{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:55:14Z","timestamp":1792104914936,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012940","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-dimensional (D) assessment of renal volume underestimates the actual value and shows high interobserver variability. Limited data exist on innovative 3-D ultrasound (US) technique for the evaluation of pediatric hydronephrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the interrater agreement of kidney volume segmentation by 3-D US with a matrix array transducer in children with hydronephrosis and to compare the 3-D metrics to conventional hydronephrosis grading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively acquired 48 renal volumes in 45 patients with hydronephrosis by freehand 3-D US (6\u20131\u00a0MHz volumetric sector array, electronic rotation; median age, 4\u00a0years; 1\u00a0month to 16\u00a0years). Semi-automated kidney segmentation was performed by two independent readers providing volumes for total kidney (renal capsule), dilated collective system, renal parenchyma (renal capsule-collective system) and hydronephrosis index (renal parenchyma\/capsule). Interrater agreement was evaluated with Bland\u2013Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dice similarity coefficients. The maximum calibre of renal pelvis was measured and hydronephroses were morphologically classified grade 1\u20134.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interrater agreement for renal capsule, collective system, hydronephrosis index, and renal parenchyma was good to excellent with ICC of 0.94, 0.87, 0.83 and 0.92 respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 each). Median Dice was 0.90 (capsule), 0.77 (collective system) and 0.88 (parenchyma). There was a positive correlation between conventional hydronephrosis grading and ultrasonic hydronephrosis index and between renal pelvis diameter and collective system volume (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 both).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semiautomatic 3-D US volumetric analysis has a high degree of interrater agreement and enables reliable assessment of renal parenchymal volume in hydronephrosis. Volumes of the collective system and hydronephrosis index correlate with the extent of hydronephrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trial registration number, DRKS00022772; date of registration, 07\/31\/2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-025-06249-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T08:40:00Z","timestamp":1746520800000},"page":"1298-1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Semiautomatic three-dimensional ultrasound renal volume segmentation in pediatric hydronephrosis: interrater agreement and correlation to conventional hydronephrosis grading"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Esser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Tsiflikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Jago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Rouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen F.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"6249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00458","volume":"8","author":"A Onen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onen A (2020) Grading of hydronephrosis: an ongoing challenge. 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Jago, PhD is employee of Philips Healthcare. Mrs. Laurence Rouet, PhD is employee of Philips Health Technology Innovation Paris. The study was supported by a research grant in the framework of a collaboration contract with Philips Ultrasound, Inc.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that there are no further conflicts of\u00a0interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}