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In this study, we exposed the invasive freshwater amphipod <jats:italic>Dikerogammarus villosus<\/jats:italic> to environmentally relevant and relatively high concentrations of thiacloprid, a widely used agricultural neonicotinoid active ingredient and its commercial form Calypso\u00ae for two days. The acute effects were investigated at the behavioral (immobility time) and biochemical [glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity] levels. Calypso\u00ae concentrations of 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/l and 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/l a significantly increased the immobility time, while thiacloprid exerted such an effect only at 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/l. The GST enzyme activity did not change in the thiacloprid-treated groups; however, the 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/l and 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/l Calypso\u00ae concentrations significantly increased the GST activity. All Calypso\u00ae concentrations significantly decreased AChE activity until the highest Calypso\u00ae concentration was reached, and an interesting outcome was the \u2018U-shaped dynamics\u2019 of AChE activity. In contrast, thiacloprid had no significant blocking effect on AChE activity at any of the concentrations tested. Neonicotinoid insecticides are neurotoxins that selectively target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the insect central nervous system. However, their widespread use has a growing impact on nontarget animals. This study confirms the risk of neonicotinoids to aquatic invertebrates by providing evidence that neonicotinoids can also affect both behavioral and biochemical processes in <jats:italic>D. villosus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-025-01130-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T18:30:10Z","timestamp":1747420210000},"page":"407-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochemical and Behavioral Responses in the Killer Shrimp Dikerogammarus villosus Following Acute Exposure to Thiacloprid and Calypso\u00ae"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"D\u00e1vid","family":"Somogyv\u00e1ri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"M\u00f6rtl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Sz\u00e9k\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9715-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Gy\u0151ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1002\/ETC.4142","volume":"37","author":"SH Barmentlo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barmentlo SH, Parmentier EM, de Snoo GR, Vijver MG (2018) Thiacloprid-induced toxicity influenced by nutrients: Evidence from in situ bioassays in experimental ditches. 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