{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:05:22Z","timestamp":1789718722400,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32EB006351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32EB006351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives\n<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Anti-leucine glioma-inactivated protein 1 (anti-LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) presents as subacute memory loss, behavioral changes, and seizures. Diagnosis and treatment delays can result in long term sequelae, including cognitive impairment. <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET\/CT may be more sensitive than MRI in patients with AE. Our objective was to determine if anti-LGI1 is associated with a distinct pattern of FDG uptake and whether this pattern persists following treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nineteen<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET\/CT brain scans (13 pre-treatment, 6 convalescent phase) for 13 patients with anti-LGI1 were studied using NeuroQ\u2122 and CortexID\u2122. The sensitivity of the PET images was compared to MRI. The Z scores of 47 brain regions between the pre-treatment and next available follow-up images during convalescence were compared.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET\/CT scans demonstrated abnormal FDG uptake, while only 6 (42.9%) pre-treatment brain MRIs were abnormal. The pre-treatment scans demonstrated hypermetabolism in the bilateral medial temporal cortices, basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum and hypometabolism in bilateral medial and mid frontal, cingulate, and parietotemporal cortices. Overall, the brain uptake during convalescence showed improvement of the Z scores towards 0 or normalization of previous hypometabolic activity in medial frontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, Broca\u2019s region, parietotemporal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex and previous hypermetabolic activity in medial temporal cortices, caudate, midbrain, pons and cerebellum.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Brain FDG uptake was more commonly abnormal than MRI in the pre-treatment phase of anti-LGI1, and patterns of dysmetabolism differed in the pre-treatment and convalescent phases. These findings may expedite the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of anti-LGI1 patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03165-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T03:31:57Z","timestamp":1685676717000},"page":"1225-1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of quantitative FDG-PET and MRI in anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Sadaghiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa A.","family":"Diaz-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Habis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Probasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilja B.","family":"Solnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22307","volume":"69","author":"SR Irani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B, Pettingill P, Waters P, Johnson MR et al (2011) Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. 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Sadaghiani reports no relevant disclosures. Dr. Roman has no relevant disclosures. Dr. Diaz-Arias reports no relevant disclosures. Dr. Habis reports serving as study-site coordinator for a clinical study sponsored by Genentech. Dr. Venkatesan reports no relevant disclosures. Dr. Solnes reports research funding support from Novartis, Cellectar, Precision Molecular Imaging. Royalties from Elsevier. She serves on a data safety monitoring board for Molecular Insights Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Probasco reports serving as a study-site principal investigator for a clinical study sponsored by Genentech. He also reports service as Editor-in-Chief of <i>NEJM Journal Watch Neurology<\/i>.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed according to STARD 2015 guideline and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Johns Hopkins University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Included patients either provided informed consent for enrollment in the Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center prospective encephalitis and seizure disorder registry (IRB00087582) or were included with waiver of consent in the Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center retrospective clinical database (IRB00274403).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}