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There is mounting evidence on the role of the styloid process (SP) in ICA-D, particularly SP length and the SP\u2013ICA distance. Despite having clear guidelines on the treatment of SP-related Eagle syndrome and ICA-D, the concept of SP-related ICA-D is relatively new and no therapeutic guidelines exist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative literature search was performed to identify all articles pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of ICA-D linked to an ipsilateral elongated SP or short SP-ICA distance. The treatments were evaluated in terms of symptom recurrence after the treatment. As illustrative examples of clinical management, we present an in-house case series of patients with suspected ICA-D related to SP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment efficacy was assessed, with an in-house case series provided. Seventy-five reports and case studies involving 84 patients were analyzed. Conservative treatments were common (52%) but had a high symptom recurrence rate (33%). It is noteworthy that no patients treated initially with styloidectomy exhibited symptom recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In case of a correctly diagnosed SP-related ICA-D, a styloidectomy may offer a curative option, but more research is needed for clear indications and standardized guidelines to prevent recurrent symptoms or strokes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-025-03616-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1745636812000},"page":"1355-1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Styloid process-related internal carotid artery dissection: extensive literature review of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes (exemplified with a single-center case series)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8749-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Klail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Sachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas D.","family":"Panos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver Y.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Siller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pilgram-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Giger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2005.08.016","volume":"28","author":"MT Haneline","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haneline MT, Lewkovich GN (2005) An analysis of the etiology of cervical artery dissections: 1994 to 2003. 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