{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:11:22Z","timestamp":1793041882647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"No funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T01:36:49Z","timestamp":1456537009000},"page":"543-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Imaging of the Eustachian tube and its function: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Scoffings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Tysome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2012.1293","volume":"138","author":"CM Alper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alper CM, Swarts JD, Singla A, Banks J, Doyle WJ (2012) Relationship between the electromyographic activity of the paratubal muscles and eustachian tube opening assessed by sonotubometry and videoendoscopy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 138:741\u2013746","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"1663_CR2","volume-title":"Eustachian tube structure, function, role in otitis media","author":"CD Bluestone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bluestone CD (2005) Eustachian tube structure, function, role in otitis media. BC Decker, Hamilton"},{"key":"1663_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23223","volume":"122","author":"ED McCoul","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCoul ED, Anand VK, Christos PJ (2012) Validating the clinical assessment of eustachian tube dysfunction: the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7). Laryngoscope 122:1137\u20131141","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1663_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000320","volume":"35","author":"MD Brace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brace MD, Horwich P, Kirkpatrick D, Bance M (2014) Tympanic membrane manipulation to treat symptoms of patulous eustachian tube. Otol Neurotol 35:1201\u20131206","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"1663_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12428","volume":"40","author":"ME Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith ME, Tysome JR (2015) Tests of eustachian tube function: a review. Clin Otolaryngol 40:300\u2013311","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12220","volume":"39","author":"G Norman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Norman G, Llewellyn A, Harden M, Coatesworth A, Kimberling D, Schilder A, McDaid C (2014) Systematic review of the limited evidence base for treatments of eustachian tube dysfunction: a health technology assessment. Clin Otolaryngol 39:6\u201321","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12195","volume":"38","author":"BJ Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller BJ, Elhassan HA (2013) Balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube: an evidence-based review of case series for those considering its use. Clin Otolaryngol 38:525\u2013532","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00417-9","volume":"43","author":"K Sakata","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakata K, Hareyama M, Tamakawa M, Oouchi A, Sido M, Nagakura H, Akiba H, Koito K, Himi T, Asakura K (1999) Prognostic factors of nasopharynx tumors investigated by MR imaging and the value of MR imaging in the newly published TNM staging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43:273\u2013278","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1663_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113000923","volume":"127","author":"F Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang F, Sha Y (2013) Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings for primary middle-ear carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol 127:578\u2013583","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"1663_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810700701","volume":"107","author":"M Sudo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sudo M, Sando I, Suzuki C (1998) Three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement study of human eustachian tube structures: a hypothesis of eustachian tube function. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107:547\u2013554","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.3.3615883","volume":"164","author":"LM Teresi","year":"1987","unstructured":"Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Vinuela F, Dietrich RB, Wilson GH, Bentson JR, Hanafee WN (1987) MR imaging of the nasopharynx and floor of the middle cranial fossa. Part I. Normal anatomy. Radiology 164:811\u2013816","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1663_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711600910","volume":"116","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Takahashi H, Morikawa M, Kobayashi T (2007) Anatomy of the bony portion of the eustachian tube in tubal stenosis: multiplanar reconstruction approach. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116:681\u2013686","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00292-X","volume":"52","author":"K Takasaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takasaki K, Sando I, Balaban CD, Ishijima K (2000) Postnatal development of eustachian tube cartilage. A study of normal and cleft palate cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 52:31\u201336","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318058a09f","volume":"117","author":"K Takasaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takasaki K, Takahashi H, Miyamoto I, Yoshida H, Yamamoto-Fukuda T, Enatsu K, Kumagami H (2007) Measurement of angle and length of the eustachian tube on computed tomography using the multiplanar reconstruction technique. Laryngoscope 117:1251\u20131254","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1663_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900603","volume":"109","author":"K Ishijima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ishijima K, Sando I, Balaban C, Suzuki C, Takasaki K (2000) Length of the eustachian tube and its postnatal development: computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 109:542\u2013548","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR16","first-page":"444","volume":"35","author":"Y Robert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Robert Y, Gaillandre L, Chaillet N, Francke JP (1992) Anatomy of the auditory tube: CT scan and MRI aspect. Ann Radiol (Paris) 35:444\u2013452","journal-title":"Ann Radiol (Paris)"},{"key":"1663_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01630616","volume":"20","author":"JM Prades","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prades JM, Dumollard JM, Calloc\u2019h F, Merzougui N, Veyret C, Martin C (1998) Descriptive anatomy of the human auditory tube. Surg Radiol Anat 20:335\u2013340","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"1663_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-998747","volume":"66","author":"G Oberascher","year":"1987","unstructured":"Oberascher G, Grobovschek M (1987) The eustachian tube in HR computerized tomography. Imaging in the adult. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg) 66:605\u2013609","journal-title":"Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg)"},{"key":"1663_CR19","first-page":"455","volume":"35","author":"G Oberascher","year":"1987","unstructured":"Oberascher G, Grobovschek M (1987) The eustachian tube in HR computerized tomography. Imaging in the fetus, newborn infant and infant. HNO 35:455\u2013461","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"1663_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1987.01860120027001","volume":"113","author":"Y Naito","year":"1987","unstructured":"Naito Y, Hirono Y, Honjo I, Mori C, Hoshino K, Nishimura K, Nakano Y (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging of the eustachian tube. A correlative anatomical study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113:1281\u20131284","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"1663_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1996.15.10.673","volume":"15","author":"G Helweg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Helweg G, Frauscher F, Sprinzl GM, Gotwald T, V\u00f6lklein C, Knapp RJ, S\u00f6gner PF, Maurer H, Frede TE, zur Nedden D (1996) Anatomy of the eustachian tube as demonstrated by endoluminal ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 15:673\u2013678","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"1663_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.8.4.3175082","volume":"8","author":"SE Rubesin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rubesin SE, Rabischong P, Bilaniuk LT, Laufer I, Levine MS (1988) Contrast examination of the soft palate with cross sectional correlation. Radiographics 8:641\u2013665","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1663_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00047-6","volume":"35","author":"GR Licameli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Licameli GR (2002) The eustachian tube. Update on anatomy, development, and function. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 35:803\u2013809","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin N Am"},{"key":"1663_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2303-3","volume":"22","author":"A Lukens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lukens A, Dimartino E, Gunther RW, Krombach GA (2012) Functional MR imaging of the eustachian tube in patients with clinically proven dysfunction: correlation with lesions detected on MR images. Eur Radiol 22:533\u2013538","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1663_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701596054","volume":"128","author":"T Oshima","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oshima T, Kikuchi T, Hori Y, Kawase T, Kobayashi T (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging of the eustachian tube cartilage. Acta Otolaryngol 128:510\u2013514","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(86)80015-1","volume":"7","author":"Y Naito","year":"1986","unstructured":"Naito Y, Honjo I, Nishimura K, Torizuka K (1986) Magnetic resonance imaging around the eustachian tube. Am J Otolaryngol 7:402\u2013406","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR27","first-page":"440","volume":"39","author":"H Amoodi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amoodi H, Bance M, Thamboo A (2010) Magnetic resonance imaging illustrating change in the Ostmann fat pad with age. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 39:440\u2013441","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"1663_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0435-5","volume":"265","author":"T Sapci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sapci T, Mercangoz E, Evcimik MF, Karavus A, Gozke E (2008) The evaluation of the tensor veli palatini muscle function with electromyography in chronic middle ear diseases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265:271\u2013278","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2091-7","volume":"270","author":"KH Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang KH, Jun BC, Jeon EJ, Park YS (2013) Functional evaluation of paratubal muscles using electromyography in patients with chronic unilateral tubal dysfunction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270:1217\u20131221","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949210100211","volume":"101","author":"S Matsune","year":"1992","unstructured":"Matsune S, Sando I, Takahashi H (1992) Elastin at the hinge portion of the eustachian tube cartilage in specimens from normal subjects and those with cleft palate. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 101:163\u2013167","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410017422","volume":"124","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Kobayashi T, Takasaki K, Takahashi H, Ishimaru H, Morikawa M, Hayashi K (2004) Imaging of the patulous eustachian tube: high-resolution CT evaluation with multiplanar reconstruction technique. Acta Otolaryngol 124:918\u2013923","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1663_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(85)80100-0","volume":"12","author":"J Kanzaki","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kanzaki J, Taiji H, Kanke H, Shiga H (1985) Evaluation of the eustachian tube in normal subjects and in patients with otitis media with effusion by high resolution computerized tomography. Auris Nasus Larynx 12(Suppl 1):S52\u2013S54","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"1663_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200404000-00011","volume":"114","author":"A Jen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jen A, Sanelli PC, Banthia V, Victor JD, Selesnick SH (2004) Relationship of petrous temporal bone pneumatization to the eustachian tube lumen. Laryngoscope 114:656\u2013660","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1663_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(96)90021-6","volume":"17","author":"L Saim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saim L, McKenna MJ, Nadol JB Jr (1996) Tubal and tympanic openings of the peritubal cells: implications for cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhea. Am J Otol 17:335\u2013339","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"1663_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.12.398","volume":"117","author":"AB Jadhav","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jadhav AB, Fellows D, Hand AR, Tadinada A, Lurie AG (2014) Classification and volumetric analysis of temporal bone pneumatization using cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 117:376\u2013384","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"1663_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-011-0874-y","volume":"34","author":"G Zhen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhen G, Fang-lu C, Pei-dong D (2012) The anatomic relationship around the horizontal segment of petrous internal carotid artery: a study based on reconstructed computed tomography angiography. Surg Radiol Anat 34:695\u2013700","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"1663_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000214","volume":"35","author":"T Abdel-Aziz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdel-Aziz T, Schroder S, Lehmann M, Gehl HB, Ebmeyer J, Sudhoff H (2014) Computed tomography before balloon eustachian tuboplasty\u2014a true necessity? Otol Neurotol 35:635\u2013638","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"1663_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-013-2712-5","volume":"61","author":"M Tisch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tisch M, Storrle P, Danz B, Maier H (2013) Role of imaging before eustachian tube dilation using the Bielefeld balloon catheter. HNO 61:488\u2013491","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"1663_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627923","volume":"16","author":"Y Robert","year":"1994","unstructured":"Robert Y, Rocourt N, Gaillandre L, Lemaitre L, Francke JP (1994) Serial anatomy of the auditory tube: correlation to CT and MR imaging. Surg Radiol Anat 16:63\u201369","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"1663_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00463568","volume":"246","author":"S Conticello","year":"1989","unstructured":"Conticello S, Saita V, Ferlito S, Paterno A (1989) Computed tomography in the study of the eustachian tube. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 246:259\u2013261","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR41","first-page":"1413","volume":"29","author":"Y Liang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liang Y, Yan JJ (2009) Functional evaluation of eustachian tube in patients with otitis media using multi-slice spiral CT and impedance audiometry. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 29:1413\u20131416","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"1663_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091002300308","volume":"23","author":"LT Tsai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsai LT, Wang CY, Lo YC, Lin CD, Tsai MH (2010) Three-dimensional image analysis of the temporal bone in patients with unilateral attic cholesteatoma. Neuroradiol J 23:307\u2013312","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"1663_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100112526","volume":"104","author":"NS Tolley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tolley NS, Phelps P (1990) Patulous eustachian tube: a radiological perspective. J Laryngol Otol 104:291\u2013293","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"1663_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(03)00006-3","volume":"30","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Kobayashi T, Morikawa M, Hayashi K, Tsujii H, Sasaki Y (2003) CT imaging of the patulous eustachian tube\u2014comparison between sitting and recumbent positions. Auris Nasus Larynx 30:135\u2013140","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"1663_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000265939","volume":"71","author":"T Kikuchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kikuchi T, Oshima T, Hori Y, Kawase T, Kobayashi T (2009) Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of the eustachian tube lumen in patients with patulous eustachian tube. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 71:312\u2013316","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"1663_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31827d0963","volume":"34","author":"S Yoshioka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoshioka S, Naito K, Fujii N, Katada K (2013) Movement of the eustachian tube during sniffing in patients with patulous eustachian tube: evaluation using a 320-row area detector CT scanner. Otol Neurotol 34:877\u2013883","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"1663_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000171","volume":"35","author":"AM Oonk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oonk AM, Steens SC, Pennings RJ (2014) Radiologic confirmation of patulous eustachian tube by recumbent computed tomography. Otol Neurotol 35:e117\u2013e118","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"1663_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113003599","volume":"128","author":"JC Rodrigues","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodrigues JC, Waddell A, Cook JL (2014) A novel, computed tomography guided, trans-cutaneous approach to treat refractory autophony in a patient with a patulous eustachian tube. J Laryngol Otol 128:182\u2013184","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"1663_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197008000-00003","volume":"80","author":"SC Parisier","year":"1970","unstructured":"Parisier SC, Khilnani MT (1970) The roentgenographic evaluation of eustachian tubal function. Laryngoscope 80:1201\u20131211","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1663_CR50","first-page":"1","volume":"80","author":"CD Bluestone","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bluestone CD (1971) Eustachian tube obstruction in the infant with cleft palate. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 80(Suppl 2):1\u201330","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR51","first-page":"357","volume":"9","author":"H Gaafar","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gaafar H, el Deeb AK, Abdel-Baki F, el-Henawi D (1988) Flexible endoscopy and radiologic evaluation of the eustachian tube in adults with eustachian tube dysfunction. Am J Otol 9:357\u2013362","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"1663_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000276266","volume":"54","author":"G Paludetti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Paludetti G, Di Nardo W, Galli J, De Rossi G, Almadori G (1992) Functional study of the eustachian tube with sequential scintigraphy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 54:76\u201379","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"1663_CR53","first-page":"66","volume":"38","author":"W Brenner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Kroker B, Peters W, Wolf H, Sippel C, Clausen M, Godbersen GS, Henze E (1997) Ventilation scintigraphy of the middle ear. J Nucl Med 38:66\u201370","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"1663_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100144366","volume":"113","author":"RM Karasen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karasen RM, Varoglu E, Yildirim M, Eryilmaz K, Sutbeyaz Y, Sirin S (1999) Evaluation of eustachian tube function with ventilation scintigraphy by using 133 Xe gas. J Laryngol Otol 113:509\u2013511","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"1663_CR55","first-page":"123","volume":"120","author":"Z Celen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Celen Z, Kanlykama M, Bayazit AY, Mumbuc BS, Zincirkeser S, Ozbay E (1999) Scintigraphic evaluation of the eustachian tube functions. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 120:123\u2013125","journal-title":"Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord)"},{"key":"1663_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2010.3.2.59","volume":"3","author":"HJ Shim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shim HJ, Choi AY, Yoon SW, Kwon KH, Yeo SG (2010) The value of measuring eustachian tube aeration on temporal bone CT in patients with chronic otitis media. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 3:59\u201364","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR57","first-page":"93","volume":"9","author":"CD Bluestone","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bluestone CD, Wittel RA, Paradise JL (1972) Roentgenographic evaluation of eustachian tube function in infants with cleft and normal palates. Cleft Palate J 9:93\u2013100","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"1663_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1981.00790420024005","volume":"107","author":"I Honjo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Honjo I, Ushiro K, Okazaki N, Kumazawa T (1981) Evaluation of eustachian tube function by contrast roentgenography. Arch Otolaryngol 107:350\u2013352","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR59","first-page":"1194","volume":"89","author":"MH Wittenborg","year":"1963","unstructured":"Wittenborg MH, Neuhauser EB (1963) Simple roentgeno-graphic demonstration of eustachian tubes and abnormalities. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 89:1194\u20131200","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"1663_CR60","first-page":"497","volume":"25","author":"LH Bowers","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bowers LH, Weber SC, Cantrell RW (1974) Evaluation of eustachian tube function by tantalum powder. Surg Forum 25:497\u2013499","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"key":"1663_CR61","first-page":"31","volume":"103","author":"N Sprem","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sprem N, Subotic R, Schuster E (1986) Radiological study of the permeability of the eustachian tube. Personal procedure. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 103:31\u201333","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac"},{"key":"1663_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-015-0065-9","volume":"13","author":"J Zou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zou J, Hannula M, Misra S, Feng H, Labrador R, Aula AS, Hyttinen J, Pyykko I (2015) Micro CT visualization of silver nanoparticles in the middle and inner ear of rat and transportation pathway after transtympanic injection. J Nanobiotechnol 13:5","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"1663_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarabichi M, Najmi M (2014) Visualization of the eustachian tube lumen with Valsalva computed tomography. Laryngoscope","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24979"},{"key":"1663_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25330","volume":"125","author":"M Tarabichi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tarabichi M, Najmi M (2015) Site of eustachian tube obstruction in chronic ear disease. Laryngoscope 125:2572\u20132575","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1663_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1829-y","volume":"269","author":"MH McDonald","year":"2012","unstructured":"McDonald MH, Hoffman MR, Gentry LR, Jiang JJ (2012) New insights into mechanism of eustachian tube ventilation based on cine computed tomography images. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 269:1901\u20131907","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009124808","volume":"471","author":"H Niwa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Niwa H, Takahashi M, Yanagita N, Naganawa S (1990) Evaluation of clearance function of the eustachian tube by sequential contrast CT. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 471:43\u201350","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"1663_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050100410","volume":"259","author":"TS Karhuketo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karhuketo TS, Dastidar PS, Ryymin PS, Laasonen EM, Puhakka HJ (2002) Virtual endoscopy imaging of the middle ear cavity and ossicles. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 259:77\u201383","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR68","first-page":"748","volume":"172","author":"GA Krombach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krombach GA, Di Martino E, Nolte-Ernsting C, Schmitz-Rode T, Prescher A, Westhofen M, Gunther RW (2000) Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography imaging and functional diagnosis of the eustachian auditory tube. R\u00f6fo 172:748\u2013752","journal-title":"R\u00f6fo"},{"key":"1663_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600987818","volume":"127","author":"T Oshima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oshima T, Ogura M, Kikuchi T, Hori Y, Mugikura S, Higano S, Takahashi S, Kawase T, Kobayashi T (2007) Involvement of pterygoid venous plexus in patulous eustachian tube symptoms. Acta Otolaryngol 127:693\u2013699","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199908000-00004","volume":"104","author":"Y Yamawaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamawaki Y, Nishimura Y, Suzuki Y (1999) eustachian tube cartilage and medial movement of lateral pharyngeal wall on phonation. Plast Reconstr Surg 104:350\u2013356","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1663_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200210000-00016","volume":"112","author":"R Leuwer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leuwer R, Schubert R, Kucinski T, Liebig T, Maier H (2002) The muscular compliance of the auditory tube: a model-based survey. Laryngoscope 112:1791\u20131795","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1663_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909801104","volume":"98","author":"D Sadler-Kimes","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sadler-Kimes D, Siegel MI, Todhunter JS (1989) Age-related morphologic differences in the components of the eustachian tube\/middle ear system. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 98:854\u2013858","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1663_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1597\/09-131","volume":"47","author":"FJ Sheer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheer FJ, Swarts JD, Ghadiali SN (2010) Finite element analysis of eustachian tube function in cleft palate infants based on histological reconstructions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 47:600\u2013610","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"1663_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.09.008","volume":"34","author":"FJ Sheer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheer FJ, Swarts JD, Ghadiali SN (2012) Three-dimensional finite element analysis of eustachian tube function under normal and pathological conditions. Med Eng Phys 34:605\u2013616","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"1663_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta18460","volume":"18","author":"A Llewellyn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Llewellyn A, Norman G, Harden M, Coatesworth A, Kimberling D, Schilder A, McDaid C (2014) Interventions for adult eustachian tube dysfunction: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 18:1\u2013180, v\u2013vi","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"1663_CR76","first-page":"221","volume":"228","author":"S Ingelstedt","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ingelstedt S, Ivarsson JB (1967) Mechanics of the human middle ear. Pressure regulation in aviation and diving. A non-traumatic method. Acta Otolaryngol:Suppl 228:221\u2013258","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol:Suppl"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T10:02:50Z","timestamp":1654423370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3940","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]}}}