{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:29:23Z","timestamp":1787614163620,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,6]],"date-time":"2005-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1353-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]],"date-time":"2005-01-05T04:27:14Z","timestamp":1104899234000},"page":"258-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Pulmonary thromboembolism in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Babyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpal K.","family":"Gahunia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Massicotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.51.3.519","volume":"51","author":"RC Becker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Becker RC, Graor R, Holloway J (1984) Pulmonary embolism: a review of 200 cases with emphasis on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Cleve Clin Q 51:519?529","journal-title":"Cleve Clin Q"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380060189033","volume":"148","author":"I Rubinstein","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rubinstein I, Murray D, Hoffstein V (1988) Fatal pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients. An autopsy study. Arch Intern Med 148:1425?1426","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200006000-00013","volume":"47","author":"P Monagle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, et al (2000) Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: a report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res 47:763?766","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.5.1251.1251","volume":"83","author":"M Andrew","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andrew M, David M, Adams M, et al (1994) Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) in children: first analyses of the Canadian Registry of VTE. Blood 83:1251?1257","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800550506","volume":"55","author":"MT Morrell","year":"1968","unstructured":"Morrell MT, Dunnill MS (1968) The post-mortem incidence of pulmonary embolism in a hospital population. Br J Surg 55:347?352","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91707-8","volume":"344","author":"CM Dollery","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dollery CM, Sullivan ID, Bauraind O, et al (1994) Thrombosis and embolism in long-term central venous access for parenteral nutrition. Lancet 344:1043?1045","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10294.x","volume":"75","author":"PF Hoyer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hoyer PF, Gonda S, Barthels M, et al (1986) Thromboembolic complications in children with nephrotic syndrome. Risk and incidence. Acta Paediatr Scand 75:804?810","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996100","volume":"23","author":"N Schlegel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schlegel N (1997) Thromboembolic risks and complications in nephrotic children. Semin Thromb Hemost 23:271?280","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"CR9","first-page":"142","volume":"114","author":"RW Byard","year":"1990","unstructured":"Byard RW, Cutz E (1990) Sudden and unexpected death in infancy and childhood due to pulmonary thromboembolism. An autopsy study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 114:142?144","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(81)80700-2","volume":"16","author":"JR Buck","year":"1981","unstructured":"Buck JR, Connors RH, Coon WW, et al (1981) Pulmonary embolism in children. J Pediatr Surg 16:385?391","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00308.x","volume":"1","author":"AK Chan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chan AK, Deveber G, Monagle P, et al (2003) Venous thrombosis in children. J Thromb Haemost 1:1443?1455","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"CR12","first-page":"111","volume":"1","author":"N Anton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anton N, Massicotte MP (2001) Venous thromboembolism in pediatrics. Semin Vasc Surg 1:111?122","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/101.2.230","volume":"101","author":"RL Zimmerman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zimmerman RL, Novek S, Chen JT, et al (1994) Pulmonary thrombosis in a 10-year-old child with minimal change disease and nephrotic syndrome. A clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlation with literature review. Am J Clin Pathol 101:230?236","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"CR14","first-page":"25","volume":"23","author":"D Sonakul","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sonakul D, Fucharoen S (1992) Pulmonary thromboembolism in thalassemic patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 23:25?28","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"CR15","first-page":"61","volume":"89","author":"JS Rogers 2nd","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rogers JS 2nd (1993) Hypercoagulable states. W V Med J 89:61?63","journal-title":"W V Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"CR16","first-page":"250","volume":"17","author":"HK Nielsen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen HK (1991) Pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism. Semin Thromb Hemost 17(Suppl 3):250?253","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.5.939","volume":"96","author":"B Schmidt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmidt B, Andrew M (1995) Neonatal thrombosis: report of a prospective Canadian and international registry. Pediatrics 96:939?943","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02349.x","volume":"111","author":"C Heller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heller C, Schobess R, Kurnik K, et al (2000) Abdominal venous thrombosis in neonates and infants: role of prothrombotic risk factors ? a multicentre case-control study. For the Childhood Thrombophilia Study Group. Br J Haematol 111:534?539","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70053-8","volume":"12","author":"W Streif","year":"1998","unstructured":"Streif W, Andrew ME (1998) Venous thromboembolic events in pediatric patients. Diagnosis and management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 12:1283?1312 vii","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.118192","volume":"139","author":"CH Ommen van","year":"2001","unstructured":"van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Buller HR, et al (2001) Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in The Netherlands. J Pediatr 139:676?681","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70149-0","volume":"133","author":"MP Massicotte","year":"1998","unstructured":"Massicotte MP, Dix D, Monagle P, et al (1998) Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in children: analysis of the Canadian Registry of Venous Thromboembolic Complications. J Pediatr 133:770?776","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2001.00673.x","volume":"37","author":"SY Yuen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yuen SY, Lau KF, Steinberg AW, et al (2001) Intracranial venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Paediatr Child Health 37:405?408","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198007103030207","volume":"303","author":"Case","year":"1980","unstructured":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (1980) Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 27-1980. N Engl J Med 303:92?100","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00001","volume":"125","author":"P Prandoni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Cogo A, et al (1996) The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 125:1?7","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2731","volume":"101","author":"C Male","year":"2003","unstructured":"Male C, Chait P, Andrew M, et al (2003) Central venous line-related thrombosis in children: association with central venous line location and insertion technique. Blood 101:4273?4278","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"CR26","first-page":"492a","volume":"96","author":"M Andrew","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andrew M, Investigators P (2000) A randomized control trial of low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of central venous line-related thrombotic complications in children: The PROTEKT Trial. Blood 96(Suppl):492a","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"CR27","first-page":"309","volume":"50","author":"JL Emery","year":"1961","unstructured":"Emery JL, Hilton HB (1961) Lung and heart complications of the treatment of hydrocephalus by ventriculoauriculostomy. Surgery 50:309?314","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(62)80351-5","volume":"61","author":"SL Haber","year":"1962","unstructured":"Haber SL, Bennington JL (1962) Pulmonary embolism in an infant. J Pediatr 61:759?762","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81730-5","volume":"123","author":"M David","year":"1993","unstructured":"David M, Andrew M (1993) Venous thromboembolic complications in children. J Pediatr 123:337?346","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.2.153","volume":"50","author":"DR Jones","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jones DR, Macintyre IM (1975) Venous thromboembolism in infancy and childhood. Arch Dis Child 50:153?155","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/096721099300100106","volume":"1","author":"E Burihan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burihan E, de Figueiredo LF, Francisco J Jr, et al (1993) Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis: analysis of 52 cases. Cardiovasc Surg 1:19?22","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70448-5","volume":"126","author":"M Andrew","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andrew M, Marzinotto V, Pencharz P, et al (1995) A cross-sectional study of catheter-related thrombosis in children receiving total parenteral nutrition at home. J Pediatr 126:358?363","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80244-3","volume":"102","author":"E Hassall","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hassall E, Ulich T, Ament ME (1983) Pulmonary embolus and Malassezia pulmonary infection related to urokinase therapy. J Pediatr 102:722?725","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(84)80194-3","volume":"19","author":"MA Rockoff","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rockoff MA, Gang DL, Vacanti JP (1984) Fatal pulmonary embolism following removal of a central venous catheter. J Pediatr Surg 19:307?309","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(02)00007-3","volume":"17","author":"S Revel-Vilk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Revel-Vilk S, Massicotte P (2003) Thromboembolic diseases of childhood. Blood Rev 17:1?6","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1186","volume":"100","author":"D Tormene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tormene D, Simioni P, Prandoni P, et al (2002) The incidence of venous thromboembolism in thrombophilic children: a prospective cohort study. Blood 100:2403?2405","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"CR37","unstructured":"Joist JH (2003) What I need to know about thrombophilia. Web site: http:\/\/www.slucare.edu\/clinical\/pathlab\/coagulation\/thrombophilia.shtml:, pp 1?9"},{"key":"CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2004.00532.x","volume":"2","author":"S Revel-Vilk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Revel-Vilk S, Sharathkumar A, Massicotte P, et al (2004) Natural history of arterial and venous thrombosis in children treated with low molecular weight heparin: a longitudinal study by ultrasound. J Thromb Haemost 2:42?46","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.2.291","volume":"96","author":"R Nuss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nuss R, Hays T, Manco-Johnson M (1995) Childhood thrombosis. Pediatrics 96:291?294","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199809000-00014","volume":"44","author":"C Berube","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berube C, Mitchell L, Silverman E, et al (1998) The relationship of antiphospholipid antibodies to thromboembolic events in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Res 44:351?356","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10835","volume":"48","author":"MG Tektonidou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tektonidou MG, Malagari K, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, et al (2003) Asymptomatic avascular necrosis in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome in the absence of corticosteroid use: a prospective study by magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum 48:732?736","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70351-3","volume":"23","author":"A Ravelli","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ravelli A, Martini A (1997) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in pediatric patients. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 23:657?676","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"CR43","first-page":"215","volume":"12","author":"T Kwong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kwong T, Leonidas JC, Ilowite NT (1994) Asymptomatic superior vena cava thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in an adolescent with SLE and antiphospholipid antibodies. Clin Exp Rheumatol 12:215?217","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B3.2785998","volume":"71","author":"MD Stringer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stringer MD, Steadman CA, Hedges AR, et al (1989) Deep vein thrombosis after elective knee surgery. An incidence study in 312 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 71:492?497","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200303000-00021","volume":"24","author":"EE Turk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turk EE, Tsokos M (2003) Sudden infant death due to pulmonary embolism. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 24:106","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.16.4.289","volume":"16","author":"SD Crane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crane SD, Beverley DW, Williams MJ (1999) Massive pulmonary embolus in a 14-year-old boy. J Accid Emerg Med 16:289?290","journal-title":"J Accid Emerg Med"},{"key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.127276","volume":"141","author":"CH Ommen van","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Ommen CH, Ottenkamp J, Lam J, et al (2002) The risk of postthrombotic syndrome in children with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr 141:582?586","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02913183","volume":"50","author":"K Maeda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maeda K, Murakami A, Hishi T, et al (2002) Successful thrombolytic therapy for acute massive pulmonary thrombosis after total cavo-pulmonary shunt. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 50:451?454","journal-title":"Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00378.x","volume":"30","author":"K Aggarwal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aggarwal K, Jain VK, Gupta S, et al (2003) Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome with a life-threatening thromboembolic event. J Dermatol 30:236?240","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3109\/15513818909022333","volume":"9","author":"GA Machin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Machin GA, Kent S (1989) Pulmonary thromboembolism from a large hemangioma in a 4-week-old infant. Pediatr Pathol 9(1):73?78","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819409037674","volume":"14","author":"DA Eberhard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eberhard DA (1994) Two-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. Pediatr Pathol 14:771?779","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.11.2805","volume":"13","author":"C Uderzo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Uderzo C, Faccini P, Rovelli A, et al (1995) Pulmonary thromboembolism in childhood leukemia: 8-years? experience in a pediatric hematology center. J Clin Oncol 13:2805?2812","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910201)67:3<696::AID-CNCR2820670328>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"67","author":"G Marraro","year":"1991","unstructured":"Marraro G, Uderzo C, Marchi P, et al (1991) Acute respiratory failure and pulmonary thrombosis in leukemic children. Cancer 67:696?702","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"CR54","first-page":"649a","volume":"94","author":"L Mitchell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mitchell L, Abshire T, Hanna K, et al (1999) A prospective cohort determining the incidence of thrombotic events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with L-asparginase: results of the PARKAA study. Blood 94 (Suppl):649a","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996096","volume":"23","author":"AH Sutor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sutor AH, Uhl M (1997) Diagnosis of thromboembolic disease during infancy and childhood. Semin Thromb Hemost 23:237?246","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00866360","volume":"8","author":"EL Apostol","year":"1994","unstructured":"Apostol EL, Kher KK (1994) Cavitating pulmonary infarction in nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 8:347?348","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"CR57","first-page":"251","volume":"113","author":"J Huang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Huang J, Yang J, Ding J (2000) Pulmonary embolism associated with nephrotic syndrome in children: a preliminary report of 8 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 113:251?253","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"CR58","first-page":"858","volume":"103","author":"EH Oppenheimer","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oppenheimer EH, Esterly JR (1971) Pulmonary changes in sickle cell disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 103:858?859","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050273","volume":"27","author":"S Sheth","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sheth S, Ruzal-Shapiro C, Hurlet-Jensen A, et al (1997) Pulmonary embolism developing in patients with sickle cell disease on hypertransfusion and IV deferoxamine chelation therapy. Pediatr Radiol 27:926?928","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(89)90102-2","volume":"15","author":"MH Desai","year":"1989","unstructured":"Desai MH, Linares HA, Herndon DN (1989) Pulmonary embolism in burned children. Burns 15:376?380","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"CR61","first-page":"329","volume":"22","author":"S Walsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walsh S, Phillips F (2002) Deep vein thrombosis associated with pediatric musculoskeletal sepsis. J Pediatr Orthop 22:329?332","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200008000-00013","volume":"24","author":"HE Gulbahce","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gulbahce HE, Manivel JC, Jessurun J (2000) Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi: a previously unrecognized complication of bone marrow transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 24:1147?1152","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200301000-00019","volume":"25","author":"IJ Morales","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morales IJ, Anderson PM, Tazelaar HD, et al (2003) Cytolytic thrombi: unusual complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 25:89?92","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0304(199806)44:2<212::AID-CCD17>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"44","author":"AG Farrell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Farrell AG, Parikh SR, Darragh RK, et al (1998) Retrieval of ?old? foreign bodies from the cardiovascular system in children. Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn 44:212?217","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050741","volume":"30","author":"IB Kjellin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kjellin IB, Boechat MI, Vinuela F, et al (2000) Pulmonary emboli following therapeutic embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children. Pediatr Radiol 30:279?283","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200101000-00003","volume":"25","author":"SS Hwang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hwang SS, Kim HH, Park SH, et al (2001) N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for gastric variceal bleeding. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25:16?22","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1996.d01-14.x","volume":"6","author":"DA Carapiet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carapiet DA, Stevens JE (1996) Pulmonary embolism following embolization of an arteriovenous malformation. Paediatr Anaesth 6:491?494","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90455-6","volume":"69","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Altieri PI, Marquez EU, et al (1980) Massive pulmonary embolism associated with a right ventricular myxoma. Am J Med 69:795?798","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-0661-FPTECB","volume":"124","author":"FA Soares","year":"2000","unstructured":"Soares FA (2000) Fatal pulmonary tumor embolism caused by chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:661","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"CR70","first-page":"148","volume":"97","author":"W Ceelen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ceelen W, Kerremans I, Lutz-Dettinger N, et al (1997) Wilms? tumour presenting as a pulmonary embolism. Acta Chir Belg 97:148?150","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"key":"CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/002580248402400305","volume":"24","author":"T Suzuki","year":"1984","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Ikeda N, Umetsu K, et al (1984) Pulmonary fat embolism as an ante-mortem reaction in traumatic immediate death. Med Sci Law 24:175?178","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00045415-199905000-00009","volume":"7","author":"C Basso","year":"1999","unstructured":"Basso C, Corrado D, Thiene G (1999) Cardiovascular causes of sudden death in young individuals including athletes. Cardiol Rev 7:127?135","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.1997.10.340","volume":"102","author":"DA Thomas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thomas DA, de Boisblanc BP, Summer WR (1997) Venous thromboembolism. A contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Postgrad Med 102:179?181","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290340045027","volume":"241","author":"PH Croyle","year":"1979","unstructured":"Croyle PH, Place RA, Hilgenberg AD (1979) Massive pulmonary embolism in a high school wrestler. JAMA 241:827?828","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CR75","first-page":"2380","volume":"36","author":"DF Worsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Worsley DF, Alavi A (1995) Comprehensive analysis of the results of the PIOPED study. Prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis study. J Nucl Med 36:2380?2387","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1612658","volume":"85","author":"H Chant","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chant H, McCollum C (2001) Stroke in young adults: the role of paradoxical embolism. Thromb Haemost 85:22?29","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.12.1139","volume":"54","author":"SD Playfor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Playfor SD, Smyth AR (1999) Paradoxical embolism in a boy with cystic fibrosis and a stroke. Thorax 54:1139?1140","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1373\/49.9.1483","volume":"49","author":"JE Schrecengost","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schrecengost JE, LeGallo RD, Boyd JC, et al (2003) Comparison of diagnostic accuracies in outpatients and hospitalized patients of D-dimer testing for the evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism. Clin Chem 49:1483?1490","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"CR79","first-page":"183","volume":"168","author":"C Kearon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kearon C (2003) Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. CMAJ 168:183?194","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.9.3102","volume":"99","author":"J Hirsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hirsh J, Lee AY (2002) How we diagnose and treat deep vein thrombosis. Blood 99:3102?3110","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"CR81","first-page":"588a","volume":"94","author":"L Mitchell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mitchell L, Chait P, Ginsberg JS, et al (1999) Comparison of venography with ultrasound for detection of venous thrombosis in the upper body in children: results of the PARKAA study. Blood 94(Suppl):588a","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.159.2.3961185","volume":"159","author":"WW Woodruff 3rd","year":"1986","unstructured":"Woodruff WW 3rd, Merten DF, Wagner ML, et al (1986) Chronic pulmonary embolism in children. Radiology 159:511?514","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440200057023","volume":"263","author":"The","year":"1990","unstructured":"The PIOPED Investigators (1990) Value of the ventilation\/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism. Results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 263:2753?2759","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-003-1182-5","volume":"30","author":"E Evander","year":"2003","unstructured":"Evander E, Holst H, Jarund A, et al (2003) Role of ventilation scintigraphy in diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: an evaluation using artificial neural networks. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag 30:961?965","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag"},{"key":"CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38770-3","volume":"41","author":"DA Evans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Evans DA, Wilmott RW (1994) Pulmonary embolism in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 41:569?584","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"CR86","volume-title":"Diagnostic nuclear medicine","author":"MF Dicarli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dicarli MF, Gerbaudo VH, Singh TP, et al (2003) Cardiopulmonary studies in pediatric nuclear medicine (Chapter 57). In: Sandler MP, Coleman RE, Patton JA, et al (eds) Diagnostic nuclear medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia"},{"key":"CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90405-9","volume":"75","author":"JD Marsh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Marsh JD, Glynn M, Torman HA (1983) Pulmonary angiography. Application in a new spectrum of patients. Am J Med 75:763?770","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)70762-5","volume":"7","author":"DA Zuckerman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zuckerman DA, Sterling KM, Oser RF (1996) Safety of pulmonary angiography in the 1990s. J Vasc Interv Radiol 7:199?205","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.5.1556","volume":"120","author":"S Kruger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kruger S, Haage P, Hoffmann R, et al (2001) Diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. Chest 120:1556?1561","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.1.8539407","volume":"198","author":"ER Hudson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hudson ER, Smith TP, McDermott VG, et al (1996) Pulmonary angiography performed with iopamidol: complications in 1,434 patients. Radiology 198:61?65","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.2.462","volume":"85","author":"PD Stein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stein PD, Athanasoulis C, Alavi A, et al (1992) Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 85:462?468","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420030093009","volume":"154","author":"RD Hull","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hull RD, Raskob GE, Ginsberg JS, et al (1994) A noninvasive strategy for the treatment of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 154:289?297","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"CR93","first-page":"147","volume":"54","author":"J Lombard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lombard J, Bhatia R, Sala E (2003) Spiral computed tomographic pulmonary angiography for investigating suspected pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes. Can Assoc Radiol J 54:147?151","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00634-0","volume":"33","author":"MJ Siegel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Siegel MJ, Luker GD (1995) Pediatric applications of helical (spiral) CT. Radiol Clin North Am 33:997?1022","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2293020999","volume":"229","author":"MJ Siegel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Siegel MJ (2003) Multiplanar and three-dimensional multi-detector row CT of thoracic vessels and airways in the pediatric population. Radiology 229:641?650","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10022","volume":"14","author":"SS Halliburton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Halliburton SS, Paschal CB, Rothpletz JD, et al (2001) Estimation and visualization of regional and global pulmonary perfusion with 3-D magnetic resonance angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 14:734?740","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1053","volume":"13","author":"M Goyen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goyen M, Laub G, Ladd ME, et al (2001) Dynamic 3-D MR angiography of the pulmonary arteries in under four seconds. J Magn Reson Imaging 13:372?377","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.6.1811499","volume":"181","author":"S Sonnet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sonnet S, Buitrago-Tellez CH, Schulte AC, et al (2003) Dose optimization for dynamic time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3-D MR angiography of pulmonary circulation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:1499?1503","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1999.01053.x","volume":"104","author":"EA Chalmers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chalmers EA, Gibson BE (1999) Thrombolytic therapy in the management of paediatric thromboembolic disease. Br J Haematol 104:14?21","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199701000-00002","volume":"19","author":"M Andrew","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andrew M, Michelson AD, Bovill T, et al (1997) The prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease in children: a need for thrombophilia programs. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 19:7?22","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s003920050181","volume":"87","author":"M Peuster","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peuster M, Bertram H, Windhagen-Mahnert B, et al (1998) Mechanical recanalization of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with the Clotbuster thrombectomy system in a 12-year-old boy. Z Kardiol 87:283?287","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"key":"CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02577627","volume":"19","author":"RA Reed","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reed RA, Teitelbaum GP, Stanley P, et al (1996) The use of inferior vena cava filters in pediatric patients for pulmonary embolus prophylaxis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 19:401?405","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050110","volume":"27","author":"PL Khong","year":"1997","unstructured":"Khong PL, John PR (1997) Technical aspects of insertion and removal of an inferior vena cava IVC filter for prophylactic treatment of pulmonary embolus. Pediatr Radiol 27:239?241","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-004-1353-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-004-1353-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-004-1353-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T07:13:10Z","timestamp":1682925190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-004-1353-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,6]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-004-1353-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0449","1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0449","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,6]]}}}