{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:13:20Z","timestamp":1788812000460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 82171909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82171909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2025SF-YBXM-328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2025SF-YBXM-328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","award":["No. XJTU1AF-CRF-2023-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XJTU1AF-CRF-2023-030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-026-04177-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:02:20Z","timestamp":1788768140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered cortical morphology and structural covariance network in chronic neck and shoulder pain"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000477","volume":"157","author":"LMM Sarquis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarquis LMM et al (2016) Classification of neck\/shoulder pain in epidemiological research: a comparison of personal and occupational characteristics, disability, and prognosis among 12,195 workers from 18 countries. Pain 157(5):1028\u20131036","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"4177_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204431","volume":"73","author":"D Hoy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoy D et al (2014) The global burden of neck pain: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis 73(7):1309\u20131315","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.10.019","volume":"105","author":"GY Shim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shim GY et al (2024) Global, Regional, and National Burden of Spine Pain, 1990\u20132019: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 105(3):461\u2013469","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"4177_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.018","volume":"87","author":"AV Apkarian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Apkarian AV, Baliki MN, Geha PY (2009) Towards a theory of chronic pain. Prog Neurobiol 87(2):81\u201397","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.034","volume":"137","author":"A May","year":"2008","unstructured":"May A (2008) Chronic pain may change the structure of the brain. Pain 137(1):7\u201315","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.030","volume":"29","author":"T Schmidt-Wilcke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidt-Wilcke T (2015) Neuroimaging of chronic pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 29(1):29\u201341","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4177_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e759","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002480","volume":"163","author":"D Martins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martins D et al (2021) Transcriptional and cellular signatures of cortical morphometric remodelling in chronic pain. Pain 163(6):e759","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcag146","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag146","volume":"8","author":"RW Loke","year":"2026","unstructured":"Loke RW et al (2026) Convergent structural brain alterations in chronic pain: a multi-metric individual participant data meta-analysis. Brain Commun 8(3):fcag146","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"4177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03257-z","volume":"66","author":"H Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu H et al (2024) Distinctive cortical morphological patterns in primary trigeminal neuralgia: a cross-sectional clinical study. Neuroradiology 66(2):207\u2013216","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"4177_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.110968","volume":"212","author":"SY Gu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gu SY et al (2024) Altered cortical thickness and structural covariance networks in chronic low back pain. Brain Res Bull 212:110968","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"4177_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333102425134120","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251341204","volume":"45","author":"BA Chaudhry","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaudhry BA et al (2025) Cortical thickness studies in migraine: Current evidence and future directions. Cephalalgia 45(6):3331024251341204","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"4177_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2025.103337","volume":"78","author":"R Chaikla","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaikla R et al (2025) Structural brain alterations and clinical associations in individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 78:103337","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","volume":"10","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bullmore E, Sporns O (2009) Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(3):186\u2013198","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.2\/osporns","volume":"20","author":"O Sporns","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sporns O (2018) Graph theory methods: applications in brain networks. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 20(2):111\u2013121","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"4177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3554-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"A Alexander-Bloch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alexander-Bloch A et al (2013) The convergence of maturational change and structural covariance in human cortical networks. J Neurosci 33(7):2889\u20132899","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.054","volume":"80","author":"AC Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans AC (2013) Networks of anatomical covariance. NeuroImage 80:489\u2013504","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"9","key":"4177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08360-y","volume":"46","author":"H Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu H et al (2025) Abnormalities of cortical morphology and structural covariance network in the patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia: a preliminary clinical study. Neurol Sci 46(9):4527\u20134535","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4177_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.022","volume":"7","author":"H Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim H et al (2015) Fibromyalgia is characterized by altered frontal and cerebellar structural covariance brain networks. Neuroimage Clin 7:667\u2013677","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"4177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","volume":"9","author":"AM Dale","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dale AM, Fischl B, Sereno MI (1999) Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage 9(2):179\u2013194","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"4177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.036","volume":"33","author":"DJ Hagler Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hagler DJ Jr., Saygin AP, Sereno MI (2006) Smoothing and cluster thresholding for cortical surface-based group analysis of fMRI data. NeuroImage 33(4):1093\u20131103","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","volume":"31","author":"RS Desikan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Desikan RS et al (2006) An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. NeuroImage 31(3):968\u2013980","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"4177_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.017","volume":"59","author":"G Gong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gong G et al (2012) Convergence and divergence of thickness correlations with diffusion connections across the human cerebral cortex. NeuroImage 59(2):1239\u20131248","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","volume":"52","author":"M Rubinov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rubinov M, Sporns O (2010) Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations. NeuroImage 52(3):1059\u20131069","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6684","key":"4177_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","volume":"393","author":"DJ Watts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watts DJ, Strogatz SH (1998) Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks. Nature 393(6684):440\u2013442","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"19","key":"4177_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.198701","volume":"87","author":"V Latora","year":"2001","unstructured":"Latora V, Marchiori M (2001) Efficient behavior of small-world networks. Phys Rev Lett 87(19):198701","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058","volume":"15","author":"TE Nichols","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nichols TE, Holmes AP (2002) Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: a primer with examples. Hum Brain Mapp 15(1):1\u201325","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Roy Stat Soc: Ser B (Methodol) 57(1):289\u2013300","journal-title":"J Roy Stat Soc: Ser B (Methodol)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4177_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1130-9","volume":"56","author":"WY Ong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ong WY, Stohler CS, Herr DR (2019) Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Pain Processing. Mol Neurobiol 56(2):1137\u20131166","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4177_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167","volume":"24","author":"EK Miller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miller EK, Cohen JD (2001) An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci 24:167\u2013202","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028","volume":"53","author":"AM Winkler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Winkler AM et al (2010) Cortical thickness or grey matter volume? The importance of selecting the phenotype for imaging genetics studies. NeuroImage 53(3):1135\u20131146","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"4177_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.07.016","volume":"95","author":"RR Bhatt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhatt RR et al (2024) Mapping Brain Structure Variability in Chronic Pain: The Role of Widespreadness and Pain Type and Its Mediating Relationship With Suicide Attempt. Biol Psychiatry 95(5):473\u2013481","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4177_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738646","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1738646","volume":"20","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Qiu Z et al (2026) Association of brain cortical changes with efficacy of treatment in patients with chronic neck and shoulder pain: a longitudinal surface-based morphometry study. Front Neurosci 20:1738646","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcag146","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag146","volume":"8","author":"RWJ Loke","year":"2026","unstructured":"Loke RWJ et al (2026) Convergent structural brain alterations in chronic pain: a multi-metric individual participant data meta-analysis. Brain Commun 8(3):fcag146","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122004","volume":"268","author":"R Messina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Messina R et al (2013) Cortical abnormalities in patients with migraine: a surface-based analysis. Radiology 268(1):170\u2013180","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"4177_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20213","volume":"27","author":"J Kong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kong J et al (2006) Using fMRI to dissociate sensory encoding from cognitive evaluation of heat pain intensity. Hum Brain Mapp 27(9):715\u2013721","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"7","key":"4177_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3516","volume":"14","author":"MC Bushnell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bushnell MC, Ceko M, Low LA (2013) Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 14(7):502\u2013511","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"4177_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S447148","volume":"17","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S et al (2024) Cortical Sulcal Abnormalities Revealed by Sulcal Morphometry in Patients with Chronic and Episodic Migraine. J Pain Res 17:477\u2013488","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"4177_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813590","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1813590","volume":"17","author":"J Hou","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hou J, Sun C (2026) Alterations in cortical surface morphometry in fibromyalgia: a multi-parametric study. Front Psychol 17:1813590","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4177_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25521","volume":"531","author":"M Petrides","year":"2023","unstructured":"Petrides M (2023) On the evolution of polysensory superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal gyrus: A key component of the semantic system in the human brain. J Comp Neurol 531(18):1987\u20131995","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0783-5","volume":"18","author":"J Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang J et al (2017) Assessment of gray and white matter structural alterations in migraineurs without aura. J Headache Pain 18(1):74","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"4177_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp026","volume":"19","author":"MS Panizzon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Panizzon MS et al (2009) Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Cereb Cortex 19(11):2728\u20132735","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"4177_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx382","volume":"141","author":"D Gaist","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaist D et al (2018) Migraine with visual aura associated with thicker visual cortex. Brain 141(3):776\u2013785","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4177_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01919-8","volume":"25","author":"Y Mei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mei Y et al (2024) Disrupted topologic efficiency of white matter structural connectome in migraine: a graph-based connectomics study. J Headache Pain 25(1):204","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"4177_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672542","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1672542","volume":"19","author":"L Butry","year":"2025","unstructured":"Butry L et al (2025) Brain network properties in chronic pain-a systematic review and meta-analysis of graph-based connectivity metrics. Front Neurosci 19:1672542","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"4177_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030","volume":"152","author":"CJ Woolf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woolf CJ (2011) Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 152(3 Suppl):S2\u2013s15","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"17","key":"4177_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9867","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad250","volume":"33","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X et al (2023) Menstrually-related migraine shapes the structural similarity network integration of brain. Cereb Cortex 33(17):9867\u20139876","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"}],"container-title":["Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04177-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04177-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04177-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:02:54Z","timestamp":1788811374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04177-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["4177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-026-04177-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3940","1432-1920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3940","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}