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This study investigated the bacterial diversity and potential pathogenic bacterial etiology associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Amblyomma hebraeum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks collected from sheep and goats in Mahikeng, North West province. A total of 168 adult ticks were sampled across four villages. Microbiome profiling was performed using high-throughput sequencing of the V3\u2013V4 hypervariable regions of the 16\n                    <jats:italic>S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. High-throughput 16S\n                    <jats:italic>rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequencing revealed 16,193 ASVs in goat-derived ticks and 16,510 ASVs in those from sheep. Proteobacteria emerged as the dominant phylum across all samples, with ticks collected from goats showing a particularly high dominance of\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (51.64% relative abundance), suggesting potential zoonotic risks. In contrast, ticks from sheep harboured significantly more diverse and evenly distributed bacterial communities, as indicated by Shannon (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0138) and Simpson (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0233) diversity indices, despite comparable species richness. A core microbiome comprising 1,374 ASVs (32.3%) was shared across all ticks, alongside 1,504 and 1,372 unique ASVs in goat- and sheep-derived ticks, respectively. Notably, several medically and veterinary-relevant genera, including\n                    <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected across both host groups. While total species richness was comparable between hosts, alpha diversity indices that account for evenness revealed host-based differences, and beta diversity patterns further showed clear separation of bacterial communities by host species. This study indicates that the host plays a crucial role as an ecological driver affecting the diversity of microbial communities associated with ticks. This study improves our understanding of the diversity, composition, and abundance of tick-associated microbiomes and pathogens in South African small ruminants. These insights support the development of microbiome-targeted strategies for detecting and controlling tick-borne diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-025-02630-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T02:53:13Z","timestamp":1762570393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bacterial Communities Harboured by Amblyomma Hebraeum Infesting Small Stock in Mahikeng city, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Kealeboga","family":"Mileng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinalo","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes J.","family":"Bezuidenhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prudent S.","family":"Mokgokong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsepo A.","family":"Ramatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriel M. 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