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More than 40 certified AI products are available for chest radiography or chest CT. These AI products cover a wide range of abnormalities, including pneumonia, pneumothorax and lung cancer. Most applications are aimed at detecting disease, complemented by products that characterize or quantify tissue. At present, none of the thoracic AI products is specifically designed for the pediatric population. However, some products developed to detect tuberculosis in adults are also applicable to children. Software is under development to detect early changes of cystic fibrosis on chest CT, which could be an interesting application for pediatric radiology. In this review, we give an overview of current AI products in thoracic radiology and cover recent literature about AI in chest radiography, with a focus on pediatric radiology. We also discuss possible pediatric applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05146-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1630508577000},"page":"2120-2130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Current and emerging artificial intelligence applications in chest imaging: a pediatric perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Schalekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willemijn M.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kicky G.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11149-6_10","volume-title":"Diseases of the chest, breast, heart and vessels 2019\u20132022: diagnostic and interventional imaging","author":"A Hart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hart A, Lee EY (2019) Pediatric chest disorders: practical imaging approach to diagnosis. 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