{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:09:01Z","timestamp":1783814941947,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV2 infection. Prior reports demonstrate that frequency of MIS-C and severity of its cardiovascular findings decreased with the emergence of the Omicron variant at the end of 2021. Recent CDC variants of concern are subtypes of Omicron from the lineage of JN.1, which become the predominant circulating subtype in 1\/2024. This single center study compares MIS-C prevalence and its cardiovascular findings in patients who developed MIS-C in 1\/2024 or later to those associated with older Omicron subtypes (1\/2022 to 12\/2024). Six patients were hospitalized with MIS-C from 1\/2024 to 4\/2025 compared to 26 patients from 1\/2022 to 12\/2023 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). All six patients of the recent cohort developed left ventricular dysfunction compared with four in the prior cohort (6\/6 vs. 4\/26,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0002). Troponin elevation was found in all six of the recent cohort and in 11 of the prior cohort (6\/6 vs. 11\/26,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.019). Vasodilation requiring vasopressor support occurred in five from the recent cohort and two of the prior cohort (5\/6 vs. 2\/26,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016). Two recent cohort patients were supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; one died secondary to intractable vasodilation. All surviving patients had complete resolution of the cardiovascular findings within one week. MIS-C appears less common in the current era of COVID-19 Omicron variants but may be associated with more severe cardiovascular manifestations. Despite generally rapid recovery of cardiac function, the severity observed in this cohort highlights the need for continued vigilance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-026-04380-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T07:53:55Z","timestamp":1783756435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Recent Omicron COVID-19 Subtypes is Rare but Involves Severe Cardiovascular Features"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8469-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"4380_CR1","unstructured":"CDC (2025). People with certain medical conditions and COVID-19 risk factors, cited 2026. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/risk-factors\/index.html"},{"issue":"6","key":"4380_CR2","first-page":"803","volume":"39","author":"AS Harahsheh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harahsheh AS et al (2023) Management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: decision-making regarding a new condition in the absence of clinical trial data. Can J Cardiol 39(6):803\u2013814","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"4380_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1037","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001064","volume":"145","author":"PN Jone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jone PN et al (2022) SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated cardiovascular manifestations and complications in children and young adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 145(19):e1037\u2013e1052","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"4380_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021680","volume":"383","author":"LR Feldstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feldstein LR et al (2020) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 383(4):334\u2013346","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4380_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03766-6","volume":"180","author":"F Sperotto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sperotto F et al (2021) Cardiac manifestations in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a comprehensive review and proposed clinical approach. Eur J Pediatr 180(2):307\u2013322","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"4380_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002954","volume":"23","author":"A Alali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alali A et al (2022) Vasoplegic shock represents a dominant hemodynamic profile of multisystem inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Pediatr Crit Care Med 23(6):e295\u2013e299","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4380_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951123000793","volume":"33","author":"J Kaltman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaltman J et al (2023) Six-month cardiac outcomes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Cardiol Young 33(12):2632\u20132638","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"13","key":"4380_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2021.06.043","volume":"3","author":"DS Villacis-Nunez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Villacis-Nunez DS et al (2021) Giant coronary aneurysms in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. JACC Case Rep 3(13):1499\u20131508","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"4380_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051155","author":"KM Farooqi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farooqi KM et al (2021) Longitudinal outcomes for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2021-051155","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4380_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.23-116","volume":"64","author":"T Nishikubo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nishikubo T et al (2023) The first case in japan of fulminant myocarditis due to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that required mechanical circulatory support. Int Heart J 64(4):783\u2013788","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4380_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2022.02.033","volume":"54","author":"J Sliwka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sliwka J et al (2022) Heart transplantation as a result of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome in an adolescent. Transpl Proc 54(4):1167\u20131168","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"issue":"3","key":"4380_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-023-03397-2","volume":"45","author":"RS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan RS et al (2024) Evolution of cardiovascular findings in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) across COVID-19 variants: common trends and unusual presentations. Pediatr Cardiol 45(3):552\u2013559","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4380_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17054","volume":"113","author":"T Bellini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bellini T et al (2024) Epidemiological and clinical evolution of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a tertiary Italian children\u2019s hospital. Acta Paediatr 113(3):523\u2013530","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"4380_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144146","volume":"13","author":"A Stasiak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stasiak A, Kedziora P, Smolewska E (2024) Complications of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection-many facets of one disease-a literature review based on a case report. J Clin Med 13:1446","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4380_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.114419","volume":"278","author":"F Lohrmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lohrmann F et al (2025) Severity of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 diminished during successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: data from a nationwide German survey. J Pediatr 278:114419","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4380_CR16","unstructured":"CDC (2025) Variants and genomic surveillance, Cited 2026.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/php\/variants\/variants-and-genomic-surveillance.html"},{"key":"4380_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CDC (2024) Genomic surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variants: circulation of omicron XBB and JN.1 Lineages-United States, Accessed May 2023-September 2024, Cited 2026,\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/73\/wr\/mm7342a1.htm","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7342a1"},{"issue":"4","key":"4380_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7104a1","volume":"71","author":"M Melgar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melgar M et al (2022) Council of state and territorial epidemiologists\/CDC surveillance case definition for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection - United States. MMWR Recomm Rep 71(4):1\u201314","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"4380_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-063259","author":"M Day-Lewis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Day-Lewis M et al (2024) Updated case definition of MIS-C and implications for clinical care. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2023-063259","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4380_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06153-1","volume":"184","author":"T Carzaniga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carzaniga T et al (2025) Dynamics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated to COVID-19: steady severity despite declining cases and new SARS-CoV-2 variants-a single-center cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 184(6):327","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4380_CR21","first-page":"1383","volume":"12","author":"CC Suteu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Suteu CC et al (2025) Cardiac manifestations and persistent myocardial dysfunction in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: insights from conventional and strain echocardiography. Child (Basel) 12(10):1383","journal-title":"Child (Basel)"},{"key":"4380_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2684-7721","author":"HO Temur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Temur HO et al (2025) Long-term follow-up of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: a prospective study. Klin Padiatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2684-7721","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"4380_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.06.002","volume":"209","author":"KH Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen KH et al (2022) Child and adolescent COVID-19 vaccination status and reasons for non-vaccination by parental vaccination status. Public Health 209:82\u201389","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4380_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591231226290","volume":"40","author":"N Miller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miller N, Sandhu HS, Anton-Martin P (2025) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in multisystem inflammatory syndrome of childhood - An extracorporeal life support organization registry study. Perfusion 40(1):174\u2013182","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"4380_CR25","unstructured":"CDC (2024) Notes from the field: surveillance for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - United States, 2023, Cited 2026. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/73\/wr\/mm7310a2.htm?fbclid=IwAR09fqUTrfYTg330vSAngk5fbY6qcDLscWQkRYc6oSPUJ0KbNT4jy1OFd9g"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04380-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04380-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04380-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:02:47Z","timestamp":1783814567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04380-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["4380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04380-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-0643","1432-1971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1971","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}