{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T22:21:47Z","timestamp":1787437307125,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-026-06757-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:17:09Z","timestamp":1787390229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Simple Rules and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System for classifying benign and malignant pediatric adnexal lesions using ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Rongsen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiqing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guotao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6757_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420200023004","volume":"128","author":"MA Skinner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Skinner MA, Schlatter MG, Heifetz SA, Grosfeld JL (1993) Ovarian neoplasms in children. Discussion 853\u2013844. Arch Surg 128:849\u2013853","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"6757_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12598","volume":"94","author":"S Taskinen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taskinen S, Fagerholm R, Lohi J, Taskinen M (2015) Pediatric ovarian neoplastic tumors: incidence, age at presentation, tumor markers and outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 94:425\u2013429","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"6757_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2537","author":"AE Lawrence","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lawrence AE, Gonzalez DO, Fallat ME et al (2019) Factors associated with management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-2537","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6757_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.22939","volume":"36","author":"DL Cass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cass DL, Hawkins E, Brandt ML et al (2001) Surgery for ovarian masses in infants, children, and adolescents: 102 consecutive patients treated in a 15-year period. J Pediatr Surg 36:693\u2013699","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6757_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.022","volume":"45","author":"SC Oltmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oltmann SC, Garcia N, Barber R et al (2010) Can we preoperatively risk stratify ovarian masses for malignancy? J Pediatr Surg 45:130\u2013134","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6757_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.347130144","volume":"34","author":"SH Heo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heo SH, Kim JW, Shin SS et al (2014) Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 34:2039\u20132055","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"6757_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.17183","volume":"330","author":"PC Minneci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minneci PC, Bergus KC, Lutz C et al (2023) Reducing unnecessary oophorectomies for benign ovarian neoplasms in pediatric patients. JAMA 330:1247\u20131254","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6757_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000665","volume":"125","author":"AJ Hermans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hermans AJ, Kluivers KB, Wijnen MH et al (2015) Diagnosis and treatment of adnexal masses in children and adolescents. Obstet Gynecol 125:611\u2013615","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4600-3","volume":"27","author":"R Forstner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forstner R, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cunha TM et al (2017) ESUR recommendations for MR imaging of the sonographically indeterminate adnexal mass: an update. Eur Radiol 27:2248\u20132257","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6757_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11444-0","volume":"35","author":"AM Munari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Munari AM, Monti CB, Viglio C et al (2025) MRI of pediatric ovarian masses: validation of the O-RADS framework. Eur Radiol 35:5073\u20135080","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6757_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-019-0568-3","volume":"12","author":"S Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang S, Yu S, Hou W et al (2019) Diagnostic extended usefulness of RMI: comparison of four risk of malignancy index in preoperative differentiation of borderline ovarian tumors and benign ovarian tumors. J Ovarian Res 12:87","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"6757_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-017-0351-2","volume":"10","author":"SK Dora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dora SK, Dandapat AB, Pande B, Hota JP (2017) A prospective study to evaluate the risk malignancy index and its diagnostic implication in patients with suspected ovarian mass. J Ovarian Res 10:55","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"6757_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02448.x","volume":"97","author":"I Jacobs","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jacobs I, Oram D, Fairbanks J et al (1990) A risk of malignancy index incorporating CA 125, ultrasound and menopausal status for the accurate preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97:922\u2013929","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"6757_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5365","volume":"31","author":"D Timmerman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T et al (2008) Simple ultrasound-based rules for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31:681\u2013690","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24777","volume":"59","author":"AK Hiett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hiett AK, Sonek JD, Guy M, Reid TJ (2022) Performance of IOTA simple rules, simple rules risk assessment, ADNEX model and O-RADS in differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal lesions in North American women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 59:668\u2013676","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00287.x","volume":"16","author":"D Timmerman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Timmerman D, Valentin L, Bourne TH et al (2000) Terms, definitions and measurements to describe the sonographic features of adnexal tumors: a consensus opinion from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 16:500\u2013505","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26080","volume":"61","author":"C Landolfo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Landolfo C, Bourne T, Froyman W et al (2023) Benign descriptors and ADNEX in two-step strategy to estimate risk of malignancy in ovarian tumors: retrospective validation in IOTA5 multicenter cohort. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 61:231\u2013242","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5969","volume":"9","author":"S Timmerman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Timmerman S, Valentin L, Ceusters J et al (2023) External validation of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) lexicon and the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis 2-step strategy to stratify ovarian tumors into O-RADS risk groups. JAMA Oncol 9:225\u2013233","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"6757_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230685","volume":"308","author":"LM Strachowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Strachowski LM, Jha P, Phillips CH et al (2023) O-RADS US v2022: an update from the American College of Radiology\u2019s Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US Committee. Radiology 308:e230685","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"6757_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.29291","volume":"66","author":"M Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu M, Huang L, Chen Y et al (2025) Diagnostic accuracy of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System, IOTA Simple Rules and Pediatric Risk of Malignancy Index for pediatric adnexal lesions: comparative study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 66:361\u2013367","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.21237","volume":"41","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo Y, Zhao B, Zhou S et al (2022) A comparison of the diagnostic performance of the O-RADS, RMI4, IOTA LR2, and IOTA SR systems by senior and junior doctors. Ultrasonography 41:511\u2013518","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"6757_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1354837","volume":"14","author":"J Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han J, Wen J, Hu W (2024) Comparison of O-RADS with the ADNEX model and IOTA SR for risk stratification of adnexal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 14:1354837","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6757_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2023.08.012","volume":"177","author":"G Spagnol","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spagnol G, Marchetti M, De Tommasi O et al (2023) Simple rules, O-RADS, ADNEX and SRR model: single oncologic center validation of diagnostic predictive models alone and combined (two-step strategy) to estimate the risk of malignancy in adnexal masses and ovarian tumors. Gynecol Oncol 177:109\u2013116","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"6757_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1091735","volume":"11","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Wang L, An S et al(2023) American College of Radiology Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound (O-RADS): diagnostic performance and inter-reviewer agreement for ovarian masses in children. Front Pediatr 11:1091735","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6757_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h5527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5527","volume":"351","author":"PM Bossuyt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al (2015) STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. Bmj 351:h5527","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"6757_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2003.10.002","volume":"18","author":"L Valentin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Valentin L (2004) Use of morphology to characterize and manage common adnexal masses. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18:71\u201389","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"6757_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159\u2013174","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"6757_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000529355","volume":"88","author":"Z Vilendecic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vilendecic Z, Radojevic M, Stefanovic K et al (2023) Accuracy of IOTA simple rules, IOTA ADNEX model, RMI, and subjective assessment for preoperative adnexal mass evaluation: the experience of a tertiary care referral hospital. Gynecol Obstet Invest 88:116\u2013122","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"6757_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27642","volume":"64","author":"MA Pascual","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pascual MA, Vancraeynest L, Timmerman S et al (2024) Validation of ADNEX and IOTA two-step strategy and estimation of risk of complications during follow-up of adnexal masses in low-risk population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 64:395\u2013404","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6757_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.29155","volume":"65","author":"N Cooper","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cooper N, Meehan H, Linton-Reid K et al (2025) Clinical utility of ultrasonography in pediatric and adolescent gynecology: retrospective review of 1313 ultrasound examinations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 65:226\u2013234","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06757-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06757-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06757-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T22:02:26Z","timestamp":1787436146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06757-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["6757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-026-06757-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}