{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:58:32Z","timestamp":1781074712190,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication adherence is essential for treatment effectiveness, yet the uptake of adherence-supporting tools in routine care remains suboptimal. This study assessed Italian healthcare professionals\u2019 knowledge, perceived utility, and willingness to recommend medication adherence tools, and explored perceived barriers to their adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire targeting healthcare professionals working in inpatient or outpatient settings across Italy was developed and validated by a panel of seven experts. It was anonymously distributed online between October and December 2023 to physicians, pharmacists, and nurses. The survey included open-ended and Likert-scale questions investigating use, perceived usefulness, barriers, and future willingness to recommend specific medication adherence tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and differences by professional category were evaluated using Chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact tests. Open-ended responses were analyzed through a multi-step conventional content analysis independently conducted by two researchers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 660 healthcare professionals participated, including pharmacists (35%), nurses (26%), general practitioners (22%), geriatricians or internists (8.6%), and other medical doctors (8.5%). Overall, knowledge and recommendation regarding medication adherence tools were limited, with awareness ranging from 40.0% to 94.7% depending on the tool. Traditional tools such as pillboxes and paper diaries were more frequently used (42.1% and 26.3%, respectively) and were perceived as useful (26.7% and 22.3%). In contrast, digital tools (e.g., mobile apps, SMS reminders, electronic pillboxes) were rarely recommended and often described as unfamiliar. Patient-related barriers emerged as the most commonly reported obstacles for both traditional and digital tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Italian healthcare professionals show limited familiarity with and use of medication adherence tools, particularly digital solutions. Targeted training and system-level strategies are needed to increase awareness, address perceived barriers, and promote the integration of effective adherence-supporting tools into routine care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-026-04074-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:47:02Z","timestamp":1778719622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare professionals\u2019 perspectives on medication adherence-supporting tools: a cross\u2011sectional survey in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Monia","family":"Donati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Lunghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Grillini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Domenicali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lia","family":"Lunardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Pasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susy","family":"Milandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Mussoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pieraccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Sangiorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Raschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Colonnello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Poluzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4074_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1444012","volume":"15","author":"P Kardas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kardas P, Bennett B, Borah B et al (2024) Medication non-adherence: reflecting on two decades since WHO adherence report and setting goals for the next twenty years. Front Pharmacol 15:1444012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1444012","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4074_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044987","volume":"11","author":"L Foley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foley L, Larkin J, Lombard-Vance R et al (2021) Prevalence and predictors of medication non-adherence among people living with multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 11:e044987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044987","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4074_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-024-00361-2","volume":"34","author":"AY Bischof","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bischof AY, Cordier J, Vogel J, Geissler A (2024) Medication adherence halves COPD patients\u2019 hospitalization risk - evidence from Swiss health insurance data. npj Prim Care Respir Med 34:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41533-024-00361-2","journal-title":"npj Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"4074_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06731","volume":"67","author":"S Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim S, Shin DW, Yun JM et al (2016) Medication adherence and the risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization among patients with newly prescribed antihypertensive medications. Hypertens Dallas Tex 67:506\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06731","journal-title":"Hypertens Dallas Tex"},{"key":"4074_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30740-y","volume":"8","author":"Y-Y Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim Y-Y, Lee J-S, Kang H-J, Park SM (2018) Effect of medication adherence on long-term all-cause-mortality and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease in 65,067 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Sci Rep 8:12190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-30740-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4074_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04538-6","volume":"25","author":"X Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng X, Wan L, Yu B, Zhang J (2025) The link between adherence to antihypertensive medications and mortality rates in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 25:145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04538-6","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"4074_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06864-9","volume":"37","author":"M Shani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shani M, Lustman A, Comaneshter D, Schonmann Y (2022) Associations of chronic medication adherence with emergency room visits and hospitalizations. J Gen Intern Med 37:1060\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-06864-9","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"4074_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016982","volume":"8","author":"RL Cutler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cutler RL, Fernandez-Llimos F, Frommer M et al (2018) Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review. BMJ Open 8:e016982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016982","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4074_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2023.2266135","volume":"24","author":"AP Kengne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kengne AP, Bri\u00e8re J-B, Zhu L et al (2024) Impact of poor medication adherence on clinical outcomes and health resource utilization in patients with hypertension and\/or dyslipidemia: systematic review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 24:143\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737167.2023.2266135","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"4074_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.037357","volume":"13","author":"JS Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee JS, Segura Escano R, Therrien NL et al (2024) Antihypertensive medication adherence and medical costs, health care use, and labor productivity among people with hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 13:e037357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.037357","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"4074_CR11","first-page":"31","volume":"19","author":"WC Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee WC, Balu S, Cobden D et al (2006) Prevalence and economic consequences of medication adherence in diabetes: a systematic literature review. Manag Care Interface 19:31\u201341","journal-title":"Manag Care Interface"},{"key":"4074_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.06.005","volume":"23","author":"Y Qiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiao Y, Steve Tsang CC, Hohmeier KC et al (2020) Association Between Medication Adherence and Healthcare Costs Among Patients Receiving the Low-Income Subsidy. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res 23:1210\u20131217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2020.06.005","journal-title":"Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res"},{"key":"4074_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy7030126","volume":"7","author":"C Sirois","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sirois C, Domingues NS, Laroche M-L et al (2019) Polypharmacy definitions for multimorbid older adults need stronger foundations to guide research, clinical practice and public health. Pharmacy Basel 7:E126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmacy7030126","journal-title":"Pharmacy Basel"},{"key":"4074_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.01.008","volume":"28","author":"ZA Marcum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marcum ZA, Gellad WF (2012) Medication adherence to multi-drug regimens. Clin Geriatr Med 28:287\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cger.2012.01.008","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"4074_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16113","volume":"90","author":"M Bennie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bennie M, Santa-Ana-Tellez Y, Galistiani GF et al (2024) The prevalence of polypharmacy in older Europeans: a multi-national database study of general practitioner prescribing. Br J Clin Pharmacol 90:2124\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.16113","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4074_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0500","volume":"32","author":"M Andanalusia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andanalusia M, Nita Y, Athiyah U (2021) The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a primary health care center in Mataram. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 32:577\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0500","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4074_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03884-1","volume":"24","author":"A FarzanehRad","year":"2024","unstructured":"FarzanehRad A, Allahbakhshian A, Gholizadeh L et al (2024) Randomized comparison of the effects of tailored text messaging versus pillbox organizers on medication adherence of heart failure patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 24:244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-024-03884-1","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"4074_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26127","volume":"10","author":"L Mortelmans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mortelmans L, Dilles T (2024) The development and evaluation of a medication diary to report problems with medication use. Heliyon 10:e26127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26127","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4074_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155218759184","volume":"25","author":"F Santoleri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santoleri F, Lasala R, Logreco A et al (2019) Using a treatment diary to improve the medication adherence in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract 25:1035\u20131041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1078155218759184","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"4074_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2016.1219884","volume":"29","author":"JK Schwartz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schwartz JK (2017) Pillbox use, satisfaction, and effectiveness among persons with chronic health conditions. Assist Technol 29:181\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10400435.2016.1219884","journal-title":"Assist Technol"},{"key":"4074_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032045","volume":"10","author":"LC Armitage","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armitage LC, Kassavou A, Sutton S (2020) Do mobile device apps designed to support medication adherence demonstrate efficacy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials, with meta-analysis. BMJ Open 10:e032045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032045","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4074_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/diabetes.8030","volume":"2","author":"CM Conway","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conway CM, Kelechi TJ (2017) Digital health for medication adherence in adult diabetes or hypertension: an integrative review. JMIR Diabetes 2:e8030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/diabetes.8030","journal-title":"JMIR Diabetes"},{"key":"4074_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2013.12202","volume":"53","author":"L Dayer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dayer L, Heldenbrand S, Anderson P et al (2013) Smartphone medication adherence apps: potential benefits to patients and providers. J Am Pharm Assoc 53:172\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1331\/JAPhA.2013.12202","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"4074_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fenerty SD, West C, Davis SA, et al (2012) The effect of reminder systems on patients\u2019adherence to treatment. Patient Prefer Adherence 6:127\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S26314","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S26314"},{"key":"4074_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcw018","volume":"2","author":"Y Gandapur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gandapur Y, Kianoush S, Kelli HM et al (2016) The role of mHealth for improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2:237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcw018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"4074_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-024-02135-2","volume":"49","author":"SK Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim SK, Park SY, Hwang HR et al (2025) Effectiveness of mobile health intervention in medication adherence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Syst 49:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-024-02135-2","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"4074_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005025.pub3","author":"KR Mahtani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahtani KR, Heneghan CJ, Glasziou PP, Perera R (2011) Reminder packaging for improving adherence to self-administered long-term medications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005025.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005025"},{"key":"4074_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2018.1508514","volume":"14","author":"A Miguel-Cruz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miguel-Cruz A, Felipe Boh\u00f3rquez A, Aya Parra PA (2019) What does the literature say about using electronic pillboxes for older adults? A systematic literature review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 14:776\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17483107.2018.1508514","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"4074_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2008.0046","volume":"12","author":"JN Stacy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stacy JN, Schwartz SM, Ershoff D, Shreve MS (2009) Incorporating tailored interactive patient solutions using interactive voice response technology to improve statin adherence: results of a randomized clinical trial in a managed care setting. Popul Health Manag 12:241\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pop.2008.0046","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"key":"4074_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0322","volume":"27","author":"JA Tucker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tucker JA, Simpson CA, Huang J et al (2013) Utility of an interactive voice response system to assess antiretroviral pharmacotherapy adherence among substance users living with HIV\/AIDS in the rural South. AIDS Patient Care STDs 27:280\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2012.0322","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"4074_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-5","volume":"11","author":"M Vervloet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vervloet M, van Dijk L, Santen-Reestman J et al (2011) Improving medication adherence in diabetes type 2 patients through real time medication monitoring: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of monitoring patients\u2019 medication use combined with short message service (SMS) reminders. BMC Health Serv Res 11:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-11-5","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"4074_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000748","volume":"19","author":"M Vervloet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vervloet M, Linn AJ, van Weert JCM et al (2012) The effectiveness of interventions using electronic reminders to improve adherence to chronic medication: a systematic review of the literature. J Am Med Inform Assoc 19:696\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000748","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"4074_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17834","volume":"22","author":"E Wiecek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wiecek E, Torres-Robles A, Cutler RL et al (2020) Impact of a multicomponent digital therapeutic mobile app on medication adherence in patients with chronic conditions: retrospective analysis. J Med Internet Res 22:e17834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/17834","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"4074_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scotti S, Pasina L, Lunghi C et al Enhancing Medication Adherence in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Strategies. J Am Geriatr Soc n\/a: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.70257","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70257"},{"key":"4074_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S87551","volume":"9","author":"E Costa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costa E, Giardini A, Savin M et al (2015) Interventional tools to improve medication adherence: review of literature. Patient Prefer Adherence 9:1303\u20131314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S87551","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"4074_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16183","volume":"90","author":"M Kamusheva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamusheva M, Aarnio E, Qvarnstr\u00f6m M et al (2024) Pan-European survey on medication adherence management by healthcare professionals. Br J Clin Pharmacol 90:3135\u20133145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.16183","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4074_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00899-4","volume":"6","author":"IJ Borges do Nascimento","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borges do Nascimento IJ, Abdulazeem H, Vasanthan LT et al (2023) Barriers and facilitators to utilizing digital health technologies by healthcare professionals. npj Digit Med 6:1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-023-00899-4","journal-title":"npj Digit Med"},{"key":"4074_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-025-03852-4","author":"M Donati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Donati M, Giunchi V, Grillini G et al (2025) Attitudes, barriers, and facilitators toward tools supporting appropriate prescribing among healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03852-4","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4074_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","volume":"15","author":"H-F Hsieh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 15:1277\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732305276687","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"4074_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70322","volume":"31","author":"TR Martinez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martinez TR, Schoenthaler AM, Mann DM et al (2025) Healthcare professionals\u2019 perspectives on addressing patients\u2019 medication adherence in primary care settings. J Eval Clin Pract 31:e70322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.70322","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"4074_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy5020033","author":"R Kayyali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kayyali R, Peletidi A, Ismail M et al (2017) Awareness and use of mHealth apps: a study from England. Pharmacy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmacy5020033","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"4074_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1632474","author":"Z Moon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moon Z, Walsh J (2025) Digital interventions in medication adherence: a narrative review of current evidence and challenges. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1632474","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4074_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10177-4","volume":"23","author":"H Poorcheraghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Poorcheraghi H, Negarandeh R, Pashaeypoor S, Jorian J (2023) Effect of using a mobile drug management application on medication adherence and hospital readmission among elderly patients with polypharmacy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res 23:1192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-10177-4","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"4074_CR44","unstructured":"Eurostat (2025) Individuals\u2019 level of digital skills by country of birth. In: Individ. Level Digit. Ski. Ctry. Birth. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/eq_dskl08\/default\/bar?lang=en. Accessed 27 Feb 2026"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04074-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04074-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04074-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:17:43Z","timestamp":1781072263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04074-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04074-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna (Prot. n. 0290273 - 09\/10\/2023). In accordance with the Committee\u2019s guidelines, respondents were asked to provide their consent before accessing the questionnaire. If consent was not provided, progress on the questionnaire was halted. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Clinical trial number: not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"151"}}