{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:54:09Z","timestamp":1793836449239,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, with the knowledge of the role of collateral circulation in the development of cerebral ischaemia, traditional therapeutic windows are being prolonged, with time not being the only criterion. Instead, a more personalised approach is applied to select additional patients who might benefit from active treatment. This review briefly describes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the development of early ischaemic changes, the capabilities of MRI to depict such changes, and the basics of the routinely used imaging techniques broadly available for the assessment of individual phases of cerebral ischaemia, and summarises the possible clinical use of routine MR imaging, including patient selection for active treatment and assessment of the outcome on the basis of imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03262-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T03:01:42Z","timestamp":1702695702000},"page":"305-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["MRI of cerebral oedema in ischaemic stroke and its current use in routine clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2899-7629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"\u010civrn\u00fd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dor\u0148\u00e1k","family":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"\u010cern\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3262_CR1","volume-title":"WHO methods and data sources for country-level causes of death 2000-2019","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO (2020) WHO methods and data sources for country-level causes of death 2000-2019. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"3262_CR2","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Neuropathology. A volume in the series: foundations in diagnostic pathology","author":"RA Prayson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prayson RA, Yeaney G (2022) Neuropathology. A volume in the series: foundations in diagnostic pathology, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Philadeplhia, pp 40\u201376","edition":"3"},{"key":"3262_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.11.014","volume":"1862","author":"M Pekny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pekny M, Pekna M (2016) Reactive gliosis in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1862:483\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.11.014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"3262_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W258","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8081","volume":"199","author":"M-L Ho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ho M-L, Rojas R, Eisenberg RL (2012) Cerebral edema. AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:W258\u2013W273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.11.8081","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3262_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.1.93","volume":"30","author":"AM Kaufmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaufmann AM, Firlik AD, Fukui MB et al (1998) Ischemic core and penumbra in human stroke. Stroke 30:93\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.1.93","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199609000-00013","volume":"16","author":"C Pierpaoli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pierpaoli C, Alger JR, Righini A et al (1996) High temporal resolution diffusion MRI of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16:892\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004647-199609000-00013","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"3262_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106029","volume":"178","author":"W Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han W, Song Y, Rocha M, Shi Y (2023) Ischemic brain edema: emerging cellular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Neurobiol Dis 178:106029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106029","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"3262_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01064-1","volume":"7","author":"C Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin C, Yang S, Chu Y-H et al (2022) Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Sig Transduct Target Ther 7:215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-022-01064-1","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"3262_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung S, Wiest R, Gralla J et al (2017) Relevance of the cerebral collateral circulation in ischaemic stroke: time is brain, but collaterals set the pace. Swiss Med Wkly. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2017.14538","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2017.14538"},{"key":"3262_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15617172","volume":"36","author":"JA Stokum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stokum JA, Gerzanich V, Simard JM (2016) Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36:513\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X15617172","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"3262_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721165","volume":"08","author":"T Dalby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dalby T, Wohl E, Dinsmore M et al (2021) Pathophysiology of cerebral edema\u2014a comprehensive review. J Neuroanaesth Crit Care 08:163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1721165","journal-title":"J Neuroanaesth Crit Care"},{"key":"3262_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.22.5.3","volume":"22","author":"D Liang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liang D, Bhatta S, Gerzanich V, Simard JM (2007) Cytotoxic edema: mechanisms of pathological cell swelling. J Neurosurg 22:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc.2007.22.5.3","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3262_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196701000-00001","volume":"26","author":"I Klatzo","year":"1967","unstructured":"Klatzo I (1967) Neuropathological aspects of brain edema. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 26:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005072-196701000-00001","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e3181461965","volume":"66","author":"WI Rosenblum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosenblum WI (2007) Cytotoxic edema: monitoring its magnitude and contribution to brain swelling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66:771\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nen.0b013e3181461965","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00503-5","volume":"41","author":"Z Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo Z, Ovcjak A, Wong R et al (2020) Drug development in targeting ion channels for brain edema. Acta Pharmacol Sin 41:1272\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-020-00503-5","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"3262_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70055-8","volume":"6","author":"JM Simard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simard JM, Kent TA, Chen M et al (2007) Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications. Lancet Neurol 6:258\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70055-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.12.008","volume":"115","author":"T Leng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leng T, Shi Y, Xiong Z-G, Sun D (2014) Proton-sensitive cation channels and ion exchangers in ischemic brain injury: new therapeutic targets for stroke? Prog Neurobiol 115:189\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.12.008","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"3262_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763018","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.763018","volume":"12","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang X, Huang P, Zhang R (2022) Evaluation and prediction of post-stroke cerebral edema based on neuroimaging. Front Neurol 12:763018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.763018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem131","volume":"99","author":"C Werner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werner C, Engelhard K (2007) Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Br J Anaesth 99:4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aem131","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3262_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y et al (2012) A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2. Sci Transl Med 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"key":"3262_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15280","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801425200","volume":"283","author":"B Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang B, Zador Z, Verkman AS (2008) Glial cell aquaporin-4 overexpression in transgenic mice accelerates cytotoxic brain swelling. J Biol Chem 283:15280\u201315286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M801425200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3262_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/72256","volume":"6","author":"GT Manley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manley GT, Fujimura M, Ma T et al (2000) Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke. Nat Med 6:159\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/72256","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3262_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.958","volume":"32","author":"M Qiao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qiao M, Malisza KL, Del Bigio MR, Tuor UI (2001) Correlation of cerebral hypoxic-ischemic T2 changes with tissue alterations in water content and protein extravasation. Stroke 32:958\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.958","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.56.6.0747","volume":"56","author":"S Naruse","year":"1982","unstructured":"Naruse S, Horikawa Y, Tanaka C et al (1982) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on brain edema. J Neurosurg 56:747\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.56.6.0747","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3262_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21088","volume":"26","author":"H Axer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Axer H, Gr\u00e4\u03b2el D, Br\u00e4mer D et al (2007) Time course of diffusion imaging in acute brainstem infarcts. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:905\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21088","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3262_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803058-5.00029-1","volume-title":"Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases","author":"RF Keep","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV, Xi G (2017) Cytotoxic and vasogenic brain edema. In: Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases. Elsevier, pp 145\u2013149"},{"key":"3262_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70192-2","volume":"10","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomalla G, Cheng B, Ebinger M et al (2011) DWI-FLAIR mismatch for the identification of patients with acute ischaemic stroke within 4\u00b75 h of symptom onset (PRE-FLAIR): a multicentre observational study. Lancet Neurol 10:978\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70192-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.011","volume":"293","author":"J Aoki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aoki J, Kimura K, Iguchi Y et al (2010) FLAIR can estimate the onset time in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Neurol Sci 293:39\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3262_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021484","volume":"49","author":"A Vagal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vagal A, Aviv R, Sucharew H et al (2018) Collateral clock is more important than time clock for tissue fate: a natural history study of acute ischemic strokes. Stroke 49:2102\u20132107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021484","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100461","volume":"257","author":"M Petkova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petkova M, Rodrigo S, Lamy C et al (2010) MR imaging helps predict time from symptom onset in patients with acute stroke: implications for patients with unknown onset time. Radiology 257:782\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.10100461","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3262_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.568410","volume":"41","author":"M Ebinger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ebinger M, Galinovic I, Rozanski M et al (2010) Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery evolution within 12 hours from stroke onset: a reliable tissue clock? Stroke 41:250\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.568410","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.129","volume":"33","author":"B Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng B, Brinkmann M, Forkert ND et al (2013) Quantitative measurements of relative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal intensities in acute stroke for the prediction of time from symptom onset. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.129","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"3262_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013903","volume":"47","author":"A Wouters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wouters A, Dupont P, Norrving B et al (2016) Prediction of stroke onset is improved by relative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and perfusion imaging compared to the visual diffusion-weighted imaging\/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch. Stroke 47:2559\u20132564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013903","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21651","volume":"65","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomalla G, Rossbach P, Rosenkranz M et al (2009) Negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging identifies acute ischemic stroke at 3 hours or less. Ann Neurol 65:724\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21651","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.630947","volume":"43","author":"SS Song","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song SS, Latour LL, Ritter CH et al (2012) A pragmatic approach using magnetic resonance imaging to treat ischemic strokes of unknown onset time in a thrombolytic trial. Stroke 43:2331\u20132335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.630947","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6284-6","volume":"259","author":"A Ziegler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ziegler A, Ebinger M, Fiebach JB et al (2012) Judgment of FLAIR signal change in DWI\u2013FLAIR mismatch determination is a challenge to clinicians. J Neurol 259:971\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6284-6","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019508","volume":"49","author":"R Fahed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fahed R, Lecler A, Sabben C et al (2018) DWI-ASPECTS (diffusion-weighted imaging\u2013alberta stroke program early computed tomography scores) and DWI-FLAIR (diffusion-weighted imaging\u2013fluid attenuated inversion recovery) mismatch in thrombectomy candidates: an intrarater and interrater agreement study. Stroke 49:223\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019508","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804355","volume":"379","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F et al (2018) MRI-guided thrombolysis for stroke with unknown time of onset. N Engl J Med 379:611\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1804355","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3262_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","volume":"50","author":"WJ Powers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T et al (2019) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association\/american stroke association. Stroke 50:e344\u2013e418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987321989865","volume":"6","author":"E Berge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berge E, Whiteley W, Audebert H et al (2021) European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J 6:1\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2396987321989865","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"3262_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.01.004","volume":"22","author":"BN Huisa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huisa BN, Liebeskind DS, Raman R et al (2014) DWI \u2013 FLAIR mismatch in nocturnal strokes patients with unknown time of onset. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 22:972\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.01.004","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"3262_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25235","volume":"83","author":"LH Schwamm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwamm LH, Wu O, Song SS et al (2018) Intravenous thrombolysis in unwitnessed stroke onset: MR WITNESS trial results. Ann Neurol 83:980\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25235","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706442","volume":"378","author":"RG Nogueira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC et al (2018) Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 378:11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1706442","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3262_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713973","volume":"378","author":"GW Albers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S et al (2018) Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med 378:708\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1713973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3262_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1547","volume":"30","author":"PG Kranz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kranz PG, Eastwood JD (2009) Does diffusion-weighted imaging represent the ischemic core? an evidence-based systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:1206\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A1547","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3262_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.11.56","volume":"9","author":"AJ Yoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoo AJ, Pulli B, Gonzalez RG (2011) Imaging-based treatment selection for intravenous and intra-arterial stroke therapies: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 9:857\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/erc.11.56","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"3262_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.059261","volume":"76","author":"PA Barber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barber PA (2005) Imaging of the brain in acute ischaemic stroke: comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. J Neurol 76:1528\u20131533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2004.059261","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02237-6","volume":"355","author":"PA Barber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Zhang J, Buchan AM (2000) Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. Lancet 355:1670\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02237-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3262_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000787","DOI":"10.1161\/SVIN.122.000787","volume":"3","author":"OO Zaidat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zaidat OO, Kasab SA, Sheth S et al (2023) TESLA trial: rationale, protocol, and design. Stroke Vasc Neurol 3:e000787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/SVIN.122.000787","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214403","volume":"388","author":"A Sarraj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarraj A, Hassan AE, Abraham MG et al (2023) Trial of endovascular thrombectomy for large ischemic strokes. N Engl J Med 388:1259\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2214403","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3262_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718046","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.718046","volume":"12","author":"G Broocks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Broocks G, Meyer L, McDonough R et al (2022) The benefit of thrombectomy in patients with low ASPECTS is a matter of shades of gray\u2014what current trials may have missed. Front Neurol 12:718046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.718046","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2021.08.007","volume":"178","author":"F Bing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bing F, Berger I, Fabry A et al (2022) Intra- and inter-rater consistency of dual assessment by radiologist and neurologist for evaluating DWI-ASPECTS in ischemic stroke. Rev Neurol 178:219\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2021.08.007","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu X-Q, Chu Y, Shen G-C et al (2022) Prognostic value of ASPECTS on post-treatment diffusion-weighted imaging for acute ischemic stroke patients after endovascular thrombectomy: comparison with infarction volume. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-022-08888-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08888-z"},{"key":"3262_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181eccf78","volume":"75","author":"T Nezu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nezu T, Koga M, Kimura K et al (2010) Pretreatment ASPECTS on DWI predicts 3-month outcome following rt-PA: SAMURAI rt-PA Registry. Neurology 75:555\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181eccf78","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3262_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.510917","volume":"39","author":"K Kimura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kimura K, Iguchi Y, Shibazaki K et al (2008) Large ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging done before intravenous tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis predicts a poor outcome in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 39:2388\u20132391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.510917","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.614404","volume":"42","author":"T Nezu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nezu T, Koga M, Nakagawara J et al (2011) Early ischemic change on CT versus diffusion-weighted imaging for patients with stroke receiving intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator therapy: stroke acute management with urgent risk-factor assessment and improvement (SAMURAI) rt-PA registry. Stroke 42:2196\u20132200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.614404","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3262_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00245","volume":"7","author":"J Schr\u00f6der","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der J, Thomalla G (2017) A critical review of Alberta stroke program early CT score for evaluation of acute stroke imaging. Front Neurol 7:245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2016.00245","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3262_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130570.41127.EA","volume":"62","author":"A Davalos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davalos A, Blanco M, Pedraza S et al (2004) The clinical-DWI mismatch: a new diagnostic approach to the brain tissue at risk of infarction. Neurology 62:2187\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130570.41127.EA","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3262_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.10.010","volume":"7","author":"M Krongold","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krongold M, Almekhlafi MA, Demchuk AM et al (2015) Final infarct volume estimation on 1-week follow-up MR imaging is feasible and is dependent on recanalization status. NeuroImage Clin 7:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.10.010","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"3262_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-022-01156-z","volume":"32","author":"P Panni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panni P, Lapergue B, Ma\u00efer B et al (2022) Clinical impact and predictors of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) reversal in stroke patients with diffusion weighted imaging Alberta stroke program early CT score 0\u20135 treated by thrombectomy: diffusion weighted imaging reversal in large volume stroke. Clin Neuroradiol 32(4):939\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01156-z","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3262_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0727-0","volume":"17","author":"AL Liberman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liberman AL, Prabhakaran S (2017) Stroke chameleons and stroke mimics in the emergency department. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 17:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-017-0727-0","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"3262_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0211-0","volume":"24","author":"JD Burns","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burns JD, Rindler RS, Carr C et al (2016) Delay in diagnosis of basilar artery stroke. Neurocrit Care 24:172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-015-0211-0","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"3262_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026249","volume":"50","author":"EC Leira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leira EC, Muir KW (2019) EXTEND Trial: towards a more inclusive but complex thrombolysis. Stroke 50:2637\u20132639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026249","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03262-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03262-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03262-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T21:22:09Z","timestamp":1708032129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03262-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03262-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3940","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The work was approved by the institutional ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was not required due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}