{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:30:00Z","timestamp":1786707000385,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL127164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL127164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) have varying degrees of readiness to transition to adulthood, including CHD knowledge, disease management skills, and engagement in the transition process. The objective of our study was to determine if educational and skill building visits in an individualized in-person transition program were feasible and improved these aspects of transition readiness. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analysis of an in-person transition program from 2019 to 2021. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 14\u201321 years old with age-appropriate neurodevelopment who had established CHD care for structural, electrophysiologic, or primary genetic cardiovascular disorder. CHD knowledge, transition skills, readiness for change, and level of engagement were assessed using a novel knowledge questionnaire, a validated skills questionnaire, and transition team assessment. Multivariate mixed linear regression modeling with repeated measures for those with serial visits assessed for change. 519 patients participated in 714 transition encounters, and 143 encounters were serial visits. Lower scores were associated with non-private insurance, but no association was found with CHD severity. Serial transition visits were an independent predictor of increasing knowledge, skills, transition readiness, and engagement, even when accounting for increasing age (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), although the largest effects were after the first visit for most outcomes. Individualized in-person transition programming was feasible, and in those with serial visits was associated with increased CHD knowledge, management skills, and engagement, even in those with structural CHD of great complexity. Future studies should assess whether appropriate transition readiness correlates with improved long-term outcomes in adulthood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-026-04423-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T10:42:52Z","timestamp":1786704172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adulting in the Current Era: Piloting an Individualized In-Person Congenital Heart Disease Transition Education Program"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3557-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Shabosky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Brentari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Broussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna K.","family":"Lovick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8056-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaine A.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2710-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keila N.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/13674935231202870","volume":"29","author":"J Splane","year":"2025","unstructured":"Splane J, Doucet S, Luke A (2025) Transitioning from paediatric to adult healthcare: exploring the practices and experiences of care providers. J Child Health Care 29(2):324\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13674935231202870","journal-title":"J Child Health Care"},{"key":"4423_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.01.052","volume":"244","author":"S Calabrese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Calabrese S, Lee S, Mollica MA, Wiener L, Mendley S, Adams L, Blachman-Demner D (2022) Navigating pediatric to adult healthcare transition: a National Institutes of Health workshop. J Pediatr 244:234-240.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.01.052","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4423_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.09.006","author":"M Gurvitz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gurvitz M, Krieger EV, Fuller S et al (2025) 2025 ACC\/AHA\/HRS\/ISACHD\/SCAI guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.09.006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4423_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.025278","volume":"11","author":"AS John","year":"2022","unstructured":"John AS, Jackson JL, Moons P, Uzark K, Mackie AS, Timmins S, Lopez KN, Kovacs AH, Gurvitz M (2022) Advances in managing transition to adulthood for adolescents with congenital heart disease: a practical approach to transition program design: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 11(7):e025278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.122.025278","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"4423_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2015.05.025","volume":"30","author":"A Asp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asp A, Bratt E, Bramhagen A (2015) Transfer to adult care\u2014experiences of young adults with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr Nurs 30(5):e3\u2013e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2015.05.025","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13852","volume":"75","author":"\u00c5 Burstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burstr\u00f6m \u00c5, Mora MA, \u00d6jmyr-Joelsson M, Sparud\u2010Lundin C, Rydberg A, Hanseus K, Frenckner B, Nisell M, Moons P, Bratt E (2018) Parental uncertainty about transferring their adolescent with congenital heart disease to adult care. J Adv Nurs 75(2):380\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.13852","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"4423_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12819","volume":"14","author":"KB Salciccioli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salciccioli KB, Oluyomi A, Lupo PJ, Ermis PR, Lopez KN (2019) A model for geographic and sociodemographic access to care disparities for adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 14(5):752\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/chd.12819","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12732","volume":"14","author":"JL Jackson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jackson JL, Morack J, Harris M, DeSalvo J, Daniels CJ, Chisolm DJ (2018) Racial disparities in clinic follow-up early in life among survivors of congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 14(2):305\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/chd.12732","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.02.019","volume":"73","author":"EL Bratt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bratt EL, Mora MA, Sparud-Lundin C, Saarij\u00e4rvi M, Burstr\u00f6m \u00c5, Skogby S, Fernlund E, Fadl S, Rydberg A, Hanseus K, Kazamia K, Moons P (2023) Effectiveness of the STEPSTONES transition program for adolescents with congenital heart disease-a randomized controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 73(4):655\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.02.019","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"4423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.02.040","volume":"221","author":"K Uzark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uzark K, Yu S, Lowery R, Afton K, Yetman AT, Cramer J, Rudd N, Cohen S, Gongwer R, Gurvitz M (2020) Transition readiness in teens and young adults with congenital heart disease: can we make a difference? J Pediatr 221:201-206.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.02.040","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjcpc.2025.06.001","volume":"5","author":"AS Mackie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mackie AS, Kovacs AH, Martin-Feeney S, Via-Dufresne Ley D, McCrindle A, Harris BW, Fournier KC, Chappell A, Gingrich A, Dimitropoulos J, Allemang G, Gill B, Aiello N, Rolland S, O\u2019Shea M, Legge S, Collins L, Casey JA, Breault S, Provencher F, Marelli F (2025) A cluster randomized trial of an mhealth intervention for adolescents with congenital heart disease: rationale and design of the READYorNot CHD study. CJC Pediatr congenital heart disease 5(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjcpc.2025.06.001","journal-title":"CJC Pediatr congenital heart disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"4423_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12283","volume":"10","author":"KN Lopez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lopez KN, Karlsten M, De Nigris FB, King J, Salciccioli K, Jiang A, Marelli A, Kovacs AH, Fordis M, Thompson D (2015) Understanding age-based transition needs: perspectives from adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 10(6):561\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/chd.12283","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4423_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951113000413","volume":"24","author":"W Lesch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lesch W, Specht K, Lux A, Frey M, Utens E, Bauer U (2013) Disease-specific knowledge and information preferences of young patients with congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young 24(2):321\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951113000413","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"4","key":"4423_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.014092","volume":"90","author":"DKL Cheuk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheuk DKL, Wong SMY, Choi YP, Chau AKT, Cheung YF (2004) Parents\u2019 understanding of their child\u2019s congenital heart disease. Heart 90(4):435\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2003.014092","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"12","key":"4423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.08.020","volume":"106","author":"K Van Deyk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Deyk K, Pelgrims E, Troost E, Goossens E, Budts W, Gewillig M, Moons P (2010) Adolescents\u2019 understanding of their congenital heart disease on transfer to adult-focused care. Am J Cardiol 106(12):1803\u20131807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.08.020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4423_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.11.124","volume":"62","author":"AJ Katz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katz AJ, Srivastava N, Farrell A, Wilson S, Blythe MJ, Shew ML (2018) Congenital heart disease and reported self knowledge. J Adolesc Health 62(2):S61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.11.124","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12207","volume":"41","author":"AF Klassen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klassen AF, Grant C, Barr R, Brill H, De Camargo OK, Ronen GM, Samaan MC, Mondal T, Cano SJ, Schlatman A, Tsangaris E, Athale U, Wickert N, Gorter JW (2014) Development and validation of a generic scale for use in transition programmes to measure self-management skills in adolescents with chronic health conditions: the TRANSITION\u2010Q. Child Care Health Dev 41(4):547\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.12207","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"4423_CR18","unstructured":"Baron M (2024) Supporting teens with motivational interviewing techniques. Moriah Behav Health. https:\/\/www.moriahbehavioralhealth.com\/motivational-interviewing-for-teens\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"4423_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.47.9.1102","volume":"47","author":"JO Prochaska","year":"1992","unstructured":"Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC (1992) In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol 47(9):1102\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.47.9.1102","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4423_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.07.015","volume":"30","author":"RC Callaghan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Callaghan RC, Hathaway A, Cunningham JA, Vettese LC, Wyatt S, Taylor L (2005) Does stage-of-change predict dropout in a culturally diverse sample of adolescents admitted to inpatient substance-abuse treatment? A test of the Transtheoretical Model. Addict Behav 30(9):1834\u20131847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.07.015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"4423_CR21","unstructured":"Miller Z (2025) Schlechty\u2019s levels of engagement: understanding and promoting active learning in the classroom. Miller Skills. https:\/\/millerskills.co.uk"},{"key":"4423_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00015","volume":"6","author":"S Zlotnik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zlotnik S, Toglia J (2018) Measuring adolescent self-awareness and accuracy using a performance-based assessment and parental report. Front Public Health 6:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00015","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"4423_CR23","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke S (2024) 6 benefits of personalized learning. RingCentral Blog. https:\/\/www.ringcentral.com\/us\/en\/blog\/benefits-personalized-learning\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"4423_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1017\/s104795112400026x","volume":"34","author":"BR Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee BR, Koo HY, Lee S (2024) Effects of transition programmes to adulthood for adolescents and young adults with CHD: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Cardiol Young 34(5):945\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s104795112400026x","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"7","key":"4423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-2917-9","volume":"176","author":"\u00c5 Burstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burstr\u00f6m \u00c5, Bratt E, Frenckner B, Nisell M, Hans\u00e9us K, Rydberg A, \u00d6jmyr-Joelsson M (2017) Adolescents with congenital heart disease: their opinions about the preparation for transfer to adult care. Eur J Pediatr 176(7):881\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-017-2917-9","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"4423_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2021.101343","volume":"62","author":"C Bushee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bushee C, Ginde S, Earing MG, Buelow M, Reinhardt E, Cohen S (2021) Changes in care patterns associated with a transition program in adolescents with congenital heart disease: a single center study. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 62:101343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2021.101343","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4423_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.04.022","volume":"75","author":"C Bredy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bredy C, Werner O, Huguet H, Guillaumont S, Auer A, Requirand A, Lavastre K, Abassi H, De La Villeon G, Vincenti M, Gavotto A, Vincent R, Pommier V, Dulac Y, Souletie N, Acar P, Karsenty C, Guitarte A, Berge M, Amedro P (2024) Efficacy of a transition program in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease: the TRANSITION-CHD randomized controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 75(2):358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.04.022","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"4423_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.010342","volume":"7","author":"S Peyvandi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peyvandi S, Baer RJ, Moon-Grady AJ, Oltman SP, Chambers CD, Norton ME, Rajagopal S, Ryckman KK, Jelliffe\u2010Pawlowski LL, Steurer MA (2018) Socioeconomic mediators of racial and ethnic disparities in congenital heart disease outcomes: a population\u2010based study in California. J Am Heart Assoc 7(20):e010342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.010342","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"13","key":"4423_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e997","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001211","volume":"149","author":"E Sood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sood E, Newburger JW, Anixt JS, Cassidy AR, Jackson JL, Jonas RA, Lisanti AJ, Lopez KN, Peyvandi S, Marino BS (2024) Neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with congenital heart disease: updates in neuroprotection, risk-stratification, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 149(13):e997\u2013e1022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000001211","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.11.031","volume":"328","author":"C Thomet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomet C, Schwerzmann M, Budts W, De Backer J, Chessa M, Diller G, Eicken A, Gabriel H, Gallego P, Giamberti A, Roos-Hesselink J, Swan L, Webb G, Moons P (2020) Transfer and transition practices in 96 European adult congenital heart disease centres. Int J Cardiol 328:89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.11.031","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04423-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04423-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04423-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T10:42:53Z","timestamp":1786704173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04423-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["4423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-026-04423-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-0643","1432-1971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1971","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}