{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:34:16Z","timestamp":1792431256625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004434","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The anatomical proximity of the styloid process (SP) to the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) has been recently recognized as a possible risk factor for carotid artery dissection (CAD). We aimed to verify this hypothesis by comparing the minimum distance between SP and ICA in young adult patients (&lt;\u200955\u00a0years) with and without CAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-one CAD patients (cases) were compared with 41 sex-matched patients without dissection, group one of control (G1), and with 16 sex-matched patients with vertebral artery dissection (VAD), group two of control (G2). Two independent observers measured, on CT angiography images, the minimum distance on the axial plane between the SP and ICA in cases and controls. They evaluated both the intercentric and the marginal distance. Differences between groups were estimated by Student\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SP-ICA intercentric distance ipsilateral to dissection was significantly shorter compared to that of the contralateral side of cases (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), to those of left and right side of G1 patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both), and to those of left and right side of G2 patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both). SP-ICA marginal distance of cases was significantly shorter compared to those of left and right side of G1 patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both) and to those of left and right side of G2 patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A short SP-ICA distance appears to be a risk factor for CAD as it likely induces a continuous microtraumatism of the vessel wall during normal head and neck movements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03121-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:26:53Z","timestamp":1675816013000},"page":"915-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The proximity between styloid process and internal carotid artery as a possible risk factor for dissection: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1199-7312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Venturini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pracucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Picchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Failli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Benvenuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee VH, Brown RD, Jayawant NM et al (2006) Incidence and outcome of cervical artery dissection: a population-based study. Neurology 67:1809\u20131812","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000244486.30455.71"},{"key":"3121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smajlovic D (2015) Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and prevention.\u00a0Vasc Health Risk Manag 11:157\u2013164","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S53203"},{"key":"3121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blum C, Yaghi S (2015) Cervical artery dissection: a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome. Arch Neurosci 2(4)","DOI":"10.5812\/archneurosci.26670"},{"key":"3121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caso V, Paciaroni M, Bogousslavsky J (2005) Environmental factors and cervical artery dissection. Handbook on cerebral artery dissection. Front Neurol Neurosci Basel, Karger 20:44\u201353","DOI":"10.1159\/000088134"},{"key":"3121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venturini G, Vuolo L, Pracucci G et al (2021) Association between carotid artery dissection and vascular tortuosity: a case\u2013control study. Neuroradiology 64(6):1127\u20131134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02848-y"},{"key":"3121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giossi A, Mardighian D, Caria F et al (2017) Arterial tortuosity in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection. Neuroradiology 59:571\u2013575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1836-9"},{"key":"3121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saba L, Argiolas GM, Sumer S et al (2015) Association between internal carotid artery dissection and arterial tortuosity. Neuroradiology 57:149\u2013153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-014-1436-x"},{"key":"3121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim BJ, Yang E, Kim N et al (2016) Vascular tortuosity may be associated with cervical artery dissection. Stroke 47:2548\u20132552","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013736"},{"key":"3121_CR9","unstructured":"Amorim JM, Pereira D, Rodrigues MG et al (2017) Anatomical characteristics of the styloid process in internal carotid artery dissection: case\u2013control study. Int J Stroke 0(0):1\u20136"},{"key":"3121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badhei A, Jategaonkar A, Kovacs AJA et al (2017) Eagle syndrome: a comprehensive review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 159:34\u201338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.04.021"},{"key":"3121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikenouchi H, Takagi M, Nishimura A et al (2020) Bilateral carotid artery dissection due to Eagle syndrome in a patient with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case report. BMC Neurol 20:285\u2013287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01866-2"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03121-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03121-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03121-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:28:55Z","timestamp":1681518535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03121-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03121-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3940","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}