{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:24:44Z","timestamp":1791570284852,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-025-06433-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:43:05Z","timestamp":1761990185000},"page":"28-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advancements in 3D modeling technologies for congenital heart disease: integrating 3D printing, virtual reality, and holograms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bertelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakansha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher Z.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Seatle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Joon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Daskalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-016-0004-x","volume":"2","author":"S-J Yoo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoo S-J, Thabit O, Kim EK et al (2015) 3D printing in medicine of congenital heart diseases. 3D Print Med 2:3","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"6433_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx208","volume":"52","author":"I Valverde","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valverde I, Gomez-Ciriza G, Hussain T et al (2017) Three-dimensional printed models for surgical planning of complex congenital heart defects: an international multicentre study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 52:1139\u20131148","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111700","volume":"263","author":"T Hussain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hussain T, Lossnitzer D, Bellsham-Revell H et al (2012) Three-dimensional dual-phase whole-heart MR imaging: clinical implications for congenital heart disease. Radiology 263:547\u2013554","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"6433_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4293-7","volume":"49","author":"CZ Lam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lam CZ, Pagano JJ, Gill N et al (2019) Dual phase infusion with bolus tracking: technical innovation for cardiac and respiratory navigated magnetic resonance angiography using extracellular contrast. Pediatr Radiol 49:399\u2013406","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6433_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-016-9879-8","volume":"29","author":"J Gosnell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gosnell J, Pietila T, Samuel BP et al (2016) Integration of computed tomography and three-dimensional echocardiography for hybrid three-dimensional printing in congenital heart disease. J Digit Imaging 29:665\u2013669","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"6433_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00289","volume":"5","author":"S-J Yoo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoo S-J, van Arsdell GS (2017) 3D Printing in Surgical Management of Double Outlet Right Ventricle. Front Pediatr 5:289","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6433_CR7","volume-title":"Moss & Adams\u2019 heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult","author":"HD Allen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (2013) Moss & Adams\u2019 heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult, 8th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","edition":"8"},{"key":"6433_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","volume":"30","author":"A Fedorov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorov A, Beichel R, Kalpathy-Cramer J (2012) 3D slicer as an image computing platform for the quantitative imaging network. Magn Reson Imaging 30:1323\u20131341","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"6433_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","volume":"31","author":"PA Yushkevich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC et al (2006) User-guided 3d active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage 31:1116\u20131128","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"6433_CR10","unstructured":"3D Printing Market Size, Growth, Share | Global Report [2032]. https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/industry-reports\/3d-printing-market-101902. Accessed 3 Sept 2024"},{"key":"6433_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-023-02823-z","volume":"39","author":"N Stephenson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stephenson N, Pushparajah K, Wheeler G (2023) Extended reality for procedural planning and guidance in structural heart disease - a review of the state-of-the-art. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 39:1405\u20131419","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"6433_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-024-05875-y","volume":"54","author":"Z Abramson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abramson Z, Thompson D, Goode C et al (2024) Current and emerging 3D visualization technologies in radiology. Pediatr Radiol 54:684\u2013692","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6433_CR13","volume":"36","author":"F Bertelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bertelli F, Raimondi F, Godard C et al (2023) Fast-track virtual reality software to facilitate 3-dimensional reconstruction in congenital heart disease. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 36:ivad087","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.15508","volume":"36","author":"F Raimondi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raimondi F, Vida V, Godard C et al (2021) Fast-track virtual reality for cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease. J Card Surg 36:2598\u20132602","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR15","unstructured":"(2024) Avatar Medical -. https:\/\/avatarmedical.ai\/, https:\/\/avatarmedical.ai\/. Accessed 17 Sept 2024"},{"key":"6433_CR16","unstructured":"Realize Medical \u2013 Plan better surgeries in virtual reality. https:\/\/www.realizemed.com\/. Accessed 17 Sept 2024"},{"key":"6433_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033239","volume":"13","author":"JE Zablah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zablah JE, Than J, Browne LP et al (2024) Patient screening for self-expanding percutaneous pulmonary valves using virtual reality. J Am Heart Assoc 13:e033239","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"6433_CR18","unstructured":"Artiness \u2013 The new way to look inside. https:\/\/www.artinessreality.com"},{"key":"6433_CR19","unstructured":"CarnaLife Holo - MedApp. https:\/\/carnalifeholo.com"},{"key":"6433_CR20","unstructured":"Unity Real-Time Development Platform | 3D, 2D, VR & AR Engine. https:\/\/unity.com"},{"key":"6433_CR21","unstructured":"The most powerful real-time 3D creation tool - Unreal Engine. https:\/\/www.unrealengine.com"},{"key":"6433_CR22","unstructured":"Mixed Reality Template Quick Start Guide | Mixed Reality | 1.0.1. https:\/\/docs.unity3d.com\/Packages\/com.unity.template.mixed-reality@1.0"},{"key":"6433_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.12.054","volume":"153","author":"S-J Yoo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoo S-J, Spray T, Austin EH et al (2017) Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 153:1530\u20131540","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.06.001","volume":"86","author":"S Mottl-Link","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mottl-Link S, H\u00fcbler M, K\u00fchne T (2008) Physical models aiding in complex congenital heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 86:273\u2013277","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.12.004","volume":"83","author":"R Sodian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sodian R, Weber S, Markert M (2007) Stereolithographic models for surgical planning in congenital heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 83:1854\u20131857","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.006891","volume":"11","author":"D Yim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yim D, Dragulescu A, Ide H et al (2018) Essential modifiers of Double outlet right ventricle: revisit with endocardial surface images and 3-dimensional print models. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 11:e006891","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"6433_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv320","volume":"22","author":"L Kiraly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kiraly L, Tofeig M, Jha NK, Talo H (2016) Three-dimensional printed prototypes refine the anatomy of post-modified Norwood-1 complex aortic arch obstruction and allow presurgical simulation of the repair. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 22:238\u2013240","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.011","volume":"138","author":"E Riesenkampff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riesenkampff E, Rietdorf U, Wolf I et al (2009) The practical clinical value of three-dimensional models of complex congenitally malformed hearts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 138:571\u2013580","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.03.055","volume":"136","author":"R Sodian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sodian R, Weber S, Markert M et al (2008) Pediatric cardiac transplantation: three-dimensional printing of anatomic models for surgical planning of heart transplantation in patients with univentricular heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 136:1098\u20131099","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.04.030","volume":"8","author":"JR Ryan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ryan JR, Moe TG, Richardson R et al (2015) A novel approach to neonatal management of tetralogy of Fallot, with pulmonary atresia, and multiple aortopulmonary collaterals. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 8:103\u2013104","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"6433_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.621672","author":"SJ Yoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoo SJ, Hussein N, Peel B et al (2021) 3D modeling and printing in congenital heart surgery: entering the stage of maturation. Front Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.621672","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6433_CR32","first-page":"302","volume":"37","author":"I Shiraishi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiraishi I, Yamagishi M, Hamaoka K et al (2010) Simulative operation on congenital heart disease using rubber-like urethane stereolithographic biomodels based on 3D datasets of multislice computed tomography. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg Off J Eur Assoc Cardio-Thorac Surg 37:302\u2013306","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg Off J Eur Assoc Cardio-Thorac Surg"},{"key":"6433_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951119000106","volume":"29","author":"SGM Jivanji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jivanji SGM, Qureshi SA, Rosenthal E (2019) Novel use of a 3D printed heart model to guide simultaneous percutaneous repair of severe pulmonary regurgitation and right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm. Cardiol Young 29:534\u2013537","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"6433_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12414","volume":"12","author":"G Biglino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biglino G, Capelli C, Koniordou D (2017) Use of 3D models of congenital heart disease as an education tool for cardiac nurses. Congenit Heart Dis 12:113\u2013118","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"6433_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1586-9","volume":"38","author":"G Biglino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biglino G, Koniordou D, Gasparini M et al (2017) Piloting the use of patient-specific cardiac models as a novel tool to facilitate communication during cinical consultations. Pediatr Cardiol 38:813\u2013818","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"6433_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20633","volume":"4","author":"B Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim B, Loke Y-H, Mass P (2020) A novel virtual reality medical image display system for group discussions of congenital heart disease: development and usability testing. JMIR Cardio 4:e20633","journal-title":"JMIR Cardio"},{"key":"6433_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-021-02191-6","volume":"37","author":"N Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel N, Costa A, Sanders SP, Ezon D (2021) Stereoscopic virtual reality does not improve knowledge acquisition of congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 37:2283\u20132290","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"6433_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060884","volume":"11","author":"I Lau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lau I, Gupta A, Sun Z (2021) Clinical value of virtual reality versus 3D printing in congenital heart disease. Biomolecules 11:884","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"6433_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy685","volume":"40","author":"A Mendez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mendez A, Hussain T, Hosseinpour A-R, Valverde I (2019) Virtual reality for preoperative planning in large ventricular septal defects. Eur Heart J 40:1092","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"6433_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01959-8","volume":"47","author":"AF d\u2019Aiello","year":"2023","unstructured":"d\u2019Aiello AF, Cabitza F, Natali C et al (2023) The Effect of Holographic Heart Models and Mixed Reality for Anatomy Learning in Congenital Heart Disease: An Exploratory Study. J Med Syst 47:1\u201311","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"6433_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1378924","volume":"11","author":"AF d\u2019Aiello","year":"2024","unstructured":"d\u2019Aiello AF, Schianchi L, Bevilacqua F (2024) Holography-guided procedural planning for modifying Venus P-valve implantation technique in patients with left pulmonary artery stents: a case-series. Front Cardiovasc Med 11:1378924","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"6433_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.03.020","volume":"12","author":"G Butera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butera G, Sturla F, Pluchinotta FR et al (2019) Holographic augmented reality and 3D printing for advanced planning of Sinus Venosus ASD\/Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return percutaneous management. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 12:1389\u20131391","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"6433_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fabio D\u2019aiello A, Bognoni L, Bevilacqua F, et al Angelo Fabio d\u2019Aiello et al.-Holographic Techniques for Surgical Intervention Planning Original Paper Holographic Techniques as a Novel Method for Intervention Planning: A Tertiary Centre\u2019s Experience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12865\/CHSJ.49.04.15","DOI":"10.12865\/CHSJ.49.04.15"},{"key":"6433_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5e01.eb1a","volume":"11","author":"J Gerup","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gerup J, Soerensen CB, Dieckmann P (2020) Augmented reality and mixed reality for healthcare education beyond surgery: an integrative review. Int J Med Educ 11:1","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"},{"key":"6433_CR45","unstructured":"MONAI P MONAI - Medical Open Network for AI. https:\/\/monai.io\/. Accessed 2 July 2025"},{"key":"6433_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320816","volume":"20","author":"T Kimura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kimura T, Takiguchi K, Tsukita S (2025) Development of anatomically accurate digital organ models for surgical simulation and training. PLoS ONE 20:e0320816","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06433-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06433-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06433-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T11:44:50Z","timestamp":1769255090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06433-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-025-06433-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interes"}}]}}