{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:38:32Z","timestamp":1792712312655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common arrhythmia in neonates and infants, and pharmacological therapy is recommended to prevent recurrent episodes. This retrospective study aims to describe and analyze the practice patterns, effectiveness, and outcome of drug therapy for SVT in patients within the first year of life. Among the 67 patients analyzed, 48 presented with atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, 18 with focal atrial, and one with atrioventricular nodal re-entrant. Fetal tachycardia was reported in 27%. Antiarrhythmic treatment consisted of beta-receptor blocking agents in 42 patients, propafenone in 20, amiodarone in 20, and digoxin in 5. Arrhythmia control was achieved with single drug therapy in 70% of the patients, 21% needed dual therapy, and 6% triple. Propafenone was discontinued in 7 infants due to widening of the QRS complex. After 12\u00a0months (6\u201360), 75% of surviving patients were tachycardia-free and discontinued prophylactic treatment. Patients with fetal tachycardia had a significantly higher risk of persistent tachycardia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>: 0.007). Prophylactic antiarrhythmic medication for SVT in infancy is safe and well tolerated. Arrhythmia control is often achieved with single medication, and after cessation, most patients are free of arrhythmias. Infants with SVT and a history of fetal tachycardia are more prone to suffer from persistent SVT and relapses after cessation of prophylactic antiarrhythmic medication than infants with the first episode of SVT after birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02853-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T07:02:44Z","timestamp":1646722964000},"page":"1311-1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antiarrhythmic Medication in Neonates and Infants with Supraventricular Tachycardia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Bruder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Gass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Balmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Cavigelli-Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20141022-13","volume":"43","author":"AD Spearman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spearman AD, Williams P (2014) Supraventricular tachycardia in infancy and childhood. Pediatr Ann 43:456\u2013460","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"2853_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930.58.2.94","volume":"58","author":"U Bauersfeld","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauersfeld U, Pfammatter J-P (2001) Diagnosis and treatment of common pediatric supraventricular tachycardias. Ther Umsch 58:94\u201398","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"2853_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut082","volume":"15","author":"J Brugada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brugada J, Blom N, Sarquella-Brugada G, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Deanfield J, Janousek J, Abrams D, Bauersfeld U, Brugada R, Drago F et al (2013) Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement. Europace 15:1337\u20131382","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2853_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90052-6","volume":"131","author":"SN Weindling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weindling SN, Saul JP, Walsh EP (1996) Efficacy and risks of medical therapy for supraventricular tachycardia in neonates and infants. Am Heart J 131:66\u201372","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2853_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.06.002","volume":"92","author":"TA Tortoriello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tortoriello TA, Snyder CS, Smith EO, Fenrich AL, Friedman RA, Kertesz NJ (2003) Frequency of recurrence among infants with supraventricular tachycardia and comparison of recurrence rates among those with and without preexcitation and among those with and without response to digoxin and\/or propranolol therapy. Am J Cardiol 92:1045\u20131049","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2853_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-005-1126-x","volume":"27","author":"KK Wong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong KK, Potts JE, Etheridge SP, Sanatani S (2006) Medications used to manage supraventricular tachycardia in the infant a North American survey. Pediatr Cardiol 27:199\u2013203","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2853_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80578-1","volume":"98","author":"A Garson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Garson A, Gillette PC, McNamara DG (1981) Supraventricular tachycardia in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up in 217 patients. J Pediatr 98:875\u2013882","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2853_CR8","first-page":"e030243","volume":"3","author":"P Neroni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neroni P, Ottonello G, Manus D, Atzei A, Trudu E, Floris S, Fanos V (2014) Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: physiopathology and management. J Pediatri Neonatal Individ Med 3:e030243","journal-title":"J Pediatri Neonatal Individ Med"},{"key":"2853_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000006873","volume":"91","author":"TW Riggs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Riggs TW, Byrd JA, Weinhouse E (1999) Recurrence risk of supraventricular tachycardia in pediatric patients. Cardiology 91:25\u201333","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2853_CR10","first-page":"167","volume":"9","author":"AS Nadas","year":"1952","unstructured":"Nadas AS, Daeschner CW, Roth A, Blumenthal SL (1952) Paroxysmal tachycardia in infants and children; study of 41 cases. Pediatrics 9:167\u2013181","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2853_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000229","volume":"15","author":"CP Hornik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hornik CP, Chu PY, Li JS, Clark RH, Smith PB, Hill KD (2014) Comparative effectiveness of digoxin and propranolol for supraventricular tachycardia in infants. Pediatr Crit Care Med 15:839\u2013845","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2853_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.972620","volume":"5","author":"S Sanatani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanatani S, Potts JE, Reed JH, Saul JP, Stephenson EA, Gibbs KA, Anderson CC, Mackie AS, Ro PS, Tisma-Dupanovic S et al (2012) The study of antiarrhythmic medications in infancy (SAMIS): a multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of digoxin versus propranolol for prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardia in infants. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 5:984\u2013991","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2853_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.51.1.26","volume":"51","author":"A Lundberg","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lundberg A (1973) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in infancy: follow-up study of 47 subjects rangingin age from 10 to 26 years. Pediatrics 51:26\u201335","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2853_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.492","volume":"90","author":"JP Saul","year":"1994","unstructured":"Saul JP, Hulse JE, Papagiannis J, Van Praagh R, Walsh EP (1994) Late enlargement of radiofrequency lesions in infant lambs. Implications for ablation procedures in small children. Circulation 90:492\u2013499","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2853_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467","volume":"41","author":"J Brugada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brugada J, Katritsis DG, Arbelo E, Arribas F, Bax JJ, Blomstr\u00f6m-Lunqvist C, Calkins H, Corrado D, Deftereos SG, Diller G-P et al (2020) 2019 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia: the task force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): developed in collaboration with the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 41:655\u2013720","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2853_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114001619","volume":"25","author":"BS Moffett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moffett BS, Lupo PJ, delaUZ CM, Valdes SO, Miyake CY, Decker JA, Kim JJ (2015) Efficacy of digoxin in comparison with propranolol for treatment of infant supraventricular tachycardia: analysis of a large, national database. Cardiol Young 25:1080\u20131085","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2853_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.08.067","volume":"166","author":"AL Barton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barton AL, Moffett BS, Valdes SO, Miyake C, Kim JJ (2015) Efficacy and safety of high-dose propranolol for the management of infant supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Pediatr 166:115\u2013118","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2853_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1707-5","volume":"38","author":"T Cunningham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cunningham T, Uzun O, Morris R, Franciosi S, Wong A, Jeremiasen I, Sherwin E, Sanatani S (2017) The safety and effectiveness of flecainide in children in the current era. Pediatr Cardiol 38:1633\u20131638","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2853_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328329154d","volume":"10","author":"M Ferlini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferlini M, Colli AM, Bonanomi C, Salvini L, Galli MA, Salice P, Ravaglia R, Centola M, Danzi GB (2009) Flecainide as first-line treatment for supraventricular tachycardia in newborns. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 10:372\u2013375","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"2853_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90467-V","volume":"122","author":"P Guccione","year":"1991","unstructured":"Guccione P, Drago F, Di Donato RM, Cicini MP, Pasquini L, Marino B, Marcelletti C, Ragonese P (1991) Oral propafenone therapy for children with arrhythmias: efficacy and adverse effects in midterm follow-up. Am Heart J 122:1022\u20131027","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2853_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00800674","volume":"15","author":"T Paul","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paul T, Janousek J (1994) New antiarrhythmic drugs in pediatric use: propafenone. Pediatr Cardiol 15:190\u2013197","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2853_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00142-8","volume":"81","author":"J Janousek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Janousek J, Paul T (1998) Safety of oral propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmias in infants and children (European retrospective multicenter study). Working group on pediatric arrhythmias and electrophysiology of the Association of European Pediatric Cardiologists. Am J Cardiol 81:1121\u20131124","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2853_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90646-3","volume":"68","author":"A Reimer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reimer A, Paul T, Kallfelz HC (1991) Efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral propafenone in pediatric cardiac dysrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 68:741\u2013744","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2853_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00823.x","volume":"97","author":"T Gilljam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilljam T, Jaeggi E, Gow RM (2008) Neonatal supraventricular tachycardia: outcomes over a 27-year period at a single institution. Acta Paediatr 97:1035\u20131039","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2853_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.001","volume":"87","author":"ND Hahurij","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hahurij ND, Blom NA, Lopriore E, Aziz MI, Nagel HT, Rozendaal L, Vandenbussche FP (2011) Perinatal management and long-term cardiac outcome in fetal arrhythmia. Early Hum Dev 87:83\u201387","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2853_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951109990497","volume":"19","author":"R Luli\u0107 Jurjevi\u0107","year":"2009","unstructured":"Luli\u0107 Jurjevi\u0107 R, Podnar T, Vesel S (2009) Diagnosis, clinical features, management, and post-natal follow-up of fetal tachycardias. Cardiol Young 19:486\u2013493","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2853_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3281053bf1","volume":"9","author":"M D\u2019Alto","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Alto M, Russo MG, Paladini D, Di Salvo G, Romeo E, Ricci C, Felicetti M, Tartaglione A, Cardaropoli D, Pacileo G et al (2008) The challenge of fetal dysrhythmias: echocardiographic diagnosis and clinical management. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 9:153\u2013160","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-022-02853-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00246-022-02853-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-022-02853-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T08:05:03Z","timestamp":1658131503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00246-022-02853-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-022-02853-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-0643","1432-1971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1971","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no financial or non-financial conflict of interest that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The local and institutional ethics committee approved the study. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}