{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T22:20:14Z","timestamp":1781389214433,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fentanyl is used in some pediatric practices with a goal of suppressing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in brown fat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to\u00a0examine the frequency, intensity, and distribution of brown fat uptake in warmed children undergoing 18F-FDG PET\/CT with and without premedication with fentanyl.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and\u00a0Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included children (&lt;\u200918\u00a0years old) who underwent 18F-FDG-PET from 2014 to 2024 at a center that routinely warms patients and uses intravenous fentanyl for brown fat suppression for most patients. Three radiologists assessed the presence, intensity, and location of brown fat uptake. Chi-square test and two-sample\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test were used to compare the demographics and brown fat uptake between premedication and non-premedication groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 873 18F-FDG-PETs, 595 (68%) were performed with fentanyl premedication and warming and 278 (32%) were conducted with warming alone. Brown fat uptake was observed in 46 (5.3%) FDG-PETs, 32\/595 (5.4%) in the premedicated group and 14\/278 (5.0%) in the non-premedicated group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.83). No differences were found in brown fat intensity or location based on premedication status. Age (14.5 vs. 8.5;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and BMI (20.1 vs. 17.7;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly associated with brown fat uptake.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fentanyl premedication does not significantly affect brown fat uptake frequency, intensity, or location in warmed children undergoing 18F-FDG-PET.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-025-06381-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T09:08:18Z","timestamp":1756976898000},"page":"2643-2650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does the addition of fentanyl premedication impact brown fat uptake in children undergoing a warming protocol for FDG PET?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Mariama","family":"Lukulay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradipta","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam F.","family":"Prasanphanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Trout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara E.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.254110","volume":"62","author":"R Vali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vali R, Alessio A, Balza R, Borgwardt L, Bar-Sever Z, Czachowski M, Jehanno N, Kurch L, Pandit-Taskar N, Parisi M, Piccardo A, Seghers V, Shulkin BL, Zucchetta P, Lim R (2021) SNMMI procedure standard\/EANM practice guideline on pediatric (18)F-FDG PET\/CT for oncology 1.0. 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Dr. Anton has no declarations of interest. Dr. Li has no declarations of interest. Dr. Prasanphanich has no declarations of interest. Dr. Sharp has no declarations of interest. Dr. Zhang has no declarations of interest. Dr. Trout has previously consulted for GE Healthcare related to PET imaging. Dr. Trout has PET-related research support from GE Healthcare and unrelated research support from Siemens Healthineers and Perspectum Inc. No support was received for the current work. Dr. Morin has no declarations of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}