{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:42:06Z","timestamp":1792392126739,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-026-04094-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T08:39:59Z","timestamp":1782722399000},"page":"3041-3048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced choroid plexus volume aggravates the glymphatic system burden in patients with patent foramen ovale-related migraine with aura"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaige","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-01998-1","volume":"26","author":"O Grodzka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grodzka O, Dzagoevi K, Rees T et al (2025) Migraine with and without aura-two distinct entities? A narrative review. J Headache Pain 26(1):77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-025-01998-1","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2","volume":"23","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M et al (2022) The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates. J Headache Pain 23(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"4094_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00402-8","volume":"24","author":"GBD 2023 Headache Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"GBD 2023 Headache Collaborators (2025) Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet Neurol 24(12):1005\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00402-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4094_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071820","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1071820","volume":"10","author":"L Sha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sha L, Li Y, Zhang Y et al (2023) Heart-brain axis: Association of congenital heart abnormality and brain diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 10:1071820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1071820","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"4094_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107369","volume":"217","author":"TT Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo TT, Deng YR, Huang X et al (2023) Untargeted metabolomics reveal the metabolic profile of normal pulmonary circulation. Resp Med 217:107369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107369","journal-title":"Resp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-1963","volume":"15","author":"L Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun L, Cui K, Hu J et al (2025) Impaired glymphatic system in patent foramen ovale based on diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space. Quant Imaging Med Surg 15(4):2987\u20132999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-24-1963","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-265","volume":"15","author":"L Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun L, Cui K, Dong L et al (2025) Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index and visual analogue scales in female patients with patent foramen ovale and migraine perform better after percutaneous closure. Quant Imaging Med Surg 15(8):6969\u20136980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-2025-265","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"4094_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102986","volume":"114","author":"D Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao D, Wang J, Zhang F et al (2025) Cerebral glymphatic system: Structure, regulation, ageing, and mechanisms of encephalopathy. Ageing Res Rev 114:102986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102986","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68374-8","volume":"17","author":"P Dagum","year":"2026","unstructured":"Dagum P, Elbert DL, Giovangrandi L et al (2026) The glymphatic system clears amyloid beta and tau from brain to plasma in humans. Nat commun 17(1):715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-68374-8","journal-title":"Nat commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-114051","volume":"20","author":"Y Courtney","year":"2025","unstructured":"Courtney Y, Hochstetler A, Lehtinen MK (2025) Choroid Plexus Pathophysiology. Annu Rev Pathol 20(1):193\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-114051","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61543-1","volume":"16","author":"Q Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Q, Xia X, Zhang H et al (2025) Targeting modulation of the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier and CSF hypersecretion via lipid nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of siRNA and resveratrol. Nat Commun 16(1):6389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-61543-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgad262","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad262","volume":"2","author":"BL Edelbo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Edelbo BL, Andreassen SN, Steffensen AB et al (2023) Day-night fluctuations in choroid plexus transcriptomics and cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics. PNAS Nexus 2(8):pgad262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad262","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00971-8","volume":"11","author":"L Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu L, Weng Q, Cai Q et al (2025) Choroid plexus enlargement contributes to motor severity via regional glymphatic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 11(1):134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-00971-8","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200414","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200414","volume":"12","author":"P Preziosa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Preziosa P, Pagani E, Margoni M et al (2025) Glymphatic System May Mediate the Relation Between Choroid Plexus and Brain Damage in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 12(4):e200414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200414","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"4094_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018-01-01) The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38(1):1\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"3","key":"4094_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103158","volume":"21","author":"R Celikkol","year":"2025","unstructured":"Celikkol R, Ersoy S, Cavus O et al (2025) Wet cupping therapy and acupuncture applications in migraine patients: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY) 21(3):103158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103158","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4094_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70478","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70478","volume":"31","author":"L Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu L, Chen K, Zhang Z et al (2025) The Relationship Between Glymphatic Function, White Matter Hyperintensity and Cognition: A Structural Equation Model MRI Study. CNS Neurosci Ther 31(6):e70478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.70478","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"4094_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.04.024","volume":"73","author":"S Balakumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Balakumar S, Nadeem N, Asghar A et al (2025) Association between patent foramen ovale and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 73:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.04.024","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"4094_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cabrera J\u00c1, Urmeneta Ulloa J, J\u00edmenez de la Pe\u00f1a M et al (2023) White-matter lesions and cortical cerebral blood flow evaluation by 3D arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI in asymptomatic divers: correlation with patent foramen ovale ocurrence. J Clin Med 12(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12082866","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082866"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00603-y","volume":"21","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Z, Li C, Zhang J et al (2024) Choroid plexus aging: structural and vascular insights from the HCP-aging dataset. Fluids Barriers CNS 21(1):98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12987-024-00603-y","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00420-9","volume":"20","author":"V Scarpetta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scarpetta V, Bodaleo F, Salio C et al (2023) Morphological and mitochondrial changes in murine choroid plexus epithelial cells during healthy aging. Fluids Barriers CNS 20(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12987-023-00420-9","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"4094_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2025.07.003","volume":"58","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J et al (2025) Association of 5-HT, ET-1, PTX-3, and inflammatory markers with clinical parameters in pediatric migraine patients with patent foramen ovale. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 58:14\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2025.07.003","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4094_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.002","volume":"187","author":"H Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu H, Lotfy P, Gelb S et al (2024) The choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation. Cell 187(18):4946\u20134963e17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4094_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121267","volume":"401","author":"Z Lu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lu Z, Fang Y, Chao X et al (2026) Alterations of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in post-stroke depression: A longitudinal multimodal imaging study. J Affect Disorders 401:121267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121267","journal-title":"J Affect Disorders"},{"key":"4094_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525415","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1525415","volume":"18","author":"P Sol\u00e1r","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sol\u00e1r P, Br\u00e1zda V, Bare\u0161 M et al (2025) Inflammatory changes in the choroid plexus following subarachnoid hemorrhage: the role of innate immune receptors and inflammatory molecules. Front Cell Neurosci 18:1525415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1525415","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"4094_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112135","volume":"188","author":"J Xiong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiong J, Liu M, Li X et al (2025) Choroid plexus volume and association with migraine Pathophysiology. Eur J Radiol 188:112135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112135","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"4094_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.03.024","volume":"127","author":"Q Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang Q, Peng B, Chen S et al (2025) Inflammation and psychomotor retardation in depression: The moderating role of glymphatic system. Brain Behav Immun 127:387\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.03.024","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00909-0","volume":"11","author":"R Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin R, Cai G, Chen Y et al (2025) Association of glymphatic system function with peripheral inflammation and motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 11(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-00909-0","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8099","volume":"45","author":"O Sobczyk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sobczyk O, Sayin ES, Poublanc J et al (2023) The Choroid Plexus as an Alternative Locus for the Identification of the Arterial Input Function for Calculating Cerebral Perfusion Metrics Using MRI. Am J Neuroradiol 45(1):44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A8099","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8291","volume":"45","author":"WA Mehan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehan WA, Poyiadji N, Paul AB et al (2024) Volumetric Changes in the Choroid Plexus Associated with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension in Patients with Spinal CSF Leak. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 45(8):1162\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A8291","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14980","volume":"65","author":"RG Biringer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Biringer RG (2025) Regulation of Na+, K+-ATPase by cardiotonic steroids: Participation in the sodium theory for migraine. HEADACHE 65(8):1477\u20131491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14980","journal-title":"HEADACHE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01741-2","volume":"25","author":"MG Vittorini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vittorini MG, Sahin A, Trojan A et al (2024) The glymphatic system in migraine and other headaches. J HEADACHE PAIN 25(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01741-2","journal-title":"J HEADACHE PAIN"},{"key":"4094_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.04.008","volume":"128","author":"W Gong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gong W, Zhai Q, Wang Y et al (2025) Glymphatic function and choroid plexus volume is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 128:266\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.04.008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"4094_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618910","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1618910","volume":"16","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu J, Liu Y, Sheng Y et al (2025) Global research trends and frontiers in patent foramen ovale closure: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (2004\u20132024). Front Neurol 16:1618910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1618910","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4094_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121070","volume":"308","author":"Q Shou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shou Q, Zhao C, Shao X et al (2025) High resolution multi-delay arterial spin labeling with self-supervised deep learning denoising for pediatric choroid plexus perfusion MRI. NeuroImage 308:121070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121070","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"4094_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44499","DOI":"10.31083\/RCM44499","volume":"27","author":"XM Ge","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ge XM, Han KN, Gao F et al (2026) Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale is Associated with Improvement of Migraine. REV CARDIOVASC MED 27(3):44499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/RCM44499","journal-title":"REV CARDIOVASC MED"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04094-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04094-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04094-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:54:32Z","timestamp":1792389272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04094-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04094-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3940","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional ethical review board (IRB No. 20250157). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}