotti M, Lebwohl MG (2020) Crisaborole 2% ointment for the treatment of intertriginous, anogenital, and facial psoriasis: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.1288","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.11.005","author":"RB Warren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warren RB, French LE, Blauvelt A, Langley RG, Egeberg A, Mrowietz U, Hunter HJA, Gooderham M, Soerensen P, Andres P, Sommer MOA, Carlsson A, Kj\u00f8ller KD, Strober BE (2024) Orismilast in moderate-to-severe psoriasis: Efficacy and safety from a 16-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, and phase 2b trial (IASOS). J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.11.005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12968","author":"DR Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel DR, Urva S, Ho S, Buckman CJ, Ma Y, Lim J, Sissons SE, Zuniga MS, Philips D, Cox K, Dairaghi DJ (2021) Characterization of LY2775240, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in nonclinical models and in healthy subjects. Clin Transl Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cts.12968","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3986_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.1351","volume":"13","author":"S Kato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kato S, Cho N, Koresawa T, Otake K, Kano A (2024) Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a novel oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, ME3183: first-in-human phase 1 study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 13(4):341\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpdd.1351","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev"},{"key":"3986_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.10.053","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Cai L, Zheng M (2022) A novel topical treatment for plaque psoriasis: Benvitimod\/tapinarof. J Am Acad Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.10.053","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15931","author":"S Nogueira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nogueira S, Rodrigues MA, Vender R, Torres T (2022) Tapinarof for the treatment of psoriasis. Dermatol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15931","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103629","author":"MG Lebwohl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lebwohl MG, Stein Gold L, Strober B, Papp KA, Armstrong AW, Bagel J, Kircik L, Ehst B, Hong HC, Soung J, Fromowitz J, Guenthner S, Piscitelli SC, Rubenstein DS, Brown PM, Tallman AM, Bissonnette R (2021) Phase 3 trials of tapinarof cream for plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2103629","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3986_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02749-5","author":"J Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan J, Chen S, Shi J (2023) 1% tapinarof cream for the treatment of psoriasis: a network meta-analysis of randomized placebo- and calcipotriol- controlled trials. Arch Dermatol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02749-5","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"3986_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00641-4","author":"JE Jett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jett JE, McLaughlin M, Lee MS, Parish LC, DuBois J, Raoof TJ, Tabolt G, Wilson T, Somerville MC, DellaMaestra W, Piscitelli SC (2022) Tapinarof cream 1% for extensive plaque psoriasis: a maximal use trial on safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. Am J Clin Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-021-00641-4","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2023.03.001","author":"HA Miot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miot HA, Criado PR, de Castro CCS, Ianhez M, Talhari C, Ramos PM (2023) JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors in dermatology. An Bras Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abd.2023.03.001","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00347-w","author":"A Kvist-Hansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kvist-Hansen A, Hansen PR, Skov L (2020) Systemic treatment of psoriasis with JAK inhibitors: a review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-019-00347-w","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"3986_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14018","author":"KA Papp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papp KA, Menter MA, Abe M, Elewski B, Feldman SR, Gottlieb AB, Langley R, Luger T, Thaci D, Buonanno M, Gupta P, Proulx J, Lan S, Wolk R (2015) Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: results from two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trials. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.14018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12517","author":"B Strober","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strober B, Buonanno M, Clark JD, Kawabata T, Tan H, Wolk R, Valdez H, Langley RG, Harness J, Menter A, Papp K (2013) Effect of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, on haematological parameters during 12 weeks of psoriasis treatment. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.12517","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806382","author":"K Papp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papp K, Gordon K, Tha\u00e7i D, Morita A, Gooderham M, Foley P, Girgis IG, Kundu S, Banerjee S (2018) Phase 2 trial of selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibition in psoriasis. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1806382","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3986_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.11.001","author":"IM Catlett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Catlett IM, Hu Y, Gao L, Banerjee S, Gordon K, Krueger JG (2022) Molecular and clinical effects of selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibition with deucravacitinib in psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.11.001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"3986_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13994","author":"N Punwani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Punwani N, Burn T, Scherle P, Flores R, Shi J, Collier P, Hertel D, Haley P, Lo Y, Waeltz P, Rodgers J, Shepard S, Vaddi K, Yeleswaram S, Levy R, Williams W, Gottlieb AB (2015) Downmodulation of key inflammatory cell markers with a topical Janus kinase 1\/2 inhibitor. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.13994","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01291-2","author":"S Dhillon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhillon S (2020) Delgocitinib: first approval. Drugs. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-020-01291-2","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"3986_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad098","author":"MN Landis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Landis MN, Smith SR, Berstein G, Fetterly G, Ghosh P, Feng G, Pradhan V, Aggarwal S, Banfield C, Peeva E, Vincent MS, Beebe JS, Tarabar S (2023) Efficacy and safety of topical brepocitinib cream for mild-to-moderate chronic plaque psoriasis: a phase IIb randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled parallel-group study. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljad098","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12266","author":"WC Ports","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ports WC, Khan S, Lan S, Lamba M, Bolduc C, Bissonnette R, Papp K (2013) A randomized phase 2a efficacy and safety trial of the topical Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.12266","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12467","author":"N Bagherani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bagherani N, Smoller BR (2017) Efficacy of topical tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Dermatol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.12467","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-016-0051-4","author":"KA Papp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Papp KA, Bissonnette R, Gooderham M, Feldman SR, Iversen L, Soung J, Draelos Z, Mamolo C, Purohit V, Wang C, Ports WC (2016) Treatment of plaque psoriasis with an ointment formulation of the Janus kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib: a phase 2b randomized clinical trial. BMC Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12895-016-0051-4","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000531119","author":"R Berbert Ferreira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berbert Ferreira R, Berbert Ferreira S, Neves Neto AC, Caparroz-Assef SM, Brichta L, Damiani G, Iorizzo M (2023) Topical tofacitinib as effective therapy in patients with plaque psoriasis responsive to systemic drugs but with resistant nail psoriasis. Skin Appendage Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000531119","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"key":"3986_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14403","author":"KA Papp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Papp KA, Menter MA, Raman M, Disch D, Schlichting DE, Gaich C, Macias W, Zhang X, Janes JM (2016) A randomized phase 2b trial of baricitinib, an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1\/JAK2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.14403","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14399","author":"VJ Ludbrook","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ludbrook VJ, Hicks KJ, Hanrott KE, Patel JS, Binks MH, Wyres MR, Watson J, Wilson P, Simeoni M, Schifano LA, Reich K, Griffiths CE (2016) Investigation of selective JAK1 inhibitor GSK2586184 for the treatment of psoriasis in a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIa study. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.14399","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13745","author":"K Papp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papp K, Pariser D, Catlin M, Wierz G, Ball G, Akinlade B, Zeiher B, Krueger JG (2015) A phase 2a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose-escalation study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASP015K, a novel Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.13745","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.027","author":"KM Page","year":"2020","unstructured":"Page KM, Suarez-Farinas M, Suprun M, Zhang W, Garcet S, Fuentes-Duculan J, Li X, Scaramozza M, Kieras E, Banfield C, Clark JD, Fensome A, Krueger JG, Peeva E (2020) Molecular and cellular responses to the TYK2\/JAK1 inhibitor PF-06700841 reveal reduction of skin inflammation in plaque psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.027","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246604","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2023.2246604","volume":"34","author":"N Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang N, Yang Q, Liu Y, Liu H (2023) Upadacitinib in nail psoriasis: a case report. J Dermatolog Treat 34(1):2246604","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30397-0","volume":"3","author":"C Tehlirian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tehlirian C, Peeva E, Kieras E, Scaramozza M, Roberts ES, Singh RSP, Pradhan V, Banerjee A, Garcet S, Xi L, Gale JD, Vincent MS, Krueger J (2021) Safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the oral TYK2 inhibitor PF-06826647 in participants with plaque psoriasis: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Lancet Rheumatol 3(3):e204\u2013e213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30397-0","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3986_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf185","volume":"193","author":"JQ Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen JQ, Zheng M, Yin WH, Wang P, Shi XW, Lei TC, Li ZM, Pan M, Shi YL, Li YZ, Liang C, Man XY (2025) Safety and efficacy of the selective tyrosine kinase 2\/Janus kinase 1 inhibitor TLL-018 in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a phase Ib, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol 193(4):670\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf185","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blauvelt A, Arenberger P, Sauder MB, Couvillion M, Rubio RG, Vlahakis NE, Ucpinar S, Ma G, Hitraya E, Tilley MK, Papp KA; STRIDE Investigators (2025) Highly selective, allosteric inhibition of TYK2 with oral ESK-001 in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from STRIDE, a 12-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2 study. J Am Acad Dermatol. S0190\u20139622(25)02466\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.07.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.07.013"},{"key":"3986_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papp KA, Jacobs S, Sofen H, Bukhalo M, Muscianisi E, Ma G, Lau G, Bettinger M, Rubio RG, Hitraya E, Blauvelt A; Open-Label Extension study team. Safety and efficacy of envudeucitinib, a highly selective, oral allosteric TYK2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from the 52-week open-label extension period of the phase 2 STRIDE study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025 Oct 6:S0190\u20139622(25)02952\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.10.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.10.005"},{"key":"3986_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3170","author":"X Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma X, Borzillo G, Kothe MJC, Sanga M, Chu G, Greger JG, Deiteren A, Attiyeh E (2024) A phase I, randomized, multi-dose study to evaluate the enteric selectivity and safety of JAK inhibitor, Lorpucitinib, in healthy participants. Clin Pharmacol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.3170","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"3986_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.05.023","volume":"84","author":"A Kivitz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kivitz A, Baraliakos X, Muensterman ET, Kavanaugh A, van der Heijde D, Klimiuk PA, Valenzuela G, Dokoupilova E, Poirier G, Srivastava B, Dasen S, Zhang X, Hong T, Chen J, Pothula P, Weng HH, Trivedi M, Lertratanakul A (2025) Highly selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibition with zasocitinib (TAK-279) improves outcomes in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: a randomised phase 2b study. Ann Rheum Dis 84(10):1660\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ard.2025.05.023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3986_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1159743","author":"W Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li W, Yuan J (2023) Targeting RIPK1 kinase for modulating inflammation in human diseases. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1159743","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3986_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1852","author":"K Weisel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weisel K, Berger S, Papp K, Maari C, Krueger JG, Scott N, Tompson D, Wang S, Simeoni M, Bertin J, Peter Tak P (2020) Response to inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in active plaque psoriasis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.1852","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.011","author":"H Kojima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kojima H, Muromoto R, Takahashi M, Takeuchi S, Takeda Y, Jetten AM, Matsuda T (2012) Inhibitory effects of azole-type fungicides on interleukin-17 gene expression via retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors \u03b1 and \u03b3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.011","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"3986_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15902","author":"X Dai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dai X, Jin J, Jia Y, Yang K, Han J, Zhang Z, Ding X, Yao C, Sun T, Zhu C, Liu H (2022) A non-retinol retinoic acid receptor-\u03b3 (RAR-\u03b3\/NR1B3) selective agonist, tectorigenin, can effectively inhibit the ultraviolet A-induced skin damage. Br J Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.15902","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3986_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16131","author":"EG Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang EG, Wu S, Gupta A, von Mackensen YL, Siemetzki H, Freudenberg JM, Wigger-Alberti W, Yamaguchi Y (2018) A phase I randomized controlled trial to evaluate safety and clinical effect of topically applied GSK2981278 ointment in a psoriasis plaque test. Br J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.16131","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3986_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.12.025","volume":"145","author":"MJ Gooderham","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gooderham MJ, Mrowietz U, Kadus W, Drda K, Gu H, Vangerow H, Flack M, Korell J, Sofen H, Papp KA (2025) Phase II randomized trial of BI 730357, an oral ROR\u03b3t inhibitor, for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 145(8):1969-1978.e14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2024.12.025","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00185787211061381","author":"TL Levien","year":"2022","unstructured":"Levien TL, Baker DE (2022) Formulary drug review: Belumosudil. Hosp Pharm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00185787211061381","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"3986_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1602142","author":"A Zanin-Zhorov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zanin-Zhorov A, Weiss JM, Trzeciak A, Chen W, Zhang J, Nyuydzefe MS, Arencibia C, Polimera S, Schueller O, Fuentes-Duculan J, Bonifacio KM, Kunjravia N, Cueto I, Soung J, Fleischmann RM, Kivitz A, Lebwohl M, Nunez M, Woodson J, Smith SL, West RF, Berger M, Krueger JG, Ryan JL, Waksal SD (2017) Cutting edge: selective oral ROCK2 inhibitor reduces clinical scores in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normalizes skin pathology via concurrent regulation of IL-17 and IL-10. J Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1602142","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"3986_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123680","author":"P Fishman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fishman P (2022) Drugs targeting the A3 adenosine receptor: human clinical study data. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27123680","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3986_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2310970","author":"S Cohen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohen S, Barer F, Itzhak I, Silverman MH, Fishman P (2018) Inhibition of IL-17 and IL-23 in human keratinocytes by the A3 adenosine receptor agonist piclidenoson. J Immunol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2310970","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"3986_CR150","first-page":"931","volume":"15","author":"M David","year":"2016","unstructured":"David M, Gospodinov Dk, Gheorghe N, Mateev Gs, Rusinova Mv, Hristakieva E, Solovastru Lg, Patel Rv, Giurcaneanu C, Hitova Mc, Purcaru Ai, Horia B, Tsingov Ii, Yankova Rk, Kadurina Mi, Ramon M, Rotaru M, Simionescu O, Benea V, Demerdjieva Zv, Cosgarea Mr, Morariu Hs, Michael Z, Cristodor P, Nica C, Silverman Mh, Bristol Dr, Harpaz Z, Farbstein M, Cohen S, Fishman P (2016) Treatment of plaque-type psoriasis with oral CF101: data from a phase II\/III multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. J Drugs Dermatol 15(8):931\u2013938","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"3986_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19811","author":"KA Papp","year":"2024","unstructured":"Papp KA, Beyska-Rizova S, Gantcheva ML, Slavcheva Simeonova E, Brezoev P, Celic M, Groppa L, Blicharski T, Selmanagic A, Kalicka-Dudzik M, Calin CA, Trailovic N, Ramon M, Bareket-Samish A, Harpaz Z, Farbstein M, Silverman MH, Fishman P (2024) Efficacy and safety of piclidenoson in plaque psoriasis: results from a randomized phase 3 clinical trial (COMFORT-1). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.19811","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020239","volume":"16","author":"E Carmona-Rocha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carmona-Rocha E, Rusi\u00f1ol L, Puig L (2024) New and emerging oral\/topical small-molecule treatments for psoriasis. Pharmaceutics 16(2):239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020239","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3986_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622315617354","author":"D D'Ambrosio","year":"2016","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambrosio D, Freedman MS, Prinz J (2016) Ponesimod, a selective S1P1 receptor modulator: a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated diseases. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2040622315617354","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"3986_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60803-5","author":"A Vaclavkova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaclavkova A, Chimenti S, Arenberger P, Holl\u00f3 P, Sator PG, Burcklen M, Stefani M, D\u2019Ambrosio D (2014) Oral ponesimod in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60803-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"3986_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.2174\/156802609789044407","volume":"9","author":"Z Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wesche H, Stevens T, Walker N, Yeh WC (2009) Irak-4 inhibitors for inflammation. Curr Top Med Chem 9(8):724\u2013737","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"3986_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.127862","volume":"38","author":"J Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wu J, Ding X, Shen HC, Zou G (2021) Small molecule approaches to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (part I): kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 38:127862","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"3986_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115606","volume":"258","author":"YR Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai YR, Yang WG, Hou XH, Shen DD, Zhang SN, Li Y, Qiao YY, Wang SQ, Yuan S, Liu Hm (2023) The recent advance of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Eur J Med Chem 258:115606","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"3986_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521505","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1521505","volume":"16","author":"M Feldm\u00fcller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feldm\u00fcller M, Jodl SJ, Ploeger B, Wagenfeld A, Wiesinger H, Zollmann FS, Klein S, Zhang R, Rohde B, H\u00f6chel J (2025) Zabedosertib, a novel interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 inhibitor, shows a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile across multiple phase 1 studies. Front Pharmacol 16:1521505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1521505","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3986_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fatani MIA, Hamadah IRA, Alajlan MA, Binamer Y, Alharbi AHS, Alruwaili AFS, Aldayel MAA, Alenzi KAO, Mubarki SM, Khardaly AM, Alomari BAA, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Jedai A, Eshmawi MTY. Saudi consensus statement on biologic treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. 2020. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546634.2021.1950601.","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2021.1950601"},{"issue":"9","key":"3986_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0718","volume":"151","author":"RE Kalb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalb RE, Fiorentino DF, Lebwohl MG, Toole J, Poulin Y, Cohen AD, Goyal K, Fakharzadeh S, Calabro S, Chevrier M, Langholff W, You Y, Leonardi CL (2015) Risk of serious infection with biologic and systemic treatment of psoriasis: results from the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR). JAMA Dermatol 151(9):961\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0718","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14096","volume":"45","author":"M Kamata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamata M, Tada Y (2018) Safety of biologics in psoriasis. J Dermatol 45(3):279\u2013286","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200809010-00001.Erratum.In:AmJClinDermatol.2008;9(5):347","volume":"9","author":"U Wollina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wollina U, Hansel G, Koch A, Sch\u00f6nlebe J, K\u00f6stler E, Haroske G (2008) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor-induced psoriasis or psoriasiform exanthemata: first 120 cases from the literature including a series of six new patients. Am J Clin Dermatol 9(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128071-200809010-00001.Erratum.In:AmJClinDermatol.2008;9(5):347","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_719_2023","volume":"90","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yang F, Wang R, Luo S (2024) Paradoxical psoriasis induced by IL-17 antagonists. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 90(5):623\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/IJDVL_719_2023. (PMID:38594973)","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09693.x","volume":"162","author":"RJ Driessen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Driessen RJ, Bisschops LA, Adang EM, Evers AW, Van De Kerkhof PC, De Jong EM (2010) The economic impact of high-need psoriasis in daily clinical practice before and after the introduction of biologics. Br J Dermatol 162(6):1324\u20131329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09693.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3986_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20738","volume":"39","author":"M Olivares-Guerrero","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olivares-Guerrero M, Daud\u00e9n E, Riera-Monroig J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Quesada A, Sahuquillo-Torralba A, Rivera-D\u00edaz R, Carrascosa JM, Belinch\u00f3n I, G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda FJ, Herrera-Acosta E, Ruiz-Genao DP, Baniandr\u00e9s-Rodr\u00edguez O, Ferr\u00e1n M, de la Cueva P, Rodr\u00edguez L, Mateu A, Ruiz-Carrascosa JC, Ara-Mart\u00edn M, Abalde-Pintos MT, Roncero-Riesco M, Pujol-Marco C, Garc\u00eda-Donoso C, Llamas-Velasco M, Del Alc\u00e1zar E, Su\u00e1rez-P\u00e9rez J, Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez B, D\u00edez-Madue\u00f1o K, Ruiz-Villaverde R, Lezcano-Biosca V, Gonz\u00e1lez-Sixto B, Descalzo M\u00c1, Garc\u00eda-Doval I (2025) Risk of adverse events of psoriasis treatment with biologic agents and new small molecules\u2014BIOBADADERM registry. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 39(9):1643\u20131655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.20738","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42084","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Ma T, Sun X, Liu L, Hong S, Cha H, Zhang M, Chen J, Lin N, Li B, Li X (2025) Efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: an analysis of evidence from 2014 to 2022. Heliyon 11(3):e42084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42084","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3986_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180170","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1180170","volume":"14","author":"Y Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu Y, Li Z, Wu S, Guo L, Jiang X (2023) Oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase 2 and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in plaque psoriasis: a network meta-analysis. Front Immunol 14:1180170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1180170","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3986_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2023-0062","volume":"15","author":"B Strober","year":"2023","unstructured":"Strober B, Tha\u00e7i D, Sofen H, Kircik L, Gordon KB, Foley P, Rich P, Paul C, Bagel J, Colston E, Throup J, Kundu S, Sekaran C, Linaberry M, Banerjee S, Papp KA (2023) Treatment of plaque psoriasis with deucravacitinib (POETYK PSO-2 study): a plain language summary. Immunotherapy 15(11):787\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2023-0062. (PMID:37150956)","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2024.24.e33","volume":"24","author":"R Speeckaert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Speeckaert R, Belpaire A, Lambert J, Speeckaert M, van Geel N (2024) Th pathways in immune-mediated skin disorders: a guide for strategic treatment decisions. Immune Netw 24(5):e33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4110\/in.2024.24.e33","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"3986_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630510011801","author":"A Vali","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vali A, Asilian A, Khalesi E, Khoddami L, Shahtalebi M, Mohammady M (2005) Evaluation of the efficacy of topical caffeine in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Dermatolog Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546630510011801","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"3986_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000096170","author":"A Wozniacka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wozniacka A, Szajerski P, Adamus J, Gebicki J, Sysa-Jedrzejowska A (2007) In search for new antipsoriatic agents: NAD topical composition. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000096170","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"3986_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14538","author":"A Owczarczyk-Saczonek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Czerwi\u0144ska J, Wygonowska E, Kasprowicz-Furma\u0144czyk M, Placek W (2021) D-chiro-inositol as a treatment in plaque psoriasis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dermatol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.14538","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"3986_CR173","unstructured":"SFA Therapeutics. (n.d.). SFA Therapeutics announces results for SFA-002 from Phase 1b Cohort 1 clinical trial for treatment of mild-to-moderate psoriasis. SFA Therapeutics. Retrieved December 3, 2025, from\u00a0https:\/\/www.sfatherapeutics.com\/news\/sfa-therapeutics-announces-results-for-sfa-002-from-phase-1b-cohort-1-clinical-trial-for-treatment-of-mild-to-moderate-psoriasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-014-0097-1","volume":"15","author":"JC Cather","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cather JC, Crowley JJ (2014) Use of biologic agents in combination with other therapies for the treatment of psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol 15(6):467\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-014-0097-1","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03986-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03986-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03986-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:05:44Z","timestamp":1771859144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03986-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":174,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03986-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical Approvable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approvable"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approvable"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}