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To investigate and compare the efficacy of corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and colchicine in treating postoperative pericardial effusion (PPE) following cardiac surgery in the pediatric setting, on the basis of available literature. A systematic review was conducted by carrying out a database search in PubMed on April 20th, 2021. An English language filter was added, but no time restrictions were applied. Lack of pediatric literature prompted a broadening of the search to include adult literature. One pediatric and four adult studies were included, but the pediatric evidence was not found to be of satisfactory quality, and the findings of adult literature could not be readily generalized to the pediatric setting. No well-founded conclusions could be drawn regarding the efficacy of corticosteroids, NSAIDs, or colchicine in treating PPE, as a striking lack of evidence for their efficacy in the pediatric setting were revealed. A knowledge gap was found in the literature, indicating a need for good-quality randomized controlled trials to bridge this gap.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02820-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T11:02:32Z","timestamp":1642762952000},"page":"279-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Efficacy of Corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and Colchicine in the Treatment of Pediatric Postoperative Pericardial Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nirmiti","family":"Somani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Breur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.09.026","volume":"89","author":"EA Ashikhmina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ashikhmina EA, Schaff HV, Sinak LJ et al (2010) Pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery: risk factors, patient profiles, and contemporary management. 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