{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:11:44Z","timestamp":1789391504205,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08HS028847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HS028847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R49CE003074-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R49CE003074-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-025-06223-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T02:50:40Z","timestamp":1745290240000},"page":"1257-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Using deep learning for estimation of time-since-injury in pediatric accidental fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Farah W.","family":"Brink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Bambach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmaine B.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Rust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Katherine","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Messer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6223_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04648-7","volume":"50","author":"DL Messer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Messer DL, Adler BH, Brink FW et al (2020) Radiographic timelines for pediatric healing fractures: a systematic review. Pediatr Radiol 50(8):1041\u20131048","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6223_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinman PK (Ed.) (2015) Diagnostic imaging of child abuse (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. Chapter 6: Dating fractures","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511862366"},{"key":"6223_CR3","unstructured":"Yeo LI, Reed MH (1994) Staging of healing of femoral fractures in children. Canadian Assoc Radiol J J Assoc Canadienne Des Radiol 45(1):16\u201319"},{"issue":"1","key":"6223_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.1.1750075","volume":"175","author":"O Islam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Islam O, Soboleski D, Symons S et al (2000) Development and duration of radiographic signs of bone healing in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 175(1):75\u201378","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6223_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01820.x","volume":"56","author":"CA Malone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malone CA, Sauer NJ, Fenton TW (2011) A radiographic assessment of pediatric fracture healing and time since injury. J Forensic Sci 56(5):1123\u20131130","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"6223_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.06.001","volume":"66","author":"KE Halliday","year":"2011","unstructured":"Halliday KE, Broderick NJ, Somers JM, Hawkes R (2011) Dating fractures in infants. Clin Radiol 66(11):1049\u20131054","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6223_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6734","volume":"198","author":"I Prosser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prosser I, Lawson Z, Evans A et al (2012) A timetable for the radiologic features of fracture healing in young children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198(5):1014\u20131020","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6223_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-016-2563-8","volume":"46","author":"C Warner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Warner C, Maguire S, Trefan L et al (2017) A study of radiological features of healing in long bone fractures among infants less than a year. Skeletal Radiol 46(3):333\u2013341","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"6223_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05038-3","volume":"51","author":"S Crompton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crompton S, Messina F, Klafkowski G et al (2021) Validating scoring systems for fracture healing in infants and young children: pilot study. Pediatr Radiol 51:1682\u20131689","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6223_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4276-8","volume":"49","author":"B Karmazyn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karmazyn B, Wanner MR, Marine MB et al (2019) The added value of a second read by pediatric radiologists for outside skeletal surveys. Pediatr Radiol 49(2):203\u2013209","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6223_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.10.013","volume":"41","author":"JC Densmore","year":"2006","unstructured":"Densmore JC, Lim HJ, Oldham KT, Guice KS (2006) Outcomes and delivery of care in pediatric injury. J Pediatr Surge 41(1):92\u201398","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surge"},{"issue":"7553","key":"6223_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","volume":"521","author":"Y LeCun","year":"2015","unstructured":"LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521(7553):436\u2013444","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"6223_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3054390","volume":"109","author":"SK Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou SK, Greenspan H, Davatzikos C et al (2021) A review of deep learning in medical imaging: imaging traits, technology trends, case studies with progress highlights, and future promises. Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electr Eng 109(5):820\u2013838","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electr Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"6223_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-022-05380-0","volume":"52","author":"A Tsai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsai A, Grant PE, Warfield SK et al (2022) Deep learning of birth-related infant clavicle fractures: a potential virtual consultant for fracture dating. Pediatr Radiol 52(11):2206\u20132214","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6223_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240300","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.240300","volume":"6","author":"AS Tejani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tejani AS, Klontzas ME, Gatti AA et al (2024) Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM): 2024 update. Radiol Artif Intell 6(4):e240300","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"key":"6223_CR16","unstructured":"Messer DL (2019) Variables influencing time since injury of pediatric healing fractures; radiographic assessment and implications for child physical abuse [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. https:\/\/etd.ohiolink.edu\/acprod\/odb_etd\/etd\/r\/1501\/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=osu1574408203228578"},{"key":"6223_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition pp 770-778","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"6223_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kornblith S, Shlens J, Le QV (2019) Do better imagenet models transfer better?. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition pp 2661-2671","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00277"},{"issue":"4","key":"6223_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05618-5","volume":"53","author":"M Paddock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paddock M, Choudhary AK, Jeanes A et al (2023) Controversial aspects of imaging in child abuse: a second roundtable discussion from the ESPR child abuse taskforce. Pediatr Radiol 53(4):739\u2013751","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6223_CR20","unstructured":"Paszke A, Gross S, Massa F et al (2019) PyTorch: an imperative style, high-performance deep learning library. ArXiv, abs\/1912.01703"},{"key":"6223_CR21","unstructured":"Kingma DP, Ba J (2014) Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. ArXiv preprint. arXiv:1412.6980"},{"key":"6223_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraju RR, Cogswell M, Das A et al (2017) Grad-cam: visual explanations from deep networks via gradient-based localization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision pp 618-626","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"6223_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu Z, Zhou M, Wang L et al (2016) Ordinal regression with multiple output CNN for age estimation. 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE pp 4920\u20134928","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.532"},{"key":"6223_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.11.008","volume":"140","author":"W Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao W, Mirjalili V, Raschka S (2020) Rank consistent ordinal regression for neural networks with application to age estimation. Pattern Recog Lett 140:325\u2013331","journal-title":"Pattern Recog Lett"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06223-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06223-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06223-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T09:51:45Z","timestamp":1748425905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06223-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06223-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Drs. Farah Brink and M. Katherine Henry\u2019s institutions have been paid in cases with concern for child maltreatment for which they were subpoenaed to provide expert testimony.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}