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All radiographs included in this study were obtained at Erzurum City Hospital, a training and research hospital affiliated with the University of Health Sciences. The approving ethics committee is the institutional review board of the University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Faculty of Medicine, and provides ethical oversight for research conducted at its affiliated clinical institutions, including the hospital where the study data were collected. Therefore, the approving committee and the data-collection site operate within the same institutional academic and clinical framework. Two of the authors (S.K. and B.K.) are affiliated with the institution where the radiographs were obtained. All clinical and radiographic data originated exclusively from this single institution. Radiographic measurements were subsequently performed by four orthopedic surgeons affiliated with different institutions for the assessment of interobserver reliability. These observers accessed only de-identified radiographic images, and no patient-identifiable information was transferred outside the originating institution. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the approving ethics committee. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}