{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:17:37Z","timestamp":1793143057491,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The diagnostic workup of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents is challenging because preserving fertility, in addition to oncological safety, is of particular importance in this population. Therefore, a thorough preoperative assessment of ovarian tumors is required.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the diagnostic value of MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study of all children and adolescents age &lt;18\u00a0years who underwent MR imaging of ovarian tumors during 2014\u20132019 at a pediatric specialty center. Two radiologists reviewed all MR imaging. We used pathology reports to define the histological diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 30 girls who underwent MR imaging for an ovarian tumor. Signs indicative for malignancy were tumors with a diameter \u22658\u00a0cm, with areas of contrast enhancement, irregular margins, extracapsular tumor growth, and ascites. All benign and malignant ovarian tumors were correctly identified by the radiologists.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The diagnostic utility of MR imaging in classifying ovarian tumors in children and adolescents as benign or malignant is promising and might aid in defining the indication for ovarian-sparing versus non-ovarian-sparing surgery. We recommend evaluating these tumors with MR imaging prior to deciding on surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04871-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T05:02:57Z","timestamp":1605243777000},"page":"427-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pediatric ovarian tumors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Carlijn L.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke S.","family":"Littooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fiocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine C. B.","family":"Huige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald R.","family":"de Krijger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C. C.","family":"Hulsker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique J.","family":"Goverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Zsiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6984-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies M. C.","family":"Mavinkurve-Groothuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4871_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420200023004","volume":"128","author":"MA Skinner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Skinner MA, Schlatter MG, Heifetz SA, Grosfeld JL (1993) Ovarian neoplasms in children. Arch Surg 128:849\u2013853","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"4871_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/08880018.2013.856050","volume":"32","author":"C Spinelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spinelli C, Pucci V, Strambi S et al (2015) Treatment of ovarian lesions in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of 130 cases. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 32:199\u2013206","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"4871_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903801002","volume":"38","author":"E Freud","year":"1999","unstructured":"Freud E, Golinsky D, Steinberg RM et al (1999) Ovarian tumors in children. Clin Pediatr 38:573\u2013577","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"4871_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.07.096","volume":"143","author":"AJ Hermans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hermans AJ, Kluivers KB, Janssen LM et al (2016) Adnexal tumors in children, adolescents and women of reproductive age in the Netherlands: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Gynecol Oncol 143:93\u201397","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"4871_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.03.069","volume":"156","author":"KF Brookfield","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brookfield KF, Cheung MC, Koniaris LG et al (2009) A population-based analysis of 1,037 malignant ovarian tumors in the pediatric population. J Surg Res 156:45\u201349","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"4871_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.06.052","volume":"99","author":"JT Quirk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quirk JT, Natarajan N, Mettlin CJ (2005) Age-specific ovarian cancer incidence rate patterns in the United States. Gynecol Oncol 99:248\u2013250","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"4871_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.068","volume":"49","author":"JC Papic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Papic JC, Finnell SME, Slaven JE et al (2014) Predictors of ovarian malignancy in children: overcoming clinical barriers of ovarian preservation. J Pediatr Surg 49:144\u2013148","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"4871_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000665","volume":"125","author":"AJ Hermans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hermans AJ, Kluivers KB, Wijnen MHWA et al (2015) Diagnosis and treatment of adnexal tumors in children and adolescents. Obstet Gynecol 125:611\u2013615","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4871_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2537","volume":"144","author":"AE Lawrence","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lawrence AE, Gonzalez DO, Fallat ME et al (2019) Factors associated with management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms. Pediatrics 144:e20182537","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4871_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2018.08.009","volume":"32","author":"C Depoers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Depoers C, Martin FA, Timoh KN et al (2019) A preoperative scoring system for adnexal mass in children and adolescents to preserve their future fertility. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 32:57\u201363","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"4871_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.058","volume":"54","author":"EJ Renaud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Renaud EJ, S\u00f8mme S, Islam S et al (2019) Ovarian masses in the child and adolescent: an American pediatric surgical association outcomes and evidence-based practice committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 54:369\u2013377","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"4871_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e3181f09099","volume":"26","author":"D Levine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levine D, Brown DL, Andreotti RF et al (2010) Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Ultrasound Q 26:121\u2013131","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"4871_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60815-0","volume":"380","author":"MS Pearce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP et al (2012) Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 380:499\u2013505","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4871_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.5.g00se101445","volume":"20","author":"YY Jeong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jeong YY, Outwater EK, Kang HK (2000) Imaging evaluation of ovarian masses. Radiographics 20:1445\u20131470","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4871_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4162-4","volume":"48","author":"SD Voss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Voss SD (2018) Staging and following common pediatric malignancies: MRI versus CT versus funcional imaging. Pediatr Radiol 48:1324\u20131336","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4871_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4600-3","volume":"27","author":"R Forstner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forstner R, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cunha TM et al (2017) ESUR recommendations for MR imaging of the sonographically indeterminate adnexal mass: an update. Eur Radiol 27:2248\u20132257","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"4871_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-2990-x","volume":"289","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhang GF, He ZY et al (2014) Prospective evaluation of 3T MRI findings for primary adnexal lesions and comparison with the final histological diagnosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 289:357\u2013364","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"4871_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.326125520","volume":"32","author":"P Mohaghegh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohaghegh P, Rockall AG (2012) Imaging strategy for early ovarian cancer: characterization of adnexal tumors with conventional and advanced imaging techniques. Radiographics 32:1751\u20131773","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4871_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2017.03.001","volume":"25","author":"WR Masch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masch WR, Daye D, Lee SI (2017) MR imaging for incidental adnexal mass characterization. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 25:521\u2013543","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"4871_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0455-4","volume":"7","author":"PV Foti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foti PV, Attin\u00e0 G, Spadola S et al (2016) MR imaging of ovarian masses: classification and differential diagnosis. Insights Imaging 7:21\u201341","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"4871_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23721","volume":"37","author":"HA Vargas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vargas HA, Barrett T, Sala E (2013) MRI of ovarian masses. J Magn Reson Imaging 37:265\u2013281","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"4871_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nimwegen van LWE, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Krijger de RR et al (2019) MR imaging in discriminating between benign and malignant pediatric ovarian masses: a systematic review. Eur Radiol 30:1166\u20131181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06420-4"},{"key":"4871_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4035-8","volume":"293","author":"I Meinhold-Heerlein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P et al (2016) The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications. Arch Gynecol Obstet 293:695\u2013700","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"4871_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7177.193b","volume":"318","author":"JJ Deeks","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Altman DG (1999) Sensitivity and specificity and their confidence intervals cannot exceed 100%. BMJ 318:193\u2013194","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4871_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.1.r00ja3939","volume":"214","author":"H Hricak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hricak H, Chen M, Coakley FV et al (2000) Complex adnexal masses: detection and characterization with MR imaging \u2014 multivariate analysis. Radiology 214:39\u201346","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4871_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481806","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/481806","volume":"2012","author":"AL Valentini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valentini AL, Gui B, Micco M et al (2012) Benign and suspicious ovarian masses \u2014 MR imaging criteria for characterization: pictorial review. J Oncol 2012:481806","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"4871_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.226025033","volume":"22","author":"SE Jun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jun SE, Lee JM, Rha SE et al (2002) CT and MR imaging of ovarian tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis. Radiographics 22:1305\u20131325","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4871_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9261.141995","volume":"19","author":"G Cecchetto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cecchetto G (2014) Gonadal germ cell tumors in children and adolescents. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 19:189\u2013194","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-020-04871-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-020-04871-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-020-04871-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T16:28:28Z","timestamp":1613838508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-020-04871-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-020-04871-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0449","1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0449","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}