{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:31:48Z","timestamp":1793457108607,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-025-03984-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T01:59:34Z","timestamp":1755136774000},"page":"1976-1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Infective Endocarditis in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: Results from a National Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzia","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Avesani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Oreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Gaudieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"Sabatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berardo","family":"Sarubbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Prevention in Paediatric Age of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Correction to: 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis: Developed by the task force on the management of endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2024 Jan 1;45(1):56 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad776. Erratum for: Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 14;44(39):3948\u20134042. PMID: 38086544","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad776"},{"issue":"7","key":"3984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313917","volume":"103","author":"J Jortveit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jortveit J, Klcovansky J, Eskedal L, Birkeland S, D\u00f8hlen G, Holmstr\u00f8m H (2018) Endocarditis in children and adolescents with congenital heart defects: a Norwegian nationwide register-based cohort study. Arch Dis Child 103(7):670\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313917. (Epub 2018 Mar 6 PMID: 29510997)","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"3984_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.798751","volume":"119","author":"MD Day","year":"2009","unstructured":"Day MD, Gauvreau K, Shulman S, Newburger JW (2009) Characteristics of children hospitalized with infective endocarditis. Circulation 119(6):865\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.798751. Epub 2009 Feb 2. Erratum in: Circulation.\n2010 Nov 23;122(21):e560. PMID: 19188508","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3984_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2016.09.003","volume":"27","author":"Y Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh Y, Ganjoo N (2017) Infective endocarditis in children. Paediatr Child Health 27(2):68\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paed.2016.09.003","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"3984_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020593","volume":"99","author":"W Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu W, He J, Shao X (2020) Incidence and mortality trend of congenital heart disease at the global, regional, and national level, 1990\u20132017. Medicine (Baltimore) 99(23):e20593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000020593","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"22","key":"3984_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226839","volume":"13","author":"N Borrelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Borrelli N, Merola A, Barracano R, Palma M, Altobelli I, Abbate M, Papaccioli G, Ciriello GD, Liguori C, Sorice D, De Luca L, Scognamiglio G, Sarubbi B (2024) The unique challenge of coronary artery disease in adult patients with congenital heart disease. J Clin Med 13(22):6839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13226839","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3984_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1301116","volume":"11","author":"M Avesani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Avesani M, Sabatino J, Borrelli N, Cattapan I, Leo I, Pelaia G, Moscatelli S, Bianco F, Bassareo P, Martino F, Leonardi B, Oreto L, Guccione P, Di Salvo G (2024) The mechanics of congenital heart disease: from a morphological trait to the functional echocardiographic evaluation. Front Cardiovasc Med 11:1301116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1301116","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"3984_CR8","first-page":"S12","volume":"88","author":"P Lertsapcharoen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lertsapcharoen P, Khongphatthanayothin A, Chotivittayatarakorn P, Thisyakorn C, Pathmanand C, Sueblinvong V (2005) Infective endocarditis in pediatric patients: an eighteen-year experience from King Chulalongkorn memorial hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 88(Suppl 4):S12\u2013S16 (PMID: 16622995)","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"3","key":"3984_CR9","first-page":"237","volume":"63","author":"A Saxena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saxena A, Aggarwal N, Gupta P, Juneja R, Kothari SS, Math R (2011) Predictors of embolic events in pediatric infective endocarditis. Indian Heart J 63(3):237\u2013240 (PMID: 22734342)","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"3984_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.01.012","volume":"259","author":"E Havers-Borgersen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Havers-Borgersen E, Butt JH, \u00d8stergaard L, Petersen JK, Torp-Pedersen C, K\u00f8ber L, Fosb\u00f8l EL (2023) Long-term incidence of infective endocarditis among patients with congenital heart disease. Am Heart J 259:9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.01.012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"3984_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.05.014","volume":"215","author":"TJ Cahill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cahill TJ, Jewell PD, Denne L, Franklin RC, Frigiola A, Orchard E, Prendergast BD (2019) Contemporary epidemiology of infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease: a UK prospective study. Am Heart J 215:70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.05.014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"13","key":"3984_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001827","volume":"128","author":"D Rushani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rushani D, Kaufman JS, Ionescu-Ittu R, Mackie AS, Pilote L, Therrien J, Marelli AJ (2013) Infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease: cumulative incidence and predictors. Circulation 128(13):1412\u20131419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001827. (PMID: 24060942)","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"3984_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.043323.PMID:15894782;PMCID:PMC1768964","volume":"91","author":"K Niwa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niwa K, Nakazawa M, Tateno S, Yoshinaga M, Terai M (2005) Infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease: Japanese national collaboration study. Heart 91(6):795\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2004.043323.PMID:15894782;PMCID:PMC1768964","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"9","key":"3984_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05606-3","volume":"183","author":"I Mar\u00edn-Cruz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Cruz I, Pedrero-Tom\u00e9 R, Toral B, Flores M, Orellana-Miguel M\u00c1, Boni L, Belda-Hofheinz S, Prieto-Tato LM, Fern\u00e1ndez-Cooke E, Epalza C, L\u00f3pez-Medrano F, Rojo P, Bl\u00e1zquez-Gamero D (2024) Infective endocarditis in pediatric patients: a decade of insights from a leading Spanish heart surgery reference center. Eur J Pediatr 183(9):3905\u20133913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05606-3","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"24","key":"3984_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13243638","volume":"13","author":"S Moscatelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moscatelli S, Leo I, Bianco F, Surkova E, Pezel T, Donald NA, Triumbari EKA, Bassareo PP, Pradhan A, Cimini A, Perrone MA (2023) The role of multimodality imaging in patients with congenital heart disease and infective endocarditis. Diagnostics 13(24):3638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13243638","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"3984_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa554","volume":"42","author":"H Baumgartner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu-Narayan SV, Budts W, Chessa M, Diller GP, Lung B, Kluin J, Lang IM, Meijboom F, Moons P, Mulder BJM, Oechslin E, Roos-Hesselink JW, Schwerzmann M, Sondergaard L, Zeppenfeld K, ESC Scientific Document Group (2021) 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 42(6):563\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa554","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3984_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.06.024","volume":"158","author":"B Khoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khoo B, Buratto E, Fricke TA, Gelbart B, Brizard CP, Brink J, d\u2019Udekem Y, Konstantinov IE (2019) Outcomes OF SURGERY FOR INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN CHILDREN: A 30-YEAR EXPERIENCE. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 158:1399\u20131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.06.024","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3984_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)01206-7","volume":"37","author":"G Di Salvo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Di Salvo G, Habib G, Pergola V, Avierinos JF, Philip E, Casalta JP, Vailloud JM, Derumeaux G, Gouvernet J, Ambrosi P, Lambert M, Ferracci A, Raoult D, Luccioni R (2001) Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 37(4):1069\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)01206-7","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"3984_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-230","volume":"14","author":"M Rizzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rizzi M, Ravasio V, Carobbio A, Mattucci I, Crapis M, Stellini R, Pasticci MB, Chinello P, Falcone M, Grossi P, Barbaro F, Pan A, Viale P, Durante-Mangoni E; Investigators of the Italian Study on Endocarditis (2014) Predicting the occurrence of embolic events: an analysis of episodes of infective endocarditis from the Italian Study on Endocarditis. BMC Infect Dis 2014 Apr 29;14:230https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-230 PMID: 24779617; PMCID: PMC4101861","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3984_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.493155","volume":"112","author":"F Thuny","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thuny F, Di Salvo G, Belliard O, Avierinos JF, Pergola V, Rosenberg V, Casalta JP, Gouvernet J, Derumeaux G, Iarussi D, Ambrosi P, Calabr\u00f3 R, Riberi A, Collart F, Metras D, Lepidi H, Raoult D, Harle JR, Weiller PJ, Cohen A, Habib G (2005) Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography: a prospective multicenter study. Circulation. 112(1):69-75.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.493155 Epub 2005 Jun 27.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"3984_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-668x(03)00309-9","volume":"24","author":"G Di Salvo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Di Salvo G, Thuny F, Rosenberg V, Pergola V, Belliard O, Derumeaux G, Cohen A, Iarussi D, Giorgi R, Casalta JP, Caso P, Habib G (2003) Endocarditis in the elderly: clinical, echocardiographic, and prognostic features. Eur Heart J 24(17):1576\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0195-668x(03)00309-9. (PMID: 12927193)","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3984_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(01)01914-2","volume":"88","author":"V Pergola","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pergola V, Di Salvo G, Habib G, Avierinos JF, Philip E, Vailloud JM, Thuny F, Casalta JP, Ambrosi P, Lambert M, Riberi A, Ferracci A, Mesana T, Metras D, Harle JR, Weiller PJ, Raoult D, Luccioni R (2001) Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of Streptococcus bovis endocarditis with that caused by other pathogens. Am J Cardiol 88(8):871\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9149(01)01914-2","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3984_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1086\/513197","volume":"44","author":"NS Anavekar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anavekar NS, Tleyjeh IM, Anavekar NS, Mirzoyev Z, Steckelberg JM, Haddad C, Khandaker MH, Wilson WR, Chandrasekaran K, Baddour LM (2007) Impact of prior antiplatelet therapy on risk of embolism in infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 44(9):1180\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/513197","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3984_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061862","volume":"14","author":"N BorrellI","year":"2025","unstructured":"Borrelli, N., Sabatino, J., Gimelli, A., Avesani, M., Pergola, V., Leo, I., Moscatelli, S., Abbate, M., Motta, R., De Sarro, R., Ielapi, J., Sicilia, F., Perrone, M. A., Bassareo, P. P., Sarubbi, B., Di Salvo, G. (2025). on behalf of the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Prevention in Paediatric Age of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC). Multimodality Imaging Approach to Infective Endocarditis: Current Opinion in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine 14(6):1862https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14061862","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"26","key":"3984_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw591","volume":"38","author":"JM Kuijpers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuijpers JM, Koolbergen DR, Groenink M, Peels KCH, Reichert CLA, Post MC, Bosker HA, Wajon EMCJ, Zwinderman AH, Mulder BJM, Bouma BJ (2017) Incidence, risk factors, and predictors of infective endocarditis in adult congenital heart disease: focus on the use of prosthetic material. Eur Heart J 38(26):2048\u20132056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw591. (PMID: 28065906)","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3984_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.035","volume":"249","author":"B Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore B, Cao J, Kotchetkova I, Celermajer DS (2017) Incidence, predictors and outcomes of infective endocarditis in a contemporary adult congenital heart disease population. Int J Cardiol 249:161\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.035","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3984_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac227","volume":"30","author":"KW Giang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giang KW, Mandalenakis Z, Fedchenko M, Eriksson P, Rosengren A, Norman M, Hans\u00e9us K, Dellborg M (2023) Congenital heart disease: changes in recorded birth prevalence and cardiac interventions over the past half-century in Sweden. Eur J Prev Cardiol 30(2):169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac227","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3984_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113217","volume":"11","author":"L Vicent","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vicent L, Luna R, Mart\u00ednez-Sell\u00e9s M (2022) Pediatric infective endocarditis: a literature review. J Clin Med 11(11):3217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11113217","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3984_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12425","volume":"12","author":"S Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta S, Sakhuja A, McGrath E, Asmar B (2017) Trends, microbiology, and outcomes of infective endocarditis in children during 2000\u20132010 in the United States. Congenit Heart Dis 12(2):196\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/chd.12425. (Epub 2016 Nov 25 PMID: 27885814)","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3984_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-021-01532-9","volume":"16","author":"K Meidrops","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meidrops K, Zuravlova A, Osipovs JD, Kalejs M, Groma V, Petrosina E, Reinis A, Strike E, Dumpis U, Erglis A, Stradins P (2021) Comparison of outcome between blood culture positive and negative infective endocarditis patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 16(1):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-021-01532-9","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-025-03984-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00246-025-03984-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-025-03984-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:16:55Z","timestamp":1777994215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00246-025-03984-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-025-03984-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-0643","1432-1971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1971","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research reported in this paper adhered to the STROBE guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}}]}}