{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:56:49Z","timestamp":1790639809802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric tuberculosis diagnosis relies heavily on imaging, yet access, equipment standards, and dose monitoring differ widely across health systems. Evidence describing how these contextual factors influence imaging use and radiation exposure in children remains scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe pediatric tuberculosis imaging practices and estimated radiation doses across two distinct resource settings, Spain (hospital-based, high-resource) and Mozambique (primary care-based, low-resource), to inform strategies for safe, equitable, and context-appropriate imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive mixed-methods study combined retrospective data of children (&lt;16 years) diagnosed with tuberculosis (Spain 2015\u20132021; Mozambique 2018\u20132021) with complementary surveys of imaging providers. In Spain, chest X-ray and computed tomography parameters were extracted from digital imaging and communications in medicine files to estimate organ-specific doses using the National Cancer Institute dosimetry systems for radiography and computed tomography. In Mozambique, dose estimates were based on standardized pediatric protocols and site survey parameters due to limited digital data. Surveys captured information on imaging access, guideline use, and professional training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Imaging data were available for 84 Spanish and 83 Mozambican children. In Spain, children underwent multiple chest X-rays (mean four per child) and computed tomographies (mean three per child), resulting in cumulative lung doses up to ~20 mGy\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , remaining below diagnostic reference levels. In Mozambique, most children had one or two chest X-rays, with cumulative lung doses &lt;0.05 mGy\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Survey findings indicated structured dose optimization and quality assurance practices in Spain, versus limited equipment and predominantly non-physician interpretation in Mozambique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Context-appropriate improvements in pediatric imaging such as strengthened infrastructure, training, dose monitoring, and quality assurance are essential to ensure safe exposure and equitable, reliable tuberculosis diagnosis for children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-026-06535-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T10:35:20Z","timestamp":1771410920000},"page":"936-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contextual dimensions of pediatric tuberculosis imaging: radiation exposure, access, and system capacity in high- and low-resource settings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Munyangaju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jahnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridwaan","family":"Esmail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedita","family":"Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinta","family":"Adrigwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crim\u00e9nia","family":"Mutemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel Escudero","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Soriano-Arandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Espiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a Santiago","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Hernanz-Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Lancharro-Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleix","family":"Soler-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Ladera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Noguera-Julian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Blazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa Aguirre","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quique","family":"Bassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lopez-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Thierry-Chef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6535_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 Oct [cited 2024 Nov 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024"},{"key":"6535_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-023-04992-0","volume":"91","author":"C Rodrigues","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rodrigues C, Singhal T (2024) What is new in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis? Indian J Pediatr 91:1\u20138","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"6535_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piac082","volume":"11","author":"FW Basile","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basile FW, Nabeta P, Ruhwald M, Song R (2022) Pediatric tuberculosis diagnostics: present and future. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc 11:S85\u2013S93","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"6535_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05648-z","volume":"53","author":"N Mahomed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahomed N, Kilborn T, Smit EJ et al (2023) Tuberculosis revisted: classic imaging findings in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 53:1799\u20131828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-023-05648-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6535_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.583197","volume":"9","author":"D Buonsenso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buonsenso D, Pata D, Visconti E et al (2021) Chest CT scan for the diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis: radiological findings and diagnostic significance. Front Pediatr 9:583197","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6535_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05654-1","volume":"53","author":"NDP Concepcion","year":"2023","unstructured":"Concepcion NDP, Laya BF, Andronikou S et al (2023) Imaging recommendations and algorithms for pediatric tuberculosis: part 1-thoracic tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 53:1773\u20131781","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6535_CR7","unstructured":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation: UNSCEAR 2013 report to the General Assembly, with scientific annex B [Internet]. New York: United Nations; 2013 [cited 2021 Aug 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unscear.org\/unscear\/en\/publications\/2013_2.html"},{"key":"6535_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040645","volume":"10","author":"E Shelly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shelly E, Waldron MG, Field E et al (2023) Cumulative radiation dose from medical imaging in children with congenital heart disease: a systematic review. Children 10:645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10040645","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"6535_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 5\u2014management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents: web annex 5 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022 [cited 2022 Oct 11]. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/352512"},{"key":"6535_CR10","unstructured":"Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Understanding radiation [Internet]. Ottawa: CNSC; [cited 2025 Mar 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca\/eng\/resources\/fact-sheets\/understanding-radiation\/"},{"key":"6535_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncs251","volume":"154","author":"T Kawasaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kawasaki T, Aoyama T, Yamauchi-Kawaura C et al (2013) Organ and effective dose estimation in pediatric chest radiographic examinations using pin silicon photodiode dosemeters. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 154:314\u2013319","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"6535_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.311","volume":"167","author":"DL Miglioretti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miglioretti DL, Johnson E, Williams A et al (2013) The use of computed tomography in pediatrics and the associated radiation exposure and estimated cancer risk. JAMA Pediatr 167:700\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.311","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"6535_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210471","volume":"94","author":"A de Berrington Gonzalez","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Berrington Gonzalez A, Pasqual E, Veiga L (2021) Epidemiological studies of CT scans and cancer risk: the state of the science. Br J Radiol 94:20210471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20210471","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"6535_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30177-8","volume":"20","author":"SK Jain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain SK, Andronikou S, Goussard P et al (2020) Advanced imaging tools for childhood tuberculosis: potential applications and research needs. Lancet Infect Dis 20:e289\u2013e297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30177-8","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"6535_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khong PL, Ringertz H, Donoghue V et al (2013) ICRP publication 121: radiological protection in paediatric diagnostic and interventional radiology. Ann ICRP 42:1\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.10.001"},{"key":"6535_CR16","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Radiation and health [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/radiation-and-health"},{"key":"6535_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-001392","volume":"2","author":"I Munyangaju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munyangaju I, Jos\u00e9 B, Bassat Q et al (2024) Assessment of radiological capacity and disparities in TB diagnosis: a comparative study of Mozambique, South Africa and Spain. BMJ Public Health 2:e001392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjph-2024-001392","journal-title":"BMJ Public Health"},{"key":"6535_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2022.100472","volume":"10","author":"EO Tonne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tonne EO, Fosb\u00f8l M\u00d8, Poulsen A et al (2023) Imaging modalities for pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a systematic review. European Journal of Radiology Open 10:100472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejro.2022.100472","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology Open"},{"key":"6535_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00673-5","volume":"398","author":"KA Fleming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleming KA, Horton S, Wilson ML et al (2021) The Lancet Commission on diagnostics: transforming access to diagnostics. Lancet 398:1997\u20132050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00673-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6535_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30751-8","volume":"22","author":"H Hricak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hricak H, Abdel-Wahab M, Atun R et al (2021) Medical imaging and nuclear medicine: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 22:e136\u2013e172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30751-8","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"6535_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299293","volume":"19","author":"I Munyangaju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munyangaju I, Jos\u00e9 B, Esmail R et al (2024) Evaluation of radiological capacity and usage in paediatric TB diagnosis: a mixed-method protocol of a comparative study in Mozambique, South Africa and Spain. PLoS One 19:e0299293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299293","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6535_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004016","volume":"42","author":"A Hernanz-Lobo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hernanz-Lobo A, Noguera-Julian A, Minguell L et al (2023) Prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with nonsevere tuberculosis in Spain. Pediatr Infect Dis J 42:837\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000004016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"6535_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jahnen A, Hermen J, Dabin J et al. DICOMInspector: collection and analysis of exposure data from clinical procedures. In: Proceedings of the ISORED Conference 2023. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.34828.49288","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.34828.49288"},{"key":"6535_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/acd2de","volume":"9","author":"C Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee C, Yeom YS, Shin J et al (2023) NCIRF: an organ dose calculator for patients undergoing radiography and fluoroscopy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 9:10.1088\/2057-1976\/acd2de","journal-title":"Biomed Phys Eng Express"},{"key":"6535_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/35\/4\/891","volume":"35","author":"C Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee C, Kim KP, Bolch WE et al (2015) NCICT: a computational solution to estimate organ doses for pediatric and adult patients undergoing CT scans. J Radiol Prot 35:891\u2013909","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"},{"key":"6535_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy231","volume":"48","author":"MO Bernier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernier MO, Baysson H, Pearce MS et al (2019) Cohort profile: the EPI-CT study: a European pooled epidemiological study to quantify the risk of radiation-induced cancer from paediatric CT. Int J Epidemiol 48:379\u2013381g. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyy231","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6535_CR27","unstructured":"World Bank. Understanding country income classifications for FY26 [Internet]. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2025 [cited 2025 Aug 14]. Available from: https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/understanding-country-income--world-bank-group-income-classifica"},{"key":"6535_CR28","unstructured":"European Society of Radiology. European guidelines on diagnostic reference levels for paediatric imaging [Internet]. Vienna: European Union; 2018 [cited 2025 Jul 16]. Radiation Protection No. 185. Available from: https:\/\/www.eurosafeimaging.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/rp_185.pdf"},{"key":"6535_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.S1.S6","volume":"31","author":"KH Do","year":"2016","unstructured":"Do KH (2016) General principles of radiation protection in diagnostic medical exposure. J Korean Med Sci 31:S6\u2013S9","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"6535_CR30","unstructured":"Frane N, Bitterman A. Radiation safety and protection. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 21]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557499\/"},{"key":"6535_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22562","volume":"47","author":"JB Garrido","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garrido JB, Al\u00edas Hern\u00e1ndez I, Bonillo Perales A et al (2012) Usefulness of thoracic CT to diagnose tuberculosis disease in patients younger than 4 years of age. Pediatr Pulmonol 47:895\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.22562","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"6535_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_481_20","volume":"38","author":"R Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh R, Naranje P, Bhalla AS, Pandey S (2021) Magnetic resonance imaging in response assessment of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy: going beyond size. Lung India 38:431\u2013437","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"6535_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-017-2392-3","volume":"84","author":"KS Sodhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sodhi KS, Sharma M, Saxena AK et al (2017) MRI in thoracic tuberculosis of children. Indian J Pediatr 84:670\u2013676","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"6535_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/abfc98","volume":"41","author":"CJ Trauernicht","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trauernicht CJ, Pitcher RD (2021) An audit of published South African diagnostic reference level data. J Radiol Prot 41:291\u2013302","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"},{"key":"6535_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/hsag.v26i0.1622","volume":"26","author":"M Junda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Junda M, Muller H, Friedrich-Nel H (2021) Local diagnostic reference levels for routine chest X-ray examinations at a public sector hospital in central South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid 26:1622","journal-title":"Health SA Gesondheid"},{"key":"6535_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.4314\/tjs.v50i3.12","volume":"50","author":"AO Masoud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masoud AO, Kumwenda MJ, Salum SK et al (2024) Radiation doses to patients undergoing common X-ray examinations in selected hospitals in Tanzania. Tanzan J Sci 50:569\u2013579","journal-title":"Tanzan J Sci"},{"key":"6535_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278592","volume":"17","author":"JW Feyisa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feyisa JW, Lemu JC, Hunde MD et al (2022) Why health system diagnosis delay among tuberculosis patients in Illubabor, Oromia region, South West Ethiopia? A qualitative study. PLoS One 17:e0278592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0278592","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6535_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24500","volume":"54","author":"CC Heuvelings","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heuvelings CC, B\u00e9lard S, Andronikou S et al (2019) Chest ultrasound compared to chest X\u2010ray for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 54:1914\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.24500","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"6535_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24362","volume":"54","author":"D Buonsenso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buonsenso D, Curatola A, Valentini P et al (2019) Chest ultrasound findings in children with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in low tuberculosis incidence country. Pediatr Pulmonol 54:1348\u20131350","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"6535_CR40","first-page":"141","volume":"15","author":"NK Njue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Njue NK, Samuel M, Nderu D (2025) Gaps in pediatric tuberculosis detection, diagnosis and association with timely treatment at Kerugoya County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Int J Sci Res Publ 15:141\u2013161","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Publ"},{"key":"6535_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24230","volume":"54","author":"CC Heuvelings","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heuvelings CC, B\u00e9lard S, Andronikou S et al (2019) Chest ultrasound findings in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 54:463\u2013470","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"6535_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2036-7902-4-21","volume":"4","author":"T Heller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heller T, Wallrauch C, Goblirsch S, Brunetti E (2012) Focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis (FASH): a short protocol and pictorial review. Crit Ultrasound J 4:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2036-7902-4-21","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06535-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06535-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06535-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:01:47Z","timestamp":1790636507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06535-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06535-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"None","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}