{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:47:37Z","timestamp":1782730057639,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urolithiasis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-026-02023-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:19:12Z","timestamp":1782728352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preoperative prediction of postoperative SIRS and sepsis after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: discriminative performance of large language models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Ko\u00e7akg\u00f6l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk Ko\u00e7akg\u00f6l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-017-2008-6","volume":"35","author":"I Sorokin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sorokin I, Mamoulakis C, Miyazawa K et al (2017) Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World J Urol 35:1301\u20131320","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2023_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.03.011","volume":"88","author":"A Skolarikos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Skolarikos A, Geraghty R, Somani B et al (2025) European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urolithiasis. Eur Urol 88:64\u201375","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2023_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2378-4","volume":"37","author":"T Tokas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tokas T, Herrmann TRW, Skolarikos A et al (2019) Pressure matters: intrarenal pressures during normal and pathological conditions, and impact of increased values to renal physiology. World J Urol 37:125\u2013131","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2023_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11594.x","volume":"111","author":"T Sugihara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sugihara T, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H et al (2013) A nomogram predicting severe adverse events after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: 12 372 patients in a Japanese national series. BJU Int 111:459\u2013466","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2023_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0300","volume":"30","author":"JP Blackmur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blackmur JP, Maitra NU, Marri RR et al (2016) Analysis of factors\u2019 association with risk of postoperative urosepsis in patients undergoing ureteroscopy for treatment of stone disease. J Endourol 30:963\u2013969","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"2023_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1814259","volume":"380","author":"A Rajkomar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajkomar A, Dean J, Kohane I (2019) Machine learning in medicine. N Engl J Med 380:1347\u20131358","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06291-2","volume":"620","author":"K Singhal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singhal K, Azizi S, Tu T et al (2023) Large language models encode clinical knowledge. Nature 620:172\u2013180","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00701-7","volume":"20","author":"JW Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JW, Lee YJ, Ha YS et al (2020) Secondary signs on preoperative CT as predictive factors for febrile urinary tract infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsy. BMC Urol 20:131","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"2023_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2021.11.006","volume":"9","author":"E Demirelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demirelli E, \u00d6\u011freden E, Bayraktar C et al (2022) The effect of perirenal fat stranding on infectious complications after ureterorenoscopy in patients with ureteral calculi. Asian J Urol 9:307\u2013312","journal-title":"Asian J Urol"},{"key":"2023_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","volume":"101","author":"RC Bone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB et al (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest 101:1644\u20131655","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW et al (2016) The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801\u2013810","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44:837\u2013845","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2023_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000502159","volume":"103","author":"T Bai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bai T, Yu X, Qin C et al (2019) Identification of factors associated with postoperative urosepsis after ureteroscopy with Holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy. Urol Int 103:311\u2013317","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"2023_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0885","volume":"31","author":"E Parkhomenko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parkhomenko E, De Fazio A, Tran T et al (2017) A multi-institutional study of struvite stones: patterns of infection and colonization. J Endourol 31:533\u2013537","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"2023_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75672-8","volume":"10","author":"L Boeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boeri L, Fulgheri I, Palmisano F et al (2020) Hounsfield unit attenuation value can differentiate pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and predict septic complications in patients with obstructive uropathy. Sci Rep 10:18546","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2335-5","volume":"10","author":"P Forget","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forget P, Khalifa C, Defour JP et al (2017) What is the normal value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio? BMC Res Notes 10:12","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2023_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-025-01720-y","volume":"25","author":"S Khanzadeh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khanzadeh S, Zarimeidani F, Kashani E et al (2025) Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in urolithiasis: a systematic review. BMC Urol 25:51","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"2023_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01689-w","volume":"8","author":"SP Shashikumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shashikumar SP, Mohammadi S, Krishnamoorthy R et al (2025) Development and prospective implementation of a large language model based system for early sepsis prediction. NPJ Digit Med 8:290","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2023_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173888","volume":"10","author":"A Pietropaolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pietropaolo A, Geraghty RM, Veeratterapillay R et al (2021) A machine learning predictive model for post-ureteroscopy urosepsis needing intensive care unit admission: a case\u2013control YAU Endourology Study from nine European Centres. J Clin Med 10:3888","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Urolithiasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00240-026-02023-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00240-026-02023-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00240-026-02023-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:19:13Z","timestamp":1782728353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00240-026-02023-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00240-026-02023-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-7236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-7236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Faculty of Medicine (approval number: 2026\/02-53).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was not required for this study due to its retrospective design. All data were anonymized prior to analysis.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"119"}}