{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:55:29Z","timestamp":1781639729780,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal arteriovenous shunts between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. They most frequently present with ocular symptoms, but intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as an initial manifestation is exceedingly rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the case of a 41-year-old male with a progressive hemiparesis and a spontaneous CCF with atypical reflux into the deep cerebral veins and subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage, discuss the underlying pathomechanism, and provide an overview of the existing literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CCFs should be included in the differential diagnosis of ICH, particularly when atypical venous drainage patterns are involved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-026-03933-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:34:55Z","timestamp":1772782495000},"page":"1201-1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intracerebral hemorrhage and carotid-cavernous fistulas: a rare connection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Gronemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Panahabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Layer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix J","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Dorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3933_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.2.0248","volume":"62","author":"DL Barrow","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barrow DL, Spector RH, Braun IF, Landman JA, Tindall SC, Tindall GT (1985) Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. 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