{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T08:55:55Z","timestamp":1781340955794,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2593-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T13:39:14Z","timestamp":1363009154000},"page":"129-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Elbow injuries in the young athlete\u2014an orthopedic perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Zellner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2593_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01081","volume":"94","author":"KJ Jones","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jones KJ, Osbahr DC, Schrumpf MA et al (2012) Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in throwing athletes: a review of current concepts. AAOS exhibit selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:e49","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2593_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384224","volume":"39","author":"GS Fleisig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Cutter GR et al (2011) Risk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: a 10-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med 39:253\u2013257","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.06.007","volume":"29","author":"S Hariri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hariri S, Safran MR (2010) Ulnar collateral ligament injury in the overhead athlete. Clin Sports Med 29:619\u2013644","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260040801","volume":"26","author":"TE Baumgarten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baumgarten TE, Andrews JR, Satterwhite YE (1998) The arthroscopic classification and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. Am J Sports Med 26:520\u2013523","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040401","volume":"30","author":"JW Byrd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Byrd JW, Jones KS (2002) Arthroscopic surgery for isolated capitellar osteochondritis dissecans in adolescent baseball players: minimum three-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 30:474\u2013478","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(89)90008-X","volume":"5","author":"DW Jackson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jackson DW, Silvino N, Reiman P (1989) Osteochondritis in the female gymnast\u2019s elbow. Arthroscopy 5:129\u2013136","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2593_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199205000-00012","volume":"12","author":"N Maffulli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Maffulli N, Chan D, Aldridge MJ (1992) Derangement of the articular surfaces of the elbow in young gymnasts. J Pediatr Orthop 12:344\u2013350","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2593_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.069526","volume":"44","author":"N Maffulli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maffulli N, Longo UG, Gougoulias N et al (2010) Long-term health outcomes of youth sports injuries. Br J Sports Med 44:21\u201325","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31824afeb8","volume":"32","author":"JE Tis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tis JE, Edmonds EW, Bastrom T et al (2012) Short-term results of arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in skeletally immature patients. J Pediatr Orthop 32:226\u2013231","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2593_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03200020072016","volume":"220","author":"HS Tullos","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tullos HS, King JW (1972) Lesions of the pitching arm in adolescents. JAMA 220:264\u2013271","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2593_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.007","volume":"81","author":"LB Jans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jans LB, Ditchfield M, Anna G et al (2012) MR imaging findings and MR criteria for instability in osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow in children. Eur J Radiol 81:1306\u20131310","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2593_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0661-6","volume":"38","author":"KW Marshall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marshall KW, Marshall DL, Busch MT et al (2009) Osteochondral lesions of the humeral trochlea in the young athlete. Skeletal Radiol 38:479\u2013491","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2593_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318214d678","volume":"26","author":"M Tatebe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tatebe M, Hirata H, Shinohara T et al (2012) Pathomechanical significance of radial head subluxation in the onset of osteochondritis dissecans of the radial head. J Orthop Trauma 26:e4\u2013e6","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2593_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218","volume":"23","author":"GS Fleisig","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ (1995) Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med 23:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508324970","volume":"37","author":"K Mihara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mihara K, Tsutsui H, Nishinaka N et al (2009) Nonoperative treatment for osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. Am J Sports Med 37:298\u2013304","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31824afecf","volume":"32","author":"LL Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi LL, Bae DS, Kocher MS et al (2012) Contained versus uncontained lesions in juvenile elbow osteochondritis dissecans. J Pediatr Orthop 32:221\u2013225","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2593_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70013-1","volume":"14","author":"DS Ruch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ruch DS, Cory JW, Poehling GG (1998) The arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans of the adolescent elbow. Arthroscopy 14:797\u2013803","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2593_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.05.024","volume":"36","author":"J Miyake","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyake J, Masatomi T (2011) Arthroscopic debridement of the humeral capitellum for osteochondritis dissecans: radiographic and clinical outcomes. J Hand Surg (Am) 36:1333\u20131338","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"2593_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.1.r00jl29207","volume":"216","author":"M Takahara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takahara M, Ogino T, Takagi M et al (2000) Natural progression of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum: initial observations. Radiology 216:207\u2013212","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2593_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B5.8831","volume":"80","author":"M Takahara","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takahara M, Shundo M, Kondo M et al (1998) Early detection of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in young baseball players. Report of three cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80:892\u2013897","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2593_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satake H, Takahara M, Harada M et al (2012) Preoperative imaging criteria for unstable osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. Clin Orthop Relat Res [epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2462-9"},{"key":"2593_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1570","volume":"185","author":"R Kijowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kijowski R, De Smet AA (2005) MRI findings of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum with surgical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185:1453\u20131459","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2593_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00622","volume":"89","author":"M Takahara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takahara M, Mura N, Sasaki J et al (2007) Classification, treatment, and outcome of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:1205\u20131214","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2593_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.01.002","volume":"27","author":"F Graaff de","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Graaff F, Krijnen MR, Poolman RW et al (2011) Arthroscopic surgery in athletes with osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow. Arthroscopy 27:986\u2013993","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2593_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0623-z","volume":"14","author":"HC Brownlow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brownlow HC, O\u2019Connor-Read LM et al (2006) Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14:198\u2013202","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2593_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2004.05.001","volume":"23","author":"JR Rudzki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rudzki JR, Paletta GA Jr (2004) Juvenile and adolescent elbow injuries in sports. Clin Sports Med 23:581\u2013608, ix","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232150-00004","volume":"32","author":"KE Klingele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klingele KE, Kocher MS (2002) Little League elbow: valgus overload injury in the paediatric athlete. Sports Med 32:1005\u20131015","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258674","volume":"32","author":"DW Hang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hang DW, Chao CM, Hang YS (2004) A clinical and roentgenographic study of Little League elbow. Am J Sports Med 32:79\u201384","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B1.2298765","volume":"72","author":"JV Fowles","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fowles JV, Slimane N, Kassab MT (1990) Elbow dislocation with avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72:102\u2013104","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2593_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.07.007","volume":"14","author":"HH Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee HH, Shen HC, Chang JH et al (2005) Operative treatment of displaced medial epicondyle fractures in children and adolescents. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 14:178\u2013185","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2593_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.04.038","volume":"19","author":"DC Osbahr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Osbahr DC, Chalmers PN, Frank JS et al (2010) Acute, avulsion fractures of the medial epicondyle while throwing in youth baseball players: a variant of Little League elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19:951\u2013957","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2593_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198710000-00019","volume":"223","author":"RF Hines","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hines RF, Herndon WA, Evans JP (1987) Operative treatment of Medial epicondyle fractures in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 223:170\u2013174","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2593_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678608994399","volume":"57","author":"PO Josefsson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Josefsson PO, Danielsson LG (1986) Epicondylar elbow fracture in children. 35-year follow-up of 56 unreduced cases. Acta Orthop Scand 57:313\u2013315","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2593_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200109000-00001","volume":"83-A","author":"P Farsetti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farsetti P, Potenza V, Caterini R et al (2001) Long-term results of treatment of fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83-A:1299\u20131305","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2593_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00493","volume":"92","author":"N Pappas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pappas N, Lawrence JT, Donegan D et al (2010) Intraobserver and interobserver agreement in the measurement of displaced humeral medial epicondyle fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:322\u2013327","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2593_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01637","volume":"92","author":"EW Edmonds","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edmonds EW (2010) How displaced are \u201cnondisplaced\u201d fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle in children? Results of a three-dimensional computed tomography analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:2785\u20132791","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2593_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.12.017","volume":"20","author":"SK Shukla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shukla SK, Cohen MS (2011) Symptomatic medial epicondyle nonunion: treatment by open reduction and fixation with a tension band construct. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 20:455\u2013460","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2593_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.126206","volume":"11","author":"AD Gilchrist","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gilchrist AD, McKee MD (2002) Valgus instability of the elbow due to medial epicondyle nonunion: treatment by fragment excision and ligament repair\u2014a report of 5 cases. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 11:493\u2013497","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2593_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500105","volume":"5","author":"GW Woods","year":"1977","unstructured":"Woods GW, Tullos HS (1977) Elbow instability and medial epicondyle fractures. Am J Sports Med 5:23\u201330","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181ed4381","volume":"30","author":"JT Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith JT, McFeely ED, Bae DS et al (2010) Operative fixation of medial humeral epicondyle fracture nonunion in children. J Pediatr Orthop 30:644\u2013648","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2593_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181aad7b1","volume":"19","author":"KJ Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han KJ, Kim YK, Lim SK et al (2009) The effect of physical characteristics and field position on the shoulder and elbow injuries of 490 baseball players: confirmation of diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin J Sport Med 19:271\u2013276","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2593_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510378100","volume":"38","author":"EL Cain Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cain EL Jr, Andrews JR, Dugas JR et al (2010) Outcome of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow in 1,281 athletes: Results in 743 athletes with minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 38:2426\u20132434","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260031301","volume":"26","author":"TS Ellenbecker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ellenbecker TS, Mattalino AJ, Elam EA et al (1998) Medial elbow joint laxity in professional baseball pitchers. A bilateral comparison using stress radiography. Am J Sports Med 26:420\u2013424","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510390185","volume":"39","author":"WJ Hurd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hurd WJ, Eby S, Kaufman KR et al (2011) Magnetic resonance imaging of the throwing elbow in the uninjured, high school-aged baseball pitcher. Am J Sports Med 39:722\u2013728","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290010601","volume":"29","author":"AC Rettig","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rettig AC, Sherrill C, Snead DS et al (2001) Nonoperative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 29:15\u201317","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2593_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.05.028","volume":"19","author":"CC Dodson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dodson CC, Slenker N, Cohen SB et al (2010) Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in professional football quarterbacks. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19:1276\u20131280","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2593_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508315201","volume":"36","author":"FH Savoie 3rd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Savoie FH 3rd, Trenhaile SW, Roberts J et al (2008) Primary repair of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in young athletes: a case series of injuries to the proximal and distal ends of the ligament. Am J Sports Med 36:1066\u20131072","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2593-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2593-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2593-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T22:53:21Z","timestamp":1644533601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2593-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2593-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0449","1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0449","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}