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This study assesses the radiation dose metrics of head CT and CTA in pediatric patients managed in the trauma resuscitation unit (TRU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients aged 0\u2013&lt;15 years who underwent head CT and CTA in the TRU between April 2020 and August 2023 were included. CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were extracted from the Radimetrics Enterprise Platform, which also provided organ doses estimated via Monte Carlo simulations and effective doses (ED) derived from these estimates. Dose metrics were compared with national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), defined for three pediatric age groups: I (0\u2013&lt;5 years), II (5\u2013&lt;10 years), and III (10\u2013&lt;15 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 212 pediatric TRU patients, 62.7% (133\/212) underwent CT and 72.2% (96\/133) received combined CT and CTA. Median CTDIvol and DLP increased with age, whereas ED decreased. For head CT, CTDIvol ranged from 18.9 mGy to 29.4 mGy, DLP from 282 to 460 mGycm, and ED from 1.6 to 1.3 mSv. For CTA, CTDIvol ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 mGy, DLP from 40 to 83 mGycm, and ED from 1.0 to 0.8 mSv. All doses remained below national DRLs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head CT and CTA in pediatric trauma can be performed with radiation doses well below national DRLs. Careful dose management is important to reduce potential long-term cancer risks and deterministic effects such as lens cataract formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-025-03893-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T09:06:00Z","timestamp":1768813560000},"page":"339-349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Radiation dose of computed tomography in pediatric head trauma imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rosok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Thal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Drews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raya","family":"Ocker-Serger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Holtkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Salh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Dudda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Haubold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Schweiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Forsting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Deuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Zensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-0922-y","volume":"44","author":"Level 3 guideline on the treatment of","year":"2018","unstructured":"Level 3 guideline on the treatment of (2018) Patients with severe\/multiple injuries: AWMF Register-Nr. 012\/019. 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Ethical approval was granted by the local Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was conducted using data obtained during routine clinical care. As confirmed by the local Ethics Committee, the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"D.R. was supported by the Junior Clinician Scientist Program of the Medical Faculty at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, which provided partial release from clinical duties to facilitate the conduct of this study. M.H. received financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG)-funded Clinician Scientist Academy of the University Hospital Essen (UMEA) (FU 356\/12\u20132). The other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}