{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T07:26:40Z","timestamp":1787038000836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dosing of antibiotics proves to be both crucial and especially challenging in critically ill patients due to extracorporeal therapies. In this exploratory study, we compared the influence of the albumin based ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system to conventional continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) on linezolid serum concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 14 critically ill patients (8 ADVOS, 6 CVVHD) receiving linezolid 600\u00a0mg twice daily were analyzed, comprising 22 measurement cycles. Machine clearance was calculated by pre- and post-filter concentrations; total and patient clearance were estimated by area under the curve (AUC) calculations. Linezolid pharmacokinetics were evaluated by C\n                      <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                      and estimated AUC\n                      <jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>\n                      , considering target ranges. All parameters were compared between dialysis types.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Machine clearance was significantly higher in ADVOS than in CVVHD (median 3.4 vs. 1.6\u00a0L\/h,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), accounting for a higher share of total clearance (38.1% vs. 18.2%). Total clearance (9.3 vs. 10.4\u00a0L\/h) and patient clearance (6.7 vs. 8.4\u00a0L\/h) did not differ significantly, nor did AUC24 (250.9 vs. 221.2\u00a0mg\u00b7h\/L) or Cmin (4.6 vs. 4.0\u00a0mg\/L). A substantial proportion of subtherapeutic serum concentrations was observed in both groups (45.5% by AUC24 and 31.8% by Cmin).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This in-vivo study provides real-life data of linezolid levels in ICU-patients treated with conventional CVVHD and ADVOS. The high occurrence of subtherapeutic serum concentrations and a significant difference in dialysis capacities depending on dialysis type indicate the necessity of a tailored therapeutic drug monitoring approach in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-026-04129-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:43:28Z","timestamp":1783651408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of linezolid in critically ill patients dialyzed by ADVanced Organ Support compared to conventional continuous renal replacement therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Triebelhorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Erber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Ortner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland M.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Lahmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Dibos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187571","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7571","volume":"2","author":"C Rhee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhee C, Jones TM, Hamad Y, Pande A, Varon J, O\u2019Brien C, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prevention Epicenters Program et al (2019) Prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in US acute care hospitals. 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The sample collection was performed in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice and followed local regulatory requirements. In particular, the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Technical University of Munich (approval no. 2023-559-S-NP). Written informed consent was obtained from the patient or their legal representative.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Tobias Lahmer reports travel grants and speaking fees from Gilead, Pfizer, MSD, Cytosorbents, Fresenius, and ADVITOS unrelated to this research. Johanna Erber received lecture fees from Gilead Sciences, consultant fees from ADVANZ Pharma and travel grants from Gilead Sciences, Tillotts Pharma GmbH and ViiV Healthcare outside the submitted work. Julian Triebelhorn reports receiving travel grants and registrational fees from ADVITOS. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"5 transparency declarations","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"199"}}