{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T15:36:03Z","timestamp":1759073763721,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Foundation of Science and Technology","award":["2019YFS0428","2013SZ0047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFS0428","2013SZ0047"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the National Research Center of Geriatrics","award":["Z2018A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2018A07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02694-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T17:02:34Z","timestamp":1616518954000},"page":"1539-1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative 1H-MRS reveals metabolic difference between subcategories of malformations of cortical development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Qiaoyue","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaiqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8480-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v7.i10.329","volume":"7","author":"B Battal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Battal B, Ince S, Akgun V, Kocaoglu M, Ozcan E, Tasar M (2015) Malformations of cortical development: 3T magnetic resonance imaging features. World J Radiol 7(10):329\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4329\/wjr.v7.i10.329","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2694_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d","volume":"65","author":"AJ Barkovich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB (2005) A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development. Neurology 65(12):1873\u20131887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws019","volume":"135","author":"AJ Barkovich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, Dobyns WB (2012) A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain 135(5):1348\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aws019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x2011000100024","volume":"69","author":"A Celi Santos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Celi Santos A (2011) Malformations of cortical development: current concepts and advanced neuroimaging review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 69(1):130\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-282x2011000100024","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0511","volume":"28","author":"CC Leite","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leite CC, Lucato LT, Sato JR, Valente KD, Otaduy MCG (2007) Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy in malformations of cortical development. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28(6):1071\u20131075; discussion 1076-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A0511","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.50.3.755","volume":"50","author":"LM Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li LM, Cendes F, Bastos AC, Andermann F, Dubeau F, Arnold DL (1998) Neuronal metabolic dysfunction in patients with cortical developmental malformations: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. Neurology 50(3):755\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.50.3.755","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.33901.x","volume":"44","author":"M Munakata","year":"2003","unstructured":"Munakata M, Haginoya K, Soga T, Yokoyama H, Noguchi R, Nagasaka T, Murata T, Higano S, Takahashi S, Iinuma K (2003) Metabolic properties of band heterotopia differ from those of other cortical dysplasias: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Epilepsia 44(3):366\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.33901.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.47.6.1571","volume":"47","author":"L Marsh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marsh L, Lim KO, Sullivan EV, Lane B, Spielman D (1996) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a gray matter heterotopia. Neurology 47(6):1571\u20131574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.47.6.1571","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2694_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00793.x","volume":"40","author":"IL Simone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Simone IL, Federico F, Tortorella C, De Blasi R, Bellomo R, Lucivero V et al (1999) Metabolic changes in neuronal migration disorders: evaluation by combined MRI and proton MR spectroscopy. Epilepsia 40(7):872\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00793.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2694_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.2.427","volume":"124","author":"FG Woermann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Woermann FG, McLean MA, Bartlett PA, Barker GJ, Duncan JS (2001) Quantitative short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of malformations of cortical development causing epilepsy. Brain 124(Pt 2):427\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/124.2.427","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2694_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.02.002","volume":"74","author":"RJ Simister","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simister RJ, McLean MA, Barker GJ, Duncan JS (2007) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of malformations of cortical development causing epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 74:107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.02.002","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00025.x","volume":"16","author":"P Widdess-Walsh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Widdess-Walsh P, Diehl B, Najm I (2006) Neuroimaging of focal cortical dysplasia. J Neuroimaging 16(3):185\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00025.x","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2694_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.08.008","volume":"32","author":"HJ Tschampa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tschampa HJ, Urbach H, Traber F, Sprinkart AM, Greschus S, Malter MP (2015) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in focal cortical dysplasia at 3T. Seizure 32:23\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.08.008","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"9","key":"2694_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0819-7","volume":"252","author":"SG Mueller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mueller SG, Laxer KD, Barakos JA, Cashdollar N, Flenniken DL, Vermathen P (2005) Metabolic characteristics of cortical malformations causing epilepsy. J Neurol 252(9):1082\u20131092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-005-0819-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2694_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70040-7","volume":"13","author":"R Guerrini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guerrini R, Dobyns WB (2014) Malformations of cortical development: clinical features and genetic causes. Lancet Neurol 13(7):710\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70040-7","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2694_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100548","volume":"43","author":"T Kaminaga","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaminaga T, Kobayashi M, Abe T (2001) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in disturbances of cortical development. Neuroradiology 43(7):575\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002340100548","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.48.4.1018","volume":"48","author":"R Kuzniecky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuzniecky R, Hetherington H, Pan J, Hugg J, Palmer C, Gilliam F, Faught E, Morawetz R (1997) Proton spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 tesla in patients with malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Neurology 48(4):1018\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.48.4.1018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725x(93)90418-d","volume":"11","author":"P Christiansen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Christiansen P, Henriksen O, Stubgaard M, Gideon P, Larsson HB (1993) In vivo quantification of brain metabolites by 1H-MRS using water as an internal standard. Magn Reson Imaging 11(1):107\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0730-725x(93)90418-d","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"2694_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725x(95)02033-p","volume":"13","author":"OA Petroff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Petroff OA, Pleban LA, Spencer DD (1995) Symbiosis between in vivo and in vitro NMR spectroscopy: the creatine, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and GABA content of the epileptic human brain. Magn Reson Imaging 13(8):1197\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0730-725x(95)02033-p","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199910000-00019","volume":"46","author":"PJ Pouwels","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pouwels PJ, Brockmann K, Kruse B, Wilken B, Wick M, Hanefeld F et al (1999) Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatr Res 46(4):474\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/00006450-199910000-00019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"M Castillo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Castillo M, Kwock L, Mukherji SK (1996) Clinical applications of proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17(1):1\u201315","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x2011000100024","volume":"69","author":"CS Andrade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrade CS, Leite Cda C (2011) Malformations of cortical development: current concepts and advanced neuroimaging review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 69(1):130\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-282x2011000100024","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2694_CR23","first-page":"S73","volume":"5","author":"JH Cross","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cross JH (2003) Functional neuroimaging of malformations of cortical development. Epileptic Disord 5(Suppl 2):S73\u2013S80","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"2694_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02292.x","volume":"50","author":"N Madan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madan N, Grant PE (2009) New directions in clinical imaging of cortical dysplasias. Epilepsia 50(Suppl 9):9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02292.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<369::aid-ana13>3.0.co;2-q","volume":"45","author":"FG Woermann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Woermann FG, McLean MA, Bartlett PA, Barker GJ, Duncan JS (1999) Short echo time single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in magnetic resonance imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy: different biochemical profile compared with hippocampal sclerosis. Ann Neurol 45(3):369\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<369::aid-ana13>3.0.co;2-q","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2694_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000086903.69738.dc","volume":"61","author":"RJ Simister","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simister RJ, McLean MA, Barker GJ, Duncan JS (2003) Proton MRS reveals frontal lobe metabolite abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Neurology 61(7):897\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000086903.69738.dc","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.1\/rjleventer","volume":"10","author":"RJ Leventer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leventer RJ, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB (2008) Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 10(1):47\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.1\/rjleventer","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2694_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012927","volume":"14","author":"G Juric-Sekhar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Juric-Sekhar G, Hevner RF (2019) Malformations of cerebral cortex development: molecules and mechanisms. Annu Rev Pathol 14:293\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012927","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2694_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.2.219","volume":"122","author":"AJ Hannan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hannan AJ, Servotte S, Katsnelson A, Sisodiya S, Blakemore C, Squier M, Moln\u00e1r Z (1999) Characterization of nodular neuronal heterotopia in children. Brain 122(Pt 2):219\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/122.2.219","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"2694_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050367","volume":"55","author":"N Chevassus-Au-Louis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chevassus-Au-Louis N, Represa A (1999) The right neuron at the wrong place: biology of heterotopic neurons in cortical neuronal migration disorders, with special reference to associated pathologies. Cell Mol Life Sci 55(10):1206\u20131215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s000180050367","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920-1211(99)00104-7","volume":"39","author":"SC Baraban","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baraban SC, Wenzel HJ, Hochman DW, Schwartzkroin PA (2000) Characterization of heterotopic cell clusters in the hippocampus of rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol in utero. Epilepsy Res 39(2):87\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0920-1211(99)00104-7","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2694_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.03.034","volume":"260","author":"HJ Luhmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luhmann HJ (2016) Models of cortical malformation\u2014Chemical and physical. J Neurosci Methods 260:62\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.03.034","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.01.392","volume":"175","author":"P Bourdillon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bourdillon P, Rheims S, Catenoix H, Montavont A, Ostrowsky-Coste K, Isnard J, Gu\u00e9not M (2019) Malformations of cortical development: new surgical advances. Rev Neurol (Paris) 175(3):183\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.01.392","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21285","volume":"27","author":"EH Baker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baker EH, Basso G, Barker PB, Smith MA, Bonekamp D, Horsk\u00e1 A (2008) Regional apparent metabolite concentrations in young adult brain measured by (1)H MR spectroscopy at 3 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 27(3):489\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21285","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.005","volume":"30","author":"KK Haga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haga KK, Khor YP, Farrall A, Wardlaw JM (2009) A systematic review of brain metabolite changes, measured with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 30(3):353\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2694_CR36","first-page":"261","volume":"83","author":"OA Petroff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petroff OA, Mattson RH, Rothman DL (2000) Proton MRS: GABA and glutamate. Adv Neurol 83:261\u2013271","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01801.x","volume":"50","author":"M Garcia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garcia M, Huppertz HJ, Ziyeh S, Buechert M, Schumacher M, Mader I (2009) Valproate-induced metabolic changes in patients with epilepsy: assessment with H-MRS. Epilepsia 50(3):486\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01801.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-021-02694-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-021-02694-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-021-02694-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T05:33:51Z","timestamp":1629351231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00234-021-02694-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-021-02694-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0028-3940"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1920"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All subjects or their guardians gave their written informed consent to be enrolled in this study before the MRI examination.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}