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Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for neonates with non-benign arrhythmias to avoid severe complications, and ongoing treatment and follow-up are sometimes needed. The main objective of this study will be to understand the incidence and demographic characteristics of arrhythmias in hospitalized neonates in China and the related factors of outcomes. A secondary objective will be to establish the first follow-up system for neonatal arrhythmias in China. The medical burdens of neonatal arrhythmias in China will also be investigated. The data from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development (FRCPD) database between January 2016 and December 2021 were obtained. Newborns admitted to member hospitals with a discharge diagnosis of \u201cneonatal arrhythmia\u201d (ICD-10 code P29.151) or \u201carrhythmia\u201d (ICD-10 code I49.904) were included. The medical record information was collected and classified into two groups: heart failure and non-heart failure. The differences between the two groups and independent risk factors for neonatal arrhythmias complicated with heart failure were analyzed. In addition, a follow-up study of patients discharged from Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital was conducted to evaluate their outcomes at the age of 3 years old. Factors influencing hospitalization costs were analyzed using rank-sum tests and multiple linear regression. It is anticipated that the study findings will provide new and comprehensive data on the health needs of neonatal arrhythmias in China. The study will establish the first follow-up system for neonatal arrhythmias in China. This study will help reduce the burden of patients and their families as well as the society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-024-03421-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T17:02:03Z","timestamp":1708362123000},"page":"814-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Outcomes and Medical Burdens of Neonatal Arrhythmias in Children\u2019s Hospitals in China: A Protocol for Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoshuang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Hei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1048679","volume":"29","author":"DU Isik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Isik DU, Celik IH, Kavurt S, Aydemir O, Kibar AE, Bas AY et al (2016) A case series of neonatal arrhythmias. 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