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The detection of ASDs often occurs late in childhood or adulthood. Little is known about cardiac structure and function in neonates with ASD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We analyzed neonatal echocardiograms from the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study, a multicenter, population-based cohort study of 27,595 neonates. We included 716 neonates with secundum-type ASDs and matched them 1:1 on sex and age at examination with neonates without ASD from the same birth cohort. Neonates with an ASD (median age 11\u00a0days, 52% female) had larger right ventricular (RV) dimensions than matched controls (RV longitudinal dimension end-diastole: 27.7\u00a0mm vs. 26.7\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; RV basal dimension end-diastole: 14.9\u00a0mm vs. 13.8\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and RV outflow tract diameter 13.6\u00a0mm vs. 12.4\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Atrial volumes were larger in neonates with ASD compared to controls (right atrial end-systolic volume: 2.9\u00a0ml vs. 2.1\u00a0ml, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and left atrial end-systolic volume 2.0\u00a0ml vs. 1.8\u00a0ml, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was larger in neonates with ASD than in controls (10.2\u00a0mm vs. 9.6\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Left ventricular dimensions and function did not differ between neonates with ASD and controls. In conclusion, ASDs were associated with altered cardiac dimensions already in the neonatal period, with larger right ventricular dimensions and larger atrial volumes at echocardiography within the first 30\u00a0days after birth.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:<\/jats:bold> NCT02753348 (April 27, 2016).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-023-03211-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T16:02:42Z","timestamp":1687881762000},"page":"1578-1586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Atrial Septal Defect: Larger Right Ventricular Dimensions and Atrial Volumes as Early as in the First Month After Birth\u2014a Case\u2013Control Study Including 716 Neonates"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Dehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Dannesbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2464-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sellmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7481-2269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"H\u00f8ffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1607-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Blixenkrone-M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Sillesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8665-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Axelsson","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5362-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Vejlstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasper","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0563-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Bundgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8047-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vibeke","family":"Hjortdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13250","volume":"33","author":"VS Akula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akula VS, Durgaprasad R, Velam V, Kasala L, Rodda M, Erathi HV (2016) Right ventricle before and after atrial septal defect device closure. 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