{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T10:00:03Z","timestamp":1781949603461,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alternative options for the correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) have been proposed. Each can be associated with variable risk for dysrhythmias, caval or pulmonary venous (PV) obstruction. A selective customized strategy to address PAPVC taking into account atrial shunt (AS) and growth potential was pursued. Between September 2014 and August 2018 21 PAPVC patients were identified. Two levels of reference determined the chosen repair strategy; azygous vein (AzV) and cavoatrial junction (CAJ). Six (Group-A) with PAPVC entering SVC cephalad to AV underwent a combined in-situ cavoatrial autologous reconstruction with atrial appendage advancement flap (CARAF). PAPVC entering caudally to AzV (Group-B) underwent alternative repair (caval division\/Warden-type or intraatrial rerouting) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15). Age was 8.3 (IQR:4.2\u201318.5) years for Group-A (vs 11.9; IQR:8.8\u201334.7 in Group-B) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.07). In Group-A 5(83%) had AS (vs 12[80%] Group-B; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.9). None had left SVC in Group-A (vs 1 in Group-B; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.9). Preoperative advanced imaging and echocardiographic hemodynamic evaluation was undertaken. Follow-up was complete (median 2.9; IQR:1.2\u20133.7 years). Freedom from atrial dysrhythmias, caval or PV obstruction was assessed. There were no early or late deaths. ICU and hospital length of stay were 1.8 \u00b1 1.1 and 3.2 \u00b1 0.5 days, respectively. No atrial dysrhythmias occurred postoperatively in Group-A (vs 1 in Group-B; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.9). No permanent pacemaker was implanted. All patients remained in normal sinus rhythm. There were no early or late caval\/PV obstruction. A customized approach reserves the advantages of each technique tailored to patient\u2019s needs. Expanding surgical capacity with favorable outlook for all PAPVC variations, irrespective of association with AS, can maximize efficiency and reproducibility paired with the lowest morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02583-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T18:02:21Z","timestamp":1617386541000},"page":"1064-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Repair: Customized Approach and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Mathis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Crethers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Buckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0981-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios C","family":"Polimenakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63485-6","volume":"25","author":"K Er","year":"1978","unstructured":"Er K, Frazier O, Da C, Pc G, Gj R, Fm S (1978) Sinus venosus atrial septal defect: early and late results following closure in 109 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 25:44\u201350","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.41.1.28","volume":"41","author":"KR Anderson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Anderson KR, Yen HS, Anderson RH (1979) Location and vascular supply of sinus node in human heart. Br Heart J 41:28\u201332","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2583_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90491-X","volume":"128","author":"S Van Praagh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Van Praagh S, Carrera ME, Sanders SP, Mayer JE, Van Praagh R (1994) Sinus venosus defects: unroofing of the right pulmonary veins anatomic and echocardiographic findings and surgical treatment. Am Heart J 128(2):365\u2013379","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2583_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2011.08.004","volume":"20","author":"V Agarwal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Agarwal V, Ke O, Abubakar U, Gichuhi S (2001) Impact of warden\u2019s procedure on the sinus rhythm. Heart, Lung Circ 20(11):718\u2013721","journal-title":"Heart, Lung Circ"},{"key":"2583_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:5<349::AID-CA11>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"11","author":"AZ Jam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jam AZ, Anderson RH (1998) The nature of the superior sinus venosus defect. Clin Anat 11:349\u2013352","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"13","key":"2583_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.493775","volume":"112","author":"Ch Attenhofer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Attenhofer Ch, Hm C, Gk D, Kr B, Hv S, Wk S, Aj T (2005) Sinus venosus atrial septal defect: long-term postoperative outcome For 115 patients. Circul 112(13):1953\u20138","journal-title":"Circul"},{"issue":"4","key":"2583_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2011.01270.x","volume":"26","author":"G Tp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tp G, Cs H, Nb D (2011) Surgical closure of sinus venosus atrial septal defect using a single patch-transcaval repair technique. J Card Surg 26(4):429\u2013434","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2583_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2010.00388.x","volume":"5","author":"G Ac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ac G, Mg M, Sm P, Ms C, Sa W, Jw G et al (2010) Long-term noninvasive arrhythmia assessment after surgical repair of sinus venosus atrial septal defect. Cong Heart Dis 5(2):141\u2013148","journal-title":"Cong Heart Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2583_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)90475-6","volume":"51","author":"JR Hamilton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hamilton JR, Brooks SG, Walker DE (1991) Alternative technique for repair of sinus venosus atrial septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 51(1):144\u2013146","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2583_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.08.076","volume":"133","author":"AP Iyer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iyer AP, Somanrema K, Pathak S, Manjunath PY, Pradhan S, Krishnan S (2007) Comparative study of single- and double-patch techniques for sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133(3):656\u2013659","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00150-J","volume":"59","author":"JW Gaynor","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gaynor JW, Burch M, Dollery C, Sullivan ID, Deanfield JE, Elliott MJ (1995) Repair of anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava. Ann Thorac Surg 59:1471\u20135","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63662-4","volume":"26","author":"AN Lewin","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lewin AN, Zavanella C, Subramanian S (1978) Sinus venosus atrial septal defect associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: surgical repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 26:185\u2013188","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2583_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00854-3","volume":"60","author":"RA Gustafson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gustafson RA, Warden HE, Murray GF (1995) Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava. Ann Thorac Surg 60(Suppl):614\u20137","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62317-X","volume":"38","author":"HE Warden","year":"1984","unstructured":"Warden HE, Gustafson RA, Tarnay TJ et al (1984) An alternative method for repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava. Ann Thorac Surg 38:601\u20135","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)30173-2","volume":"36","author":"FJ Lewis","year":"1958","unstructured":"Lewis FJ (1958) High defects of the atrial septum. J Thorac Surg 36:1\u201311","journal-title":"J Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR16","first-page":"214","volume":"43","author":"DA Cooley","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cooley DA, Latson JR, Keats AS (1958) Surgical considerations in repair of ventricular and atrial septal defects utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass; experience with 104 cases. Surgery 43:214\u201325","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2583_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)37898-5","volume":"79","author":"GA Trusler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Trusler GA, Kazenelson G, Freedom RM, Williams WG, Rowe RD (1980) Late results following repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with sinus venosus atrial septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 79:776\u2013781","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65949-8","volume":"46","author":"M Ohmi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ohmi M, Mohri H (1988) A single pericardial patch technique for repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage associated with sinus venosus atrial septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 46:360\u2013361","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.12.029","volume":"85","author":"RK Woods","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woods RK, Cleveland KI (2008) Alternative repair for challenging variants of partial anomalous pulmonary veins. Ann Thorac Surg 85:1823\u20131824","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(00)70009-2","volume":"119","author":"CA Nicholson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nicholson CA, Chard RB, Nunn GR, Cartmill TB (2000) Transcaval repair of the sinus venosus syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 119:741\u2013744","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90038-J","volume":"55","author":"SY Deleon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Deleon SY, Freeman JE, Ilbawi MN (1993) surgical techniques in partial anomalous pulmonary veins to the superior vena cava. Ann Thorac Surg 55:1222\u20131226","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.05.046","volume":"84","author":"B Alsoufi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alsoufi B, Cai S, Van Arsdell GS, Williams WG, Caldarone CA, Coles JG (2007) Outcomes after surgical treatment of children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ann Thorac Surg 84:2020\u20132026","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2583_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.04.130","volume":"84","author":"RD Stewart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stewart RD, Bailliard F, Kelle Am, Backer CI, Young L, Mavroudis C (2007) Evolving surgical strategy for sinus venosus atrial septal defect: effect on sinus node function and late venous obstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 84(5):1651\u20131665","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63026-3","volume":"41","author":"S Stewart","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stewart S, Alexon C, Manning J (1986) Early and late results of repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava with a pericardial baffle. Ann Thorac Surg 41:498\u2013501","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.09.074","volume":"143","author":"Sm Said","year":"2012","unstructured":"Said Sm, Burkhart HM, Schaff HV (2012) Single-patch, 2-patch, and caval division techniques for repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections: does it matter? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 143:896\u2013903","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2583_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.03.045","volume":"86","author":"GB Luciani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luciani GB, Viscardi F, Pilati M, Crepaz R, Faggian G, Mazzucco A (2008) Age at repair affects the very long-term outcome of sinus venosus defect. Ann Thorac Surg 86(1):153\u2013159","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2583_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-018-1874-x","volume":"12","author":"N Ishida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ishida N, Shimabukuro K, Yamaguchi S et al (2018) Surgical repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with intact atrial septum in 65-year old woman: a case report. J Med Case Rep 12(1):350\u20131","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2583_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.07.015","volume":"81","author":"A Shahriari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shahriari A, Rodefeld MD, Turrentine MW (2006) Caval division technique for sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ann Thorac Surg 81:224\u201330","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00157-G","volume":"59","author":"V Pathi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pathi V, Guererro R, MacArthur K, Jamieson MP, Pollock JCS (1995) Sinus venosus defect: single patch repair with caval enlargement. Ann Thorac Surg 59:1588\u20139","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.01.057","volume":"157","author":"H Hongu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hongu H, Yamagishi M, Maeda Y, Itatani K, Asada S, Fujita S et al (2019) Double-decker repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return into the superior vena cava. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 157:1970\u20137","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR31","first-page":"173","volume":"4","author":"Z Stankovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stankovic Z, Allen BD, Garcia J, Jarvis KB, Markl M (2014) 4D flow imaging with MRI. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 4:173\u201392","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02583-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02583-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02583-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T13:10:16Z","timestamp":1623330616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02583-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02583-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-0643","1432-1971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1971","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}