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AlkylPhenols (APs), by-products of microbial degradation of AlkylPhenol Polyethoxylates (APEOs), constitute an important class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), the two most often used environmental APs being 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the thyroid gland of the bioindicator <jats:italic>Podarcis siculus<\/jats:italic> of OP alone and in combination with NP. We used radioimmunoassay to determine their effects on plasma 3,3\u2032,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), 3,3\u2032,5,5\u2032-L-thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-releasing\u00a0hormone (TRH) levels in adult male lizards. We also investigated the impacts of AP treatments on hepatic 5\u2032ORD (type II) deiodinase and hepatic content of T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. After OP and OP\u2009+\u2009NP administration, TRH levels increased, whereas TSH, T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> levels decreased. Lizards treated with OP and OP\u2009+\u2009NP had a higher concentration of T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in the liver and 5\u2032ORD (type II) activity, whereas T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations were lower than that observed in the control group. Moreover, histological examination showed that the volume of the thyroid follicles became smaller in treated lizards suggesting that that thyroid follicular epithelial cells were not functionally active following treatment. This data collectively suggest a severe interference with hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis and a systemic imbalance of thyroid hormones.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphic Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-021-00823-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T13:00:34Z","timestamp":1615294834000},"page":"567-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Rosaria","family":"Sciarrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Valiante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"823_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.10.033","volume":"457","author":"F Acconcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Acconcia F, Fiocchetti M, Marino M (2017) Xenoestrogen regulation of ER\u03b1\/ER\u03b2 balance in hormone-associated cancers. 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