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Because children appear to be less severely affected than adults, their imaging appearances have not been extensively reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To systematically review available literature regarding imaging findings in paediatric cases of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar) for articles describing imaging findings in children with COVID-19. We included all modalities, age &lt;18\u00a0years, and foreign language articles, using descriptive statistics to identify patterns and locations of imaging findings, and their association with outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-two articles were included, reporting chest imaging findings in 431 children, of whom 421 (97.7%) underwent CT. Criteria for imaging were lacking. At diagnosis, 143\/421 (34.0%) had a normal CT. Abnormalities were more common in the lower lobes and were predominantly unilateral. The most common imaging pattern was ground-glass opacification (159\/255, 62.4%). None of the studies described lymphadenopathy, while pleural effusions were rare (three cases). Improvement at follow-up CT imaging (3\u201315\u00a0days later) was seen in 29\/100 (29%), remained normal in 25\/100 (25%) and progressed in 9\/100 (9%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CT chest findings in children with COVID-19 are frequently normal or mild. Lower lobes are predominantly affected by patchy ground-glass opacification. Appearances at follow-up remain normal or improve in the majority of children. Chest CT imaging adds little to the further management of the patient and should be reserved for severe cases or for identifying alternative diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04726-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T08:02:41Z","timestamp":1592467361000},"page":"1217-1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6642-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan C.","family":"Shelmerdine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovan","family":"Lovrenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Caro-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Toso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Collaborators of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Cardiothoracic Imaging Taskforce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efi","family":"Alexopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Almanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair D.","family":"Calder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Ciet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Damasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Desoky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gomez-Pastrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Woo","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sureyya Burcu","family":"Gorkem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz Wolfgang","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kellenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Ghadimi","family":"Mahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Navallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Raissaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Riaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick R.","family":"van Rijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"van Schuppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Secinaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Ugas Charcape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4726_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W et al (2020) A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. 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Desoky, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USADavid Gomez-Pastrana, Pediatric Pulmonology, Jerez Hospital, Cadiz, SpainHyun Woo Goo, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaSureyya Burcu Gorkem, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital, Radiology Department, Kayseri, TurkeyFranz Wolfgang Hirsch, Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Leipzig, GermanyChristian Kellenberger, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children\u2019s Hospital Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, SwitzerlandMaryam Ghadimi Mahani, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAMaria Navallas, Radiologia Pediatrica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, SpainCatherine M. Owens, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QatarMaria Raissaki, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GreeceLucia Riaza, Radiologia Pediatrica, Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron, Barcelona, SpainRick R. van Rijn, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the NetherlandsJoost van Schuppen, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAurelio Secinaro, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children Hospital, Rome, ItalyPaolo Toma, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children Hospital, Rome, ItalyCarlos S. Ugas Charcape, Radi\u00f3logo Pedi\u00e1trico, Instituto del Ni\u00f1o San Borja, Lima, Per\u00fa","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Collaborators"}}]}}