{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:12:59Z","timestamp":1789456379905,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["93528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["93528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-026-04167-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:34:52Z","timestamp":1787877292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prescription duration of benzodiazepines: a retrospective cohort study of prescription duration in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1939-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Trimm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Teresa","family":"Moraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e4rbel","family":"Kn\u00e4uper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Rahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Gibson","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Tamblyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-025-01476-1","volume":"45","author":"K Trimm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trimm K, Moraga MT, Kn\u00e4uper B, Rahme E, Gibson McDonald E, Tamblyn R (2025) Off-label prescription of benzodiazepines: a retrospective cohort study of prescribing prevalence in primary care. Clin Drug Investig 45(10):793\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-025-01476-1","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"4167_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2009.00408.x","volume":"37","author":"R Dresser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dresser R, Frader J (2009) Off-label prescribing: a call for heightened professional and government oversight. J Law Med Ethics 37:476\u201386396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2009.00408.x","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"4167_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.6058","volume":"176","author":"T Eguale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eguale T, Buckeridge DL, Verma A et al (2016) Association of off-label drug use and adverse drug events in an adult population. JAMA Intern Med 176:55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.6058","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4167_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2348557","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.48557","volume":"6","author":"DT Maust","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maust DT, Petzold K, Strominger J, Kim HM, Bohnert ASB (2023) Benzodiazepine Discontinuation and Mortality Among Patients Receiving Long-Term Benzodiazepine Therapy. JAMA Netw Open 6(12):e2348557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.48557. PMID: 38117495; PMCID: PMC10733804","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"4167_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.09.003","volume":"30","author":"TA Kurko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kurko TA, Saastamoinen LK, T\u00e4hk\u00e4p\u00e4\u00e4 S, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Taiminen T, Tiihonen J, Airaksinen MS, Hietala J (2015) Long-term use of benzodiazepines: definitions, prevalence and usage patterns - a systematic review of register-based studies. Eur Psychiatry 30(8):1037\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.09.003","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"4167_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.4102\/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2181","volume":"30","author":"MA Tau","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tau MA, Moosa MYH, Jeenah FY (2024) Long-term benzodiazepine prescriptions in community psychiatry clinics. S Afr J Psychiatr 30:2181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2181. PMID: 38841713; PMCID: PMC11151410","journal-title":"S Afr J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"4167_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00688","volume":"4","author":"MM Tanguay Bernard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanguay Bernard MM, Luc M, Carrier JD, Fournier L, Duhoux A, C\u00f4t\u00e9 E, Lessard O, Gibeault C, Bocti C, Roberge P (2018) Patterns of benzodiazepines use in primary care adults with anxiety disorders. Heliyon 4(7):e00688 PMID: 29998202; PMCID: PMC6039319","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4167_CR8","first-page":"28","volume":"66","author":"CP O\u2019brien","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019brien CP (2005) Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence. J Clin Psychiatry 66(Suppl 2):28\u201333 PMID: 15762817","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53108.x","volume":"53","author":"R Tamblyn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tamblyn R, Abrahamowicz M, du Berger R, McLeod P, Bartlett G (2005) A 5-year prospective assessment of the risk associated with individual benzodiazepines and doses in new elderly users. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(2):233\u201341","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"4167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1887","volume":"13","author":"R Tamblyn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tamblyn R, Huang A, Kawasumi Y et al (2006) The development and evaluation of an integrated electronic prescribing and drug management system for primary care. J Am Med Inform Assoc 13:148\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1197\/jamia.M1887","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"4167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2165\/11534580-000000000-00000","volume":"33","author":"T Eguale","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eguale T, Winslade N, Hanley JA, Buckeridge DL, Tamblyn R (2010) Enhancing pharmaco-surveillance with systematic collection of treatment indication in electronic prescribing: a validation study in Canada. Drug Saf 33:559\u201367","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"4167_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e016215","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.016215","volume":"10","author":"JA Rymer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rymer JA, Fonseca E, Bhandary DD, Kumar D, Khan ND, Wang TY (2021) Difference in Medication Adherence Between Patients Prescribed a 30-Day Versus 90-Day Supply After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 10(1):e016215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.016215. Epub 2020 Dec 21. PMID: 33342227; PMCID: PMC7955468","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"4167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4614","volume":"6","author":"A Mokhar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mokhar A, Tillenburg N, Dirmaier J, Kuhn S, H\u00e4rter M, Verthein U (2018) Potentially inappropriate use of benzodiazepines and z-drugs in the older population\u2014analysis of associations between long-term use and patient-related factors. PeerJ 6:e4614","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"22","key":"4167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.22.2716","volume":"163","author":"DM Fick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, Waller JL, Maclean JR, Beers MH (2003) Updating the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults: Results of a US Consensus Panel of Experts. Arch Intern Med 163(22):2716\u20132724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.163.22.2716","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4167_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18165","volume":"71","author":"J Hwang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hwang J, Lyu B, Ballew S, Coresh J, Grams ME, Couper D, Lutsey P, Shin JI (2023) The association between socioeconomic status and use of potentially inappropriate medications in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 71(4):1156\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.18165","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4167_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.1.9","volume":"15","author":"Q He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He Q, Chen X, Wu T, Li L, Fei X (2019) Risk of dementia in long-term benzodiazepine users: evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Neurol 15(1):9\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.1.9","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4167_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127836","volume":"10","author":"G Zhong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhong G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y (2015) Association between Benzodiazepine Use and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0127836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127836. PMID: 26016483; PMCID: PMC4446315","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4167_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amari DT, Juday T, Frech FH, Wang W, Wu Z, Atkins N Jr, Wickwire EM (2022) Falls, healthcare resources and costs in older adults with insomnia treated with zolpidem, trazodone, or benzodiazepines. BMC Geriatr 22(1):484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03165-6"},{"issue":"7526","key":"4167_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38623.768588.47","volume":"331","author":"J Glass","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glass J, Lanct\u00f4t KL, Herrmann N, Sproule BA, Busto UE (2005) Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefts. BMJ (Clinical Res ed) 331(7526):1169","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061","volume":"106","author":"MA Bachhuber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bachhuber MA, Hennessy S, Cunningham CO, Starrels JL (2016) Increasing benzodiazepine prescriptions and overdose mortality in the United States, 1996\u20132013. Am J Public Health 106(4):686\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"4167_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.09.010","volume":"38","author":"JL Schroeck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schroeck JL, Ford J, Conway EL et al (2016) Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clin Ther 38(11):2340\u20132372","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-1","volume":"10","author":"G Bartlett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartlett G, Abrahamowicz M, Grad R, Sylvestre MP, Tamblyn R (2009) Association between risk factors for injurious falls and new benzodiazepine prescribing in elderly persons. BMC Fam Pract 10(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"6900","key":"4167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.363","volume":"307","author":"FW n der Waals","year":"1993","unstructured":"n der Waals FW, Mohrs J, Foets M (1993) Sex differences among recipients of benzodiazepines in Dutch general practice. BMJ 307(6900):363\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.363. PMID: 8104066; PMCID: PMC1678235","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"4167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.55633\/s3me\/025.2025","volume":"37","author":"J Ruiz Ramos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruiz Ramos J, Santolaya Perr\u00edn R, Garc\u00eda Mart\u00edn M\u00c1, Castellanos Clemente Y, Alonso D\u00edez M, Lorenzo Pinto A, Such D\u00edaz A, Fern\u00e1ndez de Sim\u00f3n Almela A, Sempere Serrano P, Su\u00e1rez-Lled\u00f3 Grande A, Calz\u00f3n Blanco C (2025) Adverse drug events associated with emergency departments visits. Emergencias 37(3):196\u2013202. . Spanish, English https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55633\/s3me\/025.2025. PMID: 40531119","journal-title":"Emergencias"},{"issue":"3","key":"4167_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15717","volume":"67","author":"JW Wastesson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wastesson JW, Morin L, Laroche ML, Johnell K (2019) How Chronic Is Polypharmacy in Old Age? A Longitudinal Nationwide Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 67(3):455\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15717. Epub 2018 Dec 21. PMID: 30575952","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"4167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01989-4","volume":"56","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2021","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Chen VC, Lee Y, Lui LMW, Majeed A, Subramaniapillai M, Mansur RB, Rosenblat JD, Yang YH, Chen YL (2021) The influence of prescriber and patient gender on the prescription of benzodiazepines: evidence for stereotypes and biases? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 56(6):1083\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01989-4","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4167_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0205524","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205524","volume":"13","author":"PA Rochon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rochon PA, Gruneir A, Bell CM, Savage R, Gill SS, Wu W, Giannakeas V, Stall NM, Seitz DP, Normand SL, Zhu L, Herrmann N, McCarthy L, Faulkner C, Gurwitz JH, Austin PC, Bronskill SE (2018) Comparison of prescribing practices for older adults treated by female versus male physicians: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 13(10):e0205524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0205524. PMID: 30346974; PMCID: PMC6197851","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"4167_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003291","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003291","volume":"3","author":"G Kamarudin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamarudin G, Penm J, Chaar B, Moles R (2013) Educational interventions to improve prescribing competency: a systematic review. BMJ Open 3(8):e003291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003291. PMID: 23996821; PMCID: PMC3758972","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"4167_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4263","volume":"26","author":"K Schmidt-Mende","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmidt-Mende K, Andersen M, Wettermark B, Hasselstr\u00f6m J (2017) Educational intervention on medication reviews aiming to reduce acute healthcare consumption in elderly patients with potentially inappropriate medicines-A pragmatic open-label cluster-randomized controlled trial in primary care. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 26(11):1347\u20131356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4263","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"4167_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2517965","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.17965","volume":"8","author":"N Persaud","year":"2025","unstructured":"Persaud N, Workentin A, Rizvi A, Pierson T, Bortolussi-Courval \u00c9, Liu K, Bennett A, Shaver N, Skidmore B, Vyas N, Pap R, Almoli F, Lee TC, Sirois C, McCracken RK, Papillon-Ferland L, McDonald EG (2025) Interventions to Address Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing for Older Primary Care Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 8(6):e2517965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.17965. PMID: 40577011; PMCID: PMC12205406","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"4167_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05816-x","volume":"24","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Furihata R, Hasegawa N, Kodaka F, Muraoka H, Ichihashi K, Ochi S, Numata S, Tsuboi T, Makinodan M, Iida H, Onitsuka T, Kashiwagi H, Takeshima M, Hashimoto N, Nagasawa T, Usami M, Yamagata H, Takaesu Y, Miura K, Matsumoto J, Ohi K, Yamada H, Hori H, Inada K, Watanabe K, Hashimoto R, Yasui-Furukori N (2024) The effect of education regarding treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorders on psychiatrists\u2019 hypnotic medication prescribing behavior: a multicenter study. BMC Psychiatry 24(1):399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-05816-x. PMID: 38807065; PMCID: PMC11135008","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"4167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1825","volume":"18","author":"DT Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen DT, Wynia MK, Moloney RM, Alexander GC (2009) U.S. physician knowledge of the FDA-approved indications and evidence base for commonly prescribed drugs: results of a national survey. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 18:1094\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1825","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04167-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04167-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04167-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:47:28Z","timestamp":1789454848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04167-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-026-04167-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics for this research was granted by the McGill REB Office (study # A01-B02-02A), the Capitale Nationale Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre (study # 2011-2012-14), and the West-Central Montreal Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre (study # 16-100). Research was conducted in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.Consent was obtained for all patients and physicians that participated in this research. Participant consent for publication was not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"241"}}