{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:00:05Z","timestamp":1787166005559,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3884-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T04:42:28Z","timestamp":1501821748000},"page":"1031-1045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neurosonography: Assessing the Premature Infant"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Vijetha V.","family":"Maller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harris L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3884_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2004","volume":"124","author":"H O'Leary","year":"2009","unstructured":"O'Leary H, Gregas MC, Limperopoulos C et al (2009) Elevated cerebral pressure passivity is associated with prematurity-related intracranial hemorrhage. Pediatrics 124:302\u2013309","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3884_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3995-2.10011-1","volume-title":"Neurology of the newborn","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Volpe JJ (2008) Intracranial hemorrhage: germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage of the premature infant. In: Volpe JJ (ed) Neurology of the newborn, 5th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 517\u2013588","edition":"5th"},{"key":"3884_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.8.822","volume":"154","author":"JM Perlman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perlman JM, Rollins N (2000) Surveillance protocol for the detection of intracranial abnormalities in premature neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:822\u2013826","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"3884_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.128.6.971","volume":"128","author":"J Burstein","year":"1977","unstructured":"Burstein J, Papile L, Burstein R (1977) Subependymal germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: diagnosis by CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 128:971\u2013976","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.3.457","volume":"134","author":"DS Babcock","year":"1980","unstructured":"Babcock DS, Han BK, LeQuesne GW (1980) B-mode gray scale ultrasound of the head in the newborn and young infant. AJR Am J Roentgenol 134:457\u2013468","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870080116","volume":"8","author":"A Ben-Ora","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ben-Ora A, Eddy L, Hatch G et al (1980) The anterior fontanelle as an acoustic window to the neonatal ventricular system. J Clin Ultrasound 8:65\u201367","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"3884_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.3.559","volume":"135","author":"DA London","year":"1980","unstructured":"London DA, Carroll BA, Enzmann DR (1980) Sonography of ventricular size and germinal matrix hemorrhage in premature infants. AJR Am J Roentgenol 135:559\u2013564","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR8","first-page":"1274","volume":"25","author":"F Correa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Correa F, Enriquez G, Rossello J et al (2004) Posterior fontanelle sonography: an acoustic window into the neonatal brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1274\u20131282","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3884_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.163.4.8092030","volume":"163","author":"N Anderson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Anderson N, Allan R, Darlow B et al (1994) Diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn: value of sonography via the posterior fontanelle. AJR Am J Roentgenol 163:893\u2013896","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR10","unstructured":"Cohen HL, Blitman NM, Sanchez (1996) Neurosonography of the infant: the normal examination. In: Ultrasonography of the prenatal and neonatal brain. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 403\u2013422"},{"key":"3884_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw CM, Alvord EC Jr (1969) Cava septi pellucidi et vergae: their normal and pathogical states. Brain 92:213\u2013223","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/92.1.213"},{"key":"3884_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson JE, Bishop MR, Cohen HL (2002) Intracranial neonatal neurosonography: an update. Ultrasound Q 18:89\u2013114","DOI":"10.1097\/00013644-200206000-00003"},{"key":"3884_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epelman M, Daneman A, Blaser SI et al (2006) Differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions at head US: correlation with CT and MR imaging. Radiographics 26:173\u2013196","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.261055033"},{"key":"3884_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Worthen NJ, Gilbertson V, Lau C (1986) Cortical sulcal development seen on sonography: relationship to gestational parameters. J Ultrasound Med 5:153\u2013156","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1986.5.3.153"},{"key":"3884_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-002-0836-y","volume":"33","author":"G Enriquez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Enriquez G, Correa F, Lucaya J et al (2003) Potential pitfalls in cranial sonography. Pediatr Radiol 33:110\u2013117","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"3884_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.4.9124108","volume":"168","author":"KM Buckley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buckley KM, Taylor GA, Estroff JA et al (1997) Use of the mastoid fontanelle for improved sonographic visualization of the neonatal midbrain and posterior fossa. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168:1021\u20131025","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250103","volume":"25","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"1989","unstructured":"Volpe JJ (1989) Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant \u2014 current concepts. Part I. Ann Neurol 25:3\u201311","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3884_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"LA Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R et al (1978) Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr 92:529\u2013534","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3884_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02020841","volume":"25","author":"GA Taylor","year":"1995","unstructured":"Taylor GA (1995) Effect of germinal matrix hemorrhage on terminal vein position and patency. Pediatr Radiol 25:S37\u2013S40","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"3884_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.03.005","volume":"35","author":"H Bassan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bassan H, Feldman HA, Limperopoulos C et al (2006) Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction: risk factors and neonatal outcome. Pediatr Neurol 35:85\u201392","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"3884_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(99)80065-2","volume":"23","author":"B Vohr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vohr B, Allan WC, Scott DT et al (1999) Early-onset intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates: incidence of neurodevelopmental handicap. Semin Perinatol 23:212\u2013217","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"3884_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen HL, Haller JO, Gross BR (1992) Diagnostic sonography of the fetus: a guide to the evaluation of the neonate. Pediatr Ann 21:87, 91\u201386, 98\u201389","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19920201-07"},{"key":"3884_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1969","volume":"26","author":"U Elchalal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elchalal U, Yagel S, Gomori JM et al (2005) Fetal intracranial hemorrhage (fetal stroke): does grade matter? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:233\u2013243","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3884_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012729","volume":"24","author":"E Rypens","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rypens E, Avni EF, Dussaussois L et al (1994) Hyperechoic thickened ependyma: sonographic demonstration and significance in neonates. Pediatr Radiol 24:550\u2013553","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"3884_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.049","volume":"158","author":"EWY Tam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tam EWY, Rosenbluth G, Rogers EE et al (2011) Cerebellar hemorrhage on MRI in preterm newborns associated with abnormal neurological outcome. J Pediatr 158:245\u2013250","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3884_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.6.e62","volume":"102","author":"JD Merrill","year":"1998","unstructured":"Merrill JD, Piecuch RE, Fell SC et al (1998) A new pattern of cerebellar hemorrhages in preterm infants. Pediatrics 102:E62","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3884_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1217-4","volume":"169","author":"GM Ecury-Goossen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ecury-Goossen GM, Dudink J, Lequin M et al (2010) The clinical presentation of preterm cerebellar haemorrhage. Eur J Pediatr 169:1249\u20131253","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"3884_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.PEDS11136","volume":"9","author":"S Robinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robinson S (2012) Neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus from prematurity: pathophysiology and current treatment concepts. J Neurosurg Pediatr 9:242\u2013258","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"3884_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00069.x","volume":"14","author":"S Cherian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cherian S, Whitelaw A, Thoresen M et al (2004) The pathogenesis of neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Brain Pathol 14:305\u2013311","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"3884_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1011-7","volume":"26","author":"R Lipina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lipina R, Reguli S, Novackova L et al (2010) Relation between TGF-beta 1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and ETV outcome in premature newborns with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 26:333\u2013341","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"3884_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.4.1529848","volume":"159","author":"TR Hall","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hall TR, Choi A, Schellinger D et al (1992) Isolation of the fourth ventricle causing transtentorial herniation: neurosonographic findings in premature infants. AJR Am J Roentgenol 159:811\u2013815","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.12.900","volume":"56","author":"MI Levene","year":"1981","unstructured":"Levene MI (1981) Measurement of the growth of the lateral ventricles in preterm infants with real-time ultrasound. Arch Dis Child 56:900\u2013904","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"3884_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.2.383","volume":"143","author":"M LeMay","year":"1984","unstructured":"LeMay M (1984) Radiologic changes of the aging brain and skull. AJR Am J Roentgenol 143:383\u2013389","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.PEDS15140","volume":"17","author":"EA Christian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christian EA, Jin DL, Attenello F et al (2016) Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000-2010. J Neurosurg Pediatr 17:260\u2013269","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"3884_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.191.3.8184065","volume":"191","author":"GA Taylor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor GA, Phillips MD, Ichord RN et al (1994) Intracranial compliance in infants: evaluation with Doppler US. Radiology 191:787\u2013791","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3884_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.3.1438759","volume":"185","author":"GA Taylor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taylor GA (1992) Effect of scanning pressure on intracranial hemodynamics during transfontanellar duplex US. Radiology 185:763\u2013766","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3884_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2006.06.004","volume":"14","author":"PE Grant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant PE, Yu D (2006) Acute injury to the immature brain with hypoxia with or without hypoperfusion. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 14:271\u2013285","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"3884_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075066","volume":"28","author":"BY Huang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang BY, Castillo M (2008) Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: imaging findings from birth to adulthood. Radiographics 28:417\u2013439","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"3884_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7496","volume":"31","author":"LT Sie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sie LT, van der Knaap MS, Oosting J et al (2000) MR patterns of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage after prenatal, perinatal or postnatal asphyxia. Neuropediatrics 31:128\u2013136","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"3884_CR40","series-title":"12 edn","first-page":"284","volume-title":"Caffey's pediatric diagnostic imaging","author":"AD Furtado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Furtado AD, Wisnowski JL, Painter MJ et al (2013) Neonatal brain injury. In: Coley BD (ed) Caffey's pediatric diagnostic imaging, 12 edn, vol 1. Elsevier, Philadephia, pp 284\u2013298"},{"key":"3884_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01302.2001","volume":"21","author":"SA Back","year":"2001","unstructured":"Back SA, Luo NL, Borenstein NS et al (2001) Late oligodendrocyte progenitors coincide with the developmental window of vulnerability for human perinatal white matter injury. J Neurosci 21:1302\u20131312","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3884_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.04.006","volume":"53","author":"SA Back","year":"2015","unstructured":"Back SA (2015) Brain injury in the preterm infant: new horizons for pathogenesis and prevention. Pediatr Neurol 53:185\u2013192","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"3884_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.4.793","volume":"140","author":"EG Grant","year":"1983","unstructured":"Grant EG, Schellinger D, Richardson JD et al (1983) Echogenic periventricular halo: normal sonographic finding or neonatal cerebral hemorrhage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 140:793\u2013796","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3884_CR44","first-page":"1558","volume-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound","author":"CM Rumack","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rumack CM, Drose JA (2011) Neonatal and infant brain to imaging. In: Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D (eds) Diagnostic ultrasound, 4th edn. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 1558\u20131636","edition":"4th"},{"key":"3884_CR45","first-page":"852","volume":"21","author":"LT Sie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sie LT, van der Knaap MS, van Wezel-Meijler G et al (2000) Early MR features of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonates with periventricular densities on sonograms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:852\u2013861","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3884_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2238-5","volume":"42","author":"M Epelman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Epelman M, Daneman A, Halliday W et al (2012) Abnormal corpus callosum in neonates after hypoxic-ischemic injury. Pediatr Radiol 42:321\u2013330","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"3884_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.151.2.6709907","volume":"151","author":"RA Bowerman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bowerman RA, Donn SM, DiPietro MA et al (1984) Periventricular leukomalacia in the pre-term newborn infant: sonographic and clinical features. Radiology 151:383\u2013388","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3884_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.1.3538143","volume":"162","author":"O Flodmark","year":"1987","unstructured":"Flodmark O, Roland EH, Hill A et al (1987) Periventricular leukomalacia: radiologic diagnosis. Radiology 162:119\u2013124","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3884_CR49","first-page":"781","volume":"6","author":"EG Grant","year":"1985","unstructured":"Grant EG, Schellinger D (1985) Sonography of neonatal periventricular leukomalacia: recent experience with a 7.5-MHz scanner. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 6:781\u2013785","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3884_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1998.00186.x","volume":"34","author":"DI Tudehope","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tudehope DI, Lamont AC (1998) Neonatal cranial ultrasound screening for intraventricular haemorrhage. J Paediatr Child Health 34:112\u2013113","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-017-3884-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-017-3884-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-017-3884-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T01:43:24Z","timestamp":1602639804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-017-3884-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-3884-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0449","1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0449","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}