{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:28:46Z","timestamp":1787498926946,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16MCPRP31350009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16MCPRP31350009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02565-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T13:37:32Z","timestamp":1613655452000},"page":"934-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Carvedilol Does Not Improve Exercise Performance in Fontan Patients: Results of a Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7130-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Butts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Atz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathanya","family":"BaezHernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Reisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2565_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.085","volume":"56","author":"P Khairy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khairy P et al (2010) Changing mortality in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 56(14):1149\u20131157","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-1020-5","volume":"36","author":"RJ Butts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Butts RJ et al (2015) Estimating equations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables in Fontan patients: derivation and validation using a multicenter cross-sectional database. Pediatr Cardiol 36(2):393\u2013401","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.06.053","volume":"37","author":"S Ovroutski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ovroutski S et al (2010) Long-term cardiopulmonary exercise capacity after modified Fontan operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 37(1):204\u2013209","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2565_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.12.020","volume":"105","author":"BH Goldstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goldstein BH et al (2010) Relation of systemic venous return, pulmonary vascular resistance, and diastolic dysfunction to exercise capacity in patients with single ventricle receiving fontan palliation. Am J Cardiol 105(8):1169\u20131175","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"2565_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342101","volume":"334","author":"M Packer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Packer M et al (1996) The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med 334(21):1349\u20131355","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.01.051","volume":"153","author":"G Agnoletti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agnoletti G et al (2017) Endothelin inhibitors lower pulmonary vascular resistance and improve functional capacity in patients with Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 153(6):1468\u20131475","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2565_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.087","volume":"227","author":"A Legendre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Legendre A et al (2017) Usefulness of stroke volume monitoring during upright ramp incremental cycle exercise in young patients with Fontan circulation. Int J Cardiol 227:625\u2013630","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2565_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960180804","volume":"18","author":"WW Parmley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parmley WW (1995) Neuroendocrine changes in heart failure and their clinical relevance. Clin Cardiol 18(8):440\u2013445","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.10.030","volume":"150","author":"K Inai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Inai K, Nakanishi T, Nakazawa M (2005) Clinical correlation and prognostic predictive value of neurohumoral factors in patients late after the Fontan operation. Am Heart J 150(3):588\u2013594","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2011.00503.x","volume":"6","author":"H Ohuchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohuchi H et al (2011) Hyponatremia and its association with the neurohormonal activity and adverse clinical events in children and young adult patients after the Fontan operation. Congenit Heart Dis 6(4):304\u2013312","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2565_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.965186","volume":"5","author":"AM Swank","year":"2012","unstructured":"Swank AM et al (2012) Modest increase in peak VO2 is related to better clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure patients: results from heart failure and a controlled trial to investigate outcomes of exercise training. Circ Heart Fail 5(5):579\u2013585","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"22","key":"2565_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.582","volume":"69","author":"AM Atz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atz AM et al (2017) Longitudinal outcomes of patients with single ventricle after the Fontan procedure. J Am Coll Cardiol 69(22):2735\u20132744","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313518474","volume":"21","author":"A Barron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barron A et al (2014) Test\u2013retest repeatability of cardiopulmonary exercise test variables in patients with cardiac or respiratory disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 21(4):445\u2013453","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft017","volume":"15","author":"MJ Schuuring","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schuuring MJ et al (2013) Impact of bosentan on exercise capacity in adults after the Fontan procedure: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail 15(6):690\u2013698","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"2565_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.10.1171","volume":"298","author":"RE Shaddy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shaddy RE et al (2007) Carvedilol for children and adolescents with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 298(10):1171\u20131179","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300308","volume":"113","author":"A Lymperopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lymperopoulos A, Rengo G, Koch WJ (2013) Adrenergic nervous system in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapy. Circ Res 113(6):739\u2013753","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"2565_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq356","volume":"31","author":"GP Diller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diller GP et al (2010) Predictors of morbidity and mortality in contemporary Fontan patients: results from a multicenter study including cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 321 patients. Eur Heart J 31(24):3073\u20133083","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2565_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012008","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012008","volume":"8","author":"G Claessen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Claessen G et al (2019) Heart rate reserve in Fontan patients: chronotropic incompetence or hemodynamic limitation? J Am Heart Assoc 8(9):e012008","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2565_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981746","volume":"123","author":"DJ Goldberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldberg DJ et al (2011) Impact of oral sildenafil on exercise performance in children and young adults after the Fontan operation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Circulation 123(11):1185\u20131193","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02565-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02565-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02565-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T06:17:00Z","timestamp":1620627420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02565-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02565-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-0643","1432-1971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1971","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Texas Southwestern.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent and assent from all subjects or their guardians were obtained before enrollment.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors give their consent for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}