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As the clinical presentation is frequently nonspecific, radiologic evaluation is essential for lesion detection and characterization as well as patient management. While orbital masses may in some cases involve multiple compartments, a simple compartmental approach is the key for the diagnosis on imaging studies, and MRI is the modality of choice. This pictorial review presents the most common and characteristic non-emergent pediatric orbital lesions, stressing their MRI and CT appearances, including specific differentiating features. The lesions are subdivided into 4 compartments: intraocular, intraconal, extraconal, and orbital walls. Retinoblastoma, Coats disease and persistent fetal vasculature; optic pathway glioma and lymphovascular malformations; rhabdomyosarcoma, infantile hemangioma, neurofibroma and lymphoma; neuroblastoma, leukemia\/myeloid sarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and dermoid are reviewed in their respective compartments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-024-03517-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T06:38:28Z","timestamp":1735281508000},"page":"469-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Retinoblastoma and beyond: pediatric orbital mass lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6833-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoran","family":"Rumboldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Dodig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Galluzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Brumini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210116","volume":"42","author":"AK Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph AK, Guerin JB, Eckel LJ, Dalvin LA, Keating GF, Liebo GB, Benson JC, Brinjikji W, Laack NN, Silvera VM (2022) Imaging findings of pediatric orbital masses and tumor mimics. 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