{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:58:30Z","timestamp":1781074710406,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Umea University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the possible influence of gender and specialty on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among physicians before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective nationwide register study analysed all ADR reports submitted by physicians to the Swedish Medical Products Agency during 2017 and 2023 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094079 and 3740, respectively). The reporting rates were calculated and stratified by gender and specialty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The highest reporting rate among physicians was observed in medical specialties, followed by primary care and psychiatry (27, 10, and 12, reports\/100 physicians in 2017; 18, 15, and 9 in 2023). The lowest reporting rates were observed for surgical and hospital service specialties (8 and 1 in 2017; 6 and 1 in 2023). Male and female physicians reported ADRs to a similar extent and both reported more frequently on female patients. Gender concordance between physician and patient was associated with significantly higher reporting (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001 in 2017;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041 in 2023).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reporting varied across specialties, and gender concordance emerged as a previously unrecognized factor influencing ADR reporting. These findings provide new opportunities for targeted interventions to enhance physician participation in pharmacovigilance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-026-04077-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:56:25Z","timestamp":1778201785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physicians\u2019 gender and specialty in relation to adverse drug reaction reporting in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5515-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina-Maria","family":"Nordvall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Rolander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linnea","family":"Melin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"H\u00e4gg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4077_CR1","unstructured":"Swedish Medical Products Agency (2017) L\u00e4kemedelsverkets f\u00f6reskrifter (LVFS 2012:14) om s\u00e4kerhets\u00f6vervakning av humanl\u00e4kemedel. https:\/\/www.lakemedelsverket.se\/sv\/lagar-och-regler\/foreskrifter\/2012-14-konsoliderad#lvfs201214konsolideradfreskrift"},{"issue":"5","key":"4077_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629050-00003","volume":"29","author":"L Hazell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hazell L, Shakir SA (2006) Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. Drug Saf 29(5):385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-200629050-00003","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"4077_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2174\/0115748863276456231016062628","volume":"19","author":"RA Putri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Putri RA, Ikawati Z, Rahmawati F, Yasin NM (2024) An awareness of pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals due to an underreporting of adverse drug reactions issue: a systematic review of the current state, obstacles, and strategy. Curr Drug Saf 19(3):317\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115748863276456231016062628","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"issue":"7","key":"4077_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01302-7","volume":"46","author":"P Garc\u00eda-Abeijon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Abeijon P, Costa C, Taracido M et al (2023) Factors associated with underreporting of adverse drug reactions by health care professionals: a systematic review update. Drug Saf 46(7):625\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40264-023-01302-7","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"4077_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200932010-00002","volume":"32","author":"E Lopez-Gonzalez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lopez-Gonzalez E, Herdeiro MT, Figueiras A (2009) Determinants of under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. Drug Saf 32(1):19\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-200932010-00002","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"4077_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0564-9","volume":"65","author":"E Ekman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ekman E, B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m M (2009) Attitudes among hospital physicians to the reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65:43\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-008-0564-9","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4077_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-020-00287-3","volume":"14","author":"R Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain R, Hassali MA, Hashmi F, Akram T (2021) Exploring healthcare professionals\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmacovigilance: a cross-sectional survey. J Pharm Policy Pract 14(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40545-020-00287-3","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"4077_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1569291","volume":"49","author":"M Gahr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gahr M, Eller J, Connemann BJ, Sch\u00f6nfeldt-Lecuona C (2016) Subjective reasons for non-reporting of adverse drug reactions in a sample of physicians in outpatient care. Pharmacopsychiatry 49(2):57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1569291","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4077_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227712","volume":"15","author":"SS Nadew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nadew SS, Beyene KG, Beza SW (2020) Adverse drug reaction reporting practice and associated factors among medical physicians in government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 15(1):e0227712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0227712","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"4077_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00060.x","volume":"48","author":"IA Eland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eland IA et al (1999) Attitudinal survey of voluntary reporting of adverse drug reactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 48(4):623\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00060.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4077_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005869","volume":"4","author":"R Kiguba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kiguba R, Karamagi C, Waako P et al (2014) Recognition and reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions by surveyed healthcare professionals in Uganda: key determinants. BMJ Open 4(11):e005869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005869","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1090","key":"4077_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2015-133478","volume":"92","author":"TS Bexelius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bexelius TS, Olsson C, J\u00e4rnbert-Pettersson H et al (2016) Association between personality traits and future choice of specialisation among Swedish physicians: a cross-sectional study. Postgrad Med J 92(1090):441\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2015-133478","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"4077_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114147","volume":"180","author":"S Bindu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bindu S, Mazumder S, Bandyopadhyay U (2020) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and organ damage: a current perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 180:114147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114147","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"4077_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05588-3","volume":"44","author":"KB Almutairi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almutairi KB, Inderjeeth CA, Preen DB et al (2024) The temporal association between adverse drug reactions and antirheumatic drug utilisation in Western Australia. Rheumatol Int 44:1089\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05588-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"4077_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0032","volume":"77","author":"BAA Alsfouk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alsfouk BAA, Brodie MJ, Walters M et al (2020) Tolerability of antiseizure medications in individuals with newly diagnosed epilepsy. JAMA Neurol 77(5):574\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0032","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4077_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.05.013","volume":"136","author":"J Fanikos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fanikos J, Tawfik Y, Almheiri D et al (2023) Anticoagulation-associated adverse drug events in hospitalized patients across two time periods. Am J Med 136(9):927\u2013936e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.05.013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"4077_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2025.109262","volume":"461","author":"T Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu T, Zhao Z, Wang P et al (2025) Drug-induced hearing loss: a real-world pharmacovigilance study. Hear Res 461:109262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2025.109262","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"4077_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01161","volume":"10","author":"MA Barbieri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbieri MA, Cicala G, Cutroneo PM et al (2019) Ototoxic adverse drug reactions: a disproportionality analysis using the Italian spontaneous reporting database. Front Pharmacol 10:1161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2019.01161","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4077_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12572","volume":"40","author":"RE Ferner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferner RE (2015) Adverse drug reactions in dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol 40(2):105\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ced.12572","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4077_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer148","volume":"107","author":"G Haller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haller G, Courvoisier DS, Anderson H, Myles PS (2011) Clinical factors associated with the non-utilization of an anaesthesia incident reporting system. Br J Anaesth 107(2):171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aer148","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"4077_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2022\/55703.16567","author":"R Thangavelu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thangavelu R, Ranjan RV (2022) Adverse drug reactions and anaesthesia: a narrative review. J Clin Diagn Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2022\/55703.16567","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4077_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2025.10.004","volume":"27","author":"J Evans","year":"2026","unstructured":"Evans J et al (2026) Adverse drug reactions. Anaesth Intensive Care Med 27(1):54\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpaic.2025.10.004","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4077_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31822649e8","volume":"114","author":"GC Heard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heard GC, Sanderson PM, Thomas RD (2012) Barriers to adverse event and error reporting in anesthesia. Anesth Analg 114(3):604\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31822649e8","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4077_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e724","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00234-0","volume":"4","author":"M Denkinger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Denkinger M et al (2023) Inclusion of functional measures and frailty in the development and evaluation of medicines for older adults. Lancet Healthy Longev 4(12):e724\u2013e729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00234-0","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"4077_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.10.001","volume":"17","author":"S Watson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson S, Caster O, Rochon PA, den Ruijter H (2019) Reported adverse drug reactions in women and men: aggregated evidence from globally collected individual case reports during half a century. EClinicalMedicine 17:100188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.10.001","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4077_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12247-1","volume":"25","author":"K Heybati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heybati K, Chang A, Mohamud H et al (2025) The association between physician sex and patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 25(1):93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12247-1","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"4077_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae121","volume":"45","author":"L Harik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harik L, Yamamoto K, Kimura T et al (2024) Patient\u2013physician sex concordance and outcomes in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Eur Heart J 45(17):1505\u20131511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae121","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4077_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27527","volume":"129","author":"MMM Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan MMM, Munir MM, Woldesenbet S et al (2024) Association of surgeon-patient sex concordance with postoperative outcomes following complex cancer surgery. J Surg Oncol 129(3):489\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.27527","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4077_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-3163","volume":"177","author":"A Miyawaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miyawaki A, Jena AB, Rotenstein LS, Tsugawa Y (2024) Comparison of hospital mortality and readmission rates by physician and patient sex. Ann Intern Med 177(5):598\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M23-3163","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4077_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.031","volume":"77","author":"ES Lau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lau ES, Hayes SN, Volgman AS et al (2021) Does patient\u2013physician gender concordance influence patient perceptions or outcomes? J Am Coll Cardiol 77(8):1135\u20131138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.031","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4077_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001","volume":"22","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Losin EAR, Ashar YK et al (2021) Gender biases in estimation of others\u2019 pain. J Pain 22:1048\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"4077_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024199","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024199","volume":"11","author":"D Banco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Banco D, Chang J, Talmor N et al (2022) Sex and race differences in the evaluation and treatment of young adults presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. J Am Heart Assoc 11:e024199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.024199","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"4077_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.11.023","volume":"35","author":"H Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee H, Tan MK, Yan AT et al (2019) Association between patient and physician sex and physician-estimated stroke and bleeding risks in atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol 35:160\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.11.023","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"4077_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111295","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-111295","volume":"16","author":"S Moeschler","year":"2026","unstructured":"Moeschler S, Yi S, Clair C et al (2026) Comparison of in-hospital outcomes and processes of care by patient and physician sex. BMJ Open 16:e111295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-111295","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"4077_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5114\/aic.2023.129208","volume":"19","author":"A Dziewierz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dziewierz A, Vogel B, Zdzierak B et al (2023) Operator\u2013patient sex discordance and periprocedural outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention. Adv Interv Cardiol 19(2):113\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aic.2023.129208","journal-title":"Adv Interv Cardiol"},{"key":"4077_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215013272096722","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720967221","volume":"11","author":"M Fink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fink M, Klein K, Sayers K et al (2020) Objective data reveals gender preferences for patients\u2019 primary care physician. J Prim Care Community Health 11:2150132720967221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2150132720967221","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4077_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15312521","volume":"3","author":"D Roy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roy D (2025) Does gender-concordance matter when discussing sexual health with physicians? Utah J Commun 3(1):26\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15312521","journal-title":"Utah J Commun"},{"key":"4077_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116385","volume":"339","author":"KMN Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee KMN, Rushovich T, Gompers A et al (2023) A gender hypothesis of sex disparities in adverse drug events. Soc Sci Med 339:116385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116385","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4077_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.06.002","volume":"133","author":"GR Lorello","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lorello GR, Flexman AM (2024) A matter of life and death: physician gender and patient outcomes after surgery. Br J Anaesth 133(3):479\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.06.002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"4077_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70778","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70778","volume":"8","author":"TT Miao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miao TT, Ericsson M, Wastesson JW (2025) The prevalence of polypharmacy and the contribution of age, period, and cohort effects in Sweden from 2006 to 2020. Health Sci Rep 8(5):e70778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70778","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4077_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-024-01735-9","volume":"46","author":"L Van der Linden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van der Linden L, Tournoy J (2024) Prevalence and trends in polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy: a retrospective national database analysis (2012\u20132021). Int J Clin Pharm 46(4):987\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01735-9","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"4077_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030849","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1030849","volume":"14","author":"JW Wastesson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wastesson JW, Fritzell J, Burstr\u00f6m B et al (2023) Regional variations in excessive polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate drug use among older adults in Sweden: trends from 2006 to 2020. Front Pharmacol 14:1030849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1030849","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4077_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041330","volume":"14","author":"EG Bonanno","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bonanno EG, Figueiredo T, Mimoso IF et al (2025) Polypharmacy prevalence among older adults based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe: an update. J Clin Med 14(4):1330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14041330","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4077_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2236149","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36149","volume":"5","author":"SWJ Lau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lau SWJ, Huang Y, Hsieh J et al (2022) Participation of older adults in clinical trials for new drug applications and biologics license applications from 2010 through 2019. JAMA Netw Open 5(10):e2236149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36149","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4077_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.116349","volume":"249","author":"S Ghijs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghijs S, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B (2024) The continuing challenge of drug recalls: insights from a ten-year FDA data analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 249:116349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.116349","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"9","key":"4077_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-025-03862-2","volume":"81","author":"G Masili\u016bnien\u0117","year":"2025","unstructured":"Masili\u016bnien\u0117 G, Stankevi\u010dius E, Kadu\u0161evi\u010dius E (2025) Trends in adverse drug reaction reporting in eight selected countries after the implementation of new pharmacovigilance regulation in 2012: a joinpoint regression analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 81(9):1287\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-025-03862-2","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4077_CR47","unstructured":"L\u00e4kemedelsverket (2022) Annual statistics reports on ADR reporting from the Swedish Medical Products Agency. https:\/\/www.lakemedelsverket.se\/globalassets\/dokument\/publikationer\/biverkningsrapporter\/arsrapport-for-misstankta-biverkningar-for-humanlakemedel-2022.pdf"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04077-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04077-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04077-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:17:33Z","timestamp":1781072253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04077-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04077-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (No 2024-08700-01).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"146"}}