{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1789192624494,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012921","name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A distinct form of cochlear hypoplasia, characterized by the preservation of the first half of the basal turn with hypoplastic and anteriorly displaced upper turns, was historically associated with branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome, but can also occur in other genetic, syndromic and non-syndromic causes of hearing loss. This study aims to describe this phenotype with relative preservation of the basal turn, particularly its first half, in a significant proportion of cochlear hypoplasia cases due to different causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed temporal bone imaging from 125 patients (250 ears) with cochlear malformations from a tertiary pediatric center, focusing on cases where the basal turn was partially or completely preserved. Temporal bone CT and internal auditory meatus MRI were assessed for cochlear morphology and associated anomalies and genetic, clinical and syndromic associations described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-eight patients exhibited a preserved basal turn with different degrees of hypoplasia of the upper turns. These cases were grouped into five etiological clusters: branchio-oto-renal (BOR), CHARGE, Walker-Warburg (WWS) syndromes, other genetic cases and likely non-genetic cases (including syndromic conditions without a genetic cause identified such as oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum - OAVS). Genetic cases may show bilateral and symmetrical appearances, aberrant facial nerve courses were observed in 30 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preservation of the first half of the basal turn suggests developmental arrest between 50 and 54 days of gestation, and is common across genetic and non-genetic conditions of cochlear hypoplasia. Frequent facial nerve anomalies may complicate cochlear implantation. Integrating imaging with embryological insights supports the need for refined, developmentally-based classification systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-025-03671-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T05:06:25Z","timestamp":1749877585000},"page":"1945-1952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The cochlear basal turn as a very preserved region in cochlear hypoplasias: radiological and embryological considerations from a cohort of 125 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"De Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Morana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaram","family":"Avula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"D\u2019Arco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3671_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2017.0367","volume":"34","author":"L Sennaro\u011flu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sennaro\u011flu L, Bajin MD (2017) Classification and current management of inner ear malformations. Balkan Med J 34:397\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/balkanmedj.2017.0367","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"3671_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_58_19","volume":"30","author":"AC Bhagat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhagat AC, Kumar J, Garg A, Prakash A, Meher R, Arya S (2020) Imaging in congenital inner ear malformations-An algorithmic approach. Indian J Radiol Imaging 30:139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_58_19","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"3671_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540971301","volume":"97","author":"RK Jackler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jackler RK, Luxford WM, House WF (1987) Congenital malformations of the inner ear: a classification based on embryogenesis. Laryngoscope 97:2\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.5540971301","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"3671_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02382-3","volume":"62","author":"F D\u2019Arco","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Arco F, Sanverdi E, O\u2019Brien WT, Taranath A, Talenti G, Blaser SI (2020) The link between inner ear malformations and the rest of the body: what we know so Far about genetic, imaging and histology. Neuroradiology 62:539\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-020-02382-3","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"3671_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3174\/ng.4160166","volume":"6","author":"PM Som","year":"2016","unstructured":"Som PM, Curtin HD, Liu K, Mafee MF (2016) Current embryology of the Temporal bone, part I: the inner ear. Neurograph 6:250\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ng.4160166","journal-title":"Neurograph"},{"key":"3671_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5856","volume":"39","author":"A Hsu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsu A, Desai N, Paldino MJ (2018) The unwound cochlea: A specific imaging marker of Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39:2345\u20132349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A5856","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7653","volume":"43","author":"AF Juliano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Juliano AF, D\u2019Arco F, Pao J, Picariello S, Clement E, Moonis G et al (2022) The cochlea in Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome: an objective method for the diagnosis of offset cochlear turns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43:1646\u20131652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A7653","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7396","volume":"43","author":"J Pao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pao J, D\u2019Arco F, Clement E, Picariello S, Moonis G, Robson CD et al (2022) Re-Examining the cochlea in Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome: Genotype-Phenotype correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43:309\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A7396","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03118-9","volume":"65","author":"MA Lewis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lewis MA, Juliano A, Robson C, Clement E, Nash R, Rajput K et al (2023) The spectrum of cochlear malformations in CHARGE syndrome and insights into the role of the CHD7 gene during embryogenesis of the inner ear. Neuroradiology 65:819\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03118-9","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"3671_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6858","volume":"42","author":"G Talenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talenti G, Robson C, Severino MS, Alves CA, Chitayat D, Dahmoush H et al (2021) Characteristic cochlear hypoplasia in patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome: A radiologic study of the inner ear in \u03b1-Dystroglycan-Related muscular disorders. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 42:167\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A6858","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1795-1","volume":"59","author":"B Davide","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davide B, Renzo M, Sara G, Elisa L, Rodica M, Irene T et al (2017) Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: going beyond the first and second pharyngeal arch involvement. Neuroradiology 59:305\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-017-1795-1","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"3671_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000371","volume":"36","author":"A Singla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singla A, Sahni D, Gupta AK, Aggarwal A, Gupta T (2015) Surgical anatomy of the basal turn of the human cochlea as pertaining to cochlear implantation. Otol Neurotol 36:323\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000371","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"3671_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811429244","volume":"146","author":"MN Pakdaman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pakdaman MN, Herrmann BS, Curtin HD, Van Beek-King J, Lee DJ (2012) Cochlear implantation in children with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 146:180\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599811429244","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"3671_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1571","volume":"30","author":"SEJ Connor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Connor SEJ, Bell DJ, O\u2019Gorman R, Fitzgerald-O\u2019Connor A (2009) CT and MR imaging cochlear distance measurements May predict cochlear implant length required for a 360 degrees insertion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:1425\u20131430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A1571","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000227902.47483.ef","volume":"27","author":"HJ Shim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shim HJ, Shin J-E, Chung JW, Lee K-S (2006) Inner ear anomalies in cochlear implantees: importance of radiologic measurements in the classification. Otol Neurotol 27:831\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mao.0000227902.47483.ef","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"3671_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2003.51","volume":"128","author":"D Purcell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Purcell D, Johnson J, Fischbein N, Lalwani AK (2003) Establishment of normative cochlear and vestibular measurements to aid in the diagnosis of inner ear malformations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:78\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhn.2003.51","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"3671_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e384","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001604","volume":"38","author":"F D\u2019Arco","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Arco F, Talenti G, Lakshmanan R, Stephenson K, Siddiqui A, Carney O (2017) Do measurements of inner ear structures help in the diagnosis of inner ear malformations? A review of literature. Otol Neurotol 38:e384\u2013e392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001604","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"3671_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2458-3","volume":"42","author":"S Avula","year":"2012","unstructured":"Avula S, Alam N, Roberts E (2012) Cochlear abnormality in a case of Pallister-Hall syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 42:1502\u20131505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2458-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"3671_CR19","unstructured":"Usman N, Sur M, StatPearls (2025) Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing"},{"key":"3671_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E696","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28596","volume":"130","author":"L Sennaro\u011flu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sennaro\u011flu L, Tahir E (2020) A novel classification: anomalous routes of the facial nerve in relation to inner ear malformations. Laryngoscope 130:E696\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28596","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"3671_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8414","volume":"45","author":"KK Moeller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moeller KK, Tran BH, Huisman TAGM, Desai NK, Kukreja MK, Patel RP et al (2024) Clinical and radiologic findings in children with anomalous Pontine cranial nerves. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 45:1895\u20131900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A8414","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4273","volume":"36","author":"R Manara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manara R, Brotto D, Ghiselli S, Mardari R, Toldo I, Schifano G et al (2015) Cranial nerve abnormalities in Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral spectrum. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:1375\u20131380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A4273","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-11-68","volume":"11","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Kraus P, Lufkin T (2010) A symphony of inner ear developmental control genes. BMC Genet 11:68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2156-11-68","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"3671_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2004.00250.x","volume":"204","author":"N Jeffery","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeffery N, Spoor F (2004) Prenatal growth and development of the modern human labyrinth. J Anat 204:71\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2004.00250.x","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"3671_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e407","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001220","volume":"37","author":"L Sennaro\u011flu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sennaro\u011flu L, Bajin MD, Pamuk E, Tahir E (2016) Cochlear hypoplasia type four with anteriorly displaced facial nerve Canal. Otol Neurotol 37:e407\u2013e409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001220","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"3671_CR26","first-page":"838","volume":"22","author":"LV Romo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Romo LV, Curtin HD (2001) Anomalous facial nerve Canal with cochlear malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:838\u2013844","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3671_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200501001-00001","volume":"115","author":"BC Papsin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Papsin BC (2005) Cochlear implantation in children with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy. Laryngoscope 115:1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200501001-00001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"3671_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-03757-7","volume":"75","author":"N Suri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suri N, Singh A, Sharma D (2023) Cochlear implant in cochlear hypoplasia type 4 with Chiari Malformation- case report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 75:2467\u20132469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-023-03757-7","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"3671_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221076998","volume":"167","author":"S Elzayat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elzayat S, Mandour M, Elfarargy HH, Lotfy R, Soltan I, Lotfy A et al (2022) Radiological analysis of the facial recess: impact on posterior tympanotomy difficulty during pediatric cochlear implantation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 167:769\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01945998221076998","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"3671_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06633-8","volume":"279","author":"B Copson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Copson B, Wijewickrema S, Ma X, Zhou Y, Gerard J-M, O\u2019Leary S (2022) Surgical approach to the facial recess influences the acceptable trajectory of cochlear implantation electrodes. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279:137\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06633-8","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3671_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416450","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/416450","volume":"2011","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Lufkin T (2011) The sound of silence: mouse models for hearing loss. Genet Res Int 2011:416450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4061\/2011\/416450","journal-title":"Genet Res Int"},{"key":"3671_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang SX, Streit A (2024) Shared features in ear and kidney development - implications for oto-renal syndromes. Dis Model Mech 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.050447","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050447"},{"key":"3671_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13308","volume":"238","author":"H Kitazawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kitazawa H, Fujii S, Ishiyama H, Matsubayashi J, Ishikawa A, Yamada S et al (2021) Nascent nephrons during human embryonic development: Spatial distribution and relationship with urinary collecting system. J Anat 238:455\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13308","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"3671_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197309000-00007","volume":"83","author":"CA Quick","year":"1973","unstructured":"Quick CA, Fish A, Brown C (1973) The relationship between cochlea and kidney. Laryngoscope 83:1469\u20131482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1288\/00005537-197309000-00007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"3671_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201778","volume":"15","author":"D Sanlaville","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanlaville D, Verloes A (2007) CHARGE syndrome: an update. Eur J Hum Genet 15:389\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201778","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3671_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.62","volume":"23","author":"F D\u00e9murger","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u00e9murger F, Ichkou A, Mougou-Zerelli S, Le Merrer M, Goudefroye G, Delezoide A-L et al (2015) New insights into genotype-phenotype correlation for GLI3 mutations. Eur J Hum Genet 23:92\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejhg.2014.62","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3671_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960503)63:1<301::AID-AJMG49>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"63","author":"R Pankau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pankau R, Partsch CJ, Winter M, Gosch A, Wessel A (1996) Incidence and spectrum of renal abnormalities in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Am J Med Genet 63:301\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960503)63:1%3C;301::AID-AJMG49%3E;3.0.CO;2-P","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-025-03671-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-025-03671-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-025-03671-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:55:39Z","timestamp":1788508539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00234-025-03671-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-025-03671-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3940","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised to update ESM1.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the institutional research committee (Clinical Research Adoption Committee) and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Standard clinical informed consent was obtained at the time of the scan. Informed consent for this specific study was not applicable given its retrospective nature.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that all data, materials, and software applications or custom code supporting the published claims are available in accordance with field standards and the journal's data sharing policy.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Data transparency<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}