{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1790294563843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":85,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microb Ecol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding how feeding ecology and environmental conditions shape gut microbiota is essential for interpreting host\u2013microbe interactions in extreme environments. Here, we investigated the diet and gut-associated bacterial communities of the Antarctic fairy shrimp\n                    <jats:italic>Branchinecta gaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    across multiple postglacial freshwater ponds on King George Island. We combined microscopic gut content analysis with 18\u00a0S and 16\u00a0S rRNA gene metabarcoding and distinguished between gut content and gut tract\u2013associated bacterial fractions in pooled, pond-level samples to assess the relative roles of diet, host filtering, and environmental context in structuring gut-associated communities. Our results reveal pronounced dietary flexibility of\n                    <jats:italic>B. gaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with strong site-specific differences in consumed eukaryotic taxa reflecting local resource availability. This trophic variability was mirrored by highly variable gut-associated bacterial communities, characterized by low taxonomic overlap among ponds and the absence of a stable core microbiota at the pooled sample level. Although bacterial assemblages differed between gut contents and gut tract, consistent at the composite-sample scale, this pattern suggests limited evidence for strong host filtering. Gut-associated communities retained pond-specific signatures, indicating a dominant role of environmental sourcing. Environmental drivers influenced different aspects of gut microbiome organization: hydrological connectivity and associated conductivity gradients were linked to shifts in bacterial community composition, whereas water temperature showed a non-linear association with bacterial alpha diversity but not with overall community structure. Water pH showed no detectable effect on either metric. Together, these findings indicate that gut-associated bacterial communities of\n                    <jats:italic>B. gaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as captured by pooled samples, largely reflect environmentally acquired assemblages shaped by opportunistic feeding and local environmental filtering. This ecological flexibility may represent a key strategy enabling persistence of\n                    <jats:italic>B. gaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    across highly heterogeneous Antarctic freshwater ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-026-02820-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:26:35Z","timestamp":1782962795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut Microbiota and Feeding Patterns of the Antarctic Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910): A Metabarcoding Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Cukier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Gawor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.26749\/rstpp.151.19","volume":"151","author":"H Dartnall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dartnall H (2017) The freshwater fauna of the South Polar Region: A 140-year review. Pap Proc R Soc Tasman 151:19\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26749\/rstpp.151.19","journal-title":"Pap Proc R Soc Tasman"},{"key":"2820_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70049","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.70049","volume":"31","author":"CS Maturana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maturana CS, Bernal-Dur\u00e1n V, Ga\u00f1\u00e1n M et al (2025) Bridging the Scotia Arc: Climate-Driven Shifts in Connectivity of the Freshwater Crustacean Branchinecta gaini in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Ecosystems. Divers Distrib 31:e70049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.70049","journal-title":"Divers Distrib"},{"key":"2820_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2004.01264.x","volume":"49","author":"LS Peck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peck LS (2004) Physiological flexibility: the key to success and survival for Antarctic fairy shrimps in highly fluctuating extreme environments. Freshw Biol 49:1195\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2004.01264.x","journal-title":"Freshw Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pokorn\u00fd M, Cohen RG, Nedbalov\u00e1 L et al (2024) South! Phylogeography of the Antarctic fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini and its closest Patagonian congener Branchinecta granulosa reveals a long-term association of freshwater fauna with the southern continent. Org Divers Evol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-024-00654-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-024-00654-x"},{"key":"2820_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388730","volume":"16","author":"JC Paggi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paggi JC (1996) Feeding ecology of Branchinecta gaini (Crustacea: Anostraca) in ponds of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Polar Biol 16:13\u201318","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3390\/d11100201","volume":"11","author":"C Rochera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rochera C, Camacho A (2019) Limnology and Aquatic Microbial Ecology of Byers Peninsula: A Main Freshwater Biodiversity Hotspot in Maritime Antarctica. Diversity 11:201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d11100201","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"2820_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051985","volume":"5","author":"JC Ellis-Evans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ellis-Evans JC (1996) Microbial diversity and function in Antarctic freshwater ecosystems. Biodivers Conserv 5:1395\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00051985","journal-title":"Biodivers Conserv"},{"key":"2820_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk2118","volume":"387","author":"LR Pertierra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pertierra LR, Convey P, Barbosa A et al (2025) Advances and shortfalls in knowledge of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity. Science 387:609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adk2118","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2820_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hawes TC, Worland MR, Bale JS (2008) Physiological constraints on the life cycle and distribution of the Antarctic fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini. Polar Biol 31:1531\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-008-0493-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-008-0493-1"},{"key":"2820_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70144","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.70144","volume":"70","author":"S Cukier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cukier S, Grzesiak J, Bialik RJ (2025) Ecological and Genetic Insights Into Antarctic Fairy Shrimp, Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) Populations on King George Island, Antarctica. Freshw Biol 70:e70144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fwb.70144","journal-title":"Freshw Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR11","first-page":"143","volume":"1","author":"W Jurasz","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jurasz W, Kittel W, Presler P (1983) Life cycle of Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910, (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from King George Island, South Shetland Islands*). Pol Polar Res 1:143\u2013154","journal-title":"Pol Polar Res"},{"key":"2820_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-007-9119-9","volume":"595","author":"L Brendonck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brendonck L, Rogers DC, Olesen J et al (2008) Global diversity of large branchiopods (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:167\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10750-007-9119-9","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"2820_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1093\/jcbiol\/rux058","volume":"37","author":"L Chaoruangrit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaoruangrit L, Plodsomboon S, Rogers DC, Sanoamuang L (2017) Morphology of mandibles and food size in two fairy shrimps (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. J Crustac Biol 37:579\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcbiol\/rux058","journal-title":"J Crustac Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-008-0494-0","volume":"31","author":"TC Hawes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hawes TC (2008) Feeding behaviour in the Antarctic fairy shrimp, Branchinecta gaini. Polar Biol 31:1287\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-008-0494-0","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12821.x","volume":"158","author":"F Ampe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ampe F, Thi\u00e9ry A (1998) Microflora associated with the digestive tract of the fairy shrimp Branchinella spinosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). FEMS Microbiol Lett 158:201\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12821.x","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"2820_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/jcbiol\/ruz087","volume":"40","author":"GG Martin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin GG, Natha Z, Henderson N et al (2020) Absence of a microbiome in the midgut trunk of six representative Crustacea. J Crustac Biol 40:122\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcbiol\/ruz087","journal-title":"J Crustac Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00126","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00126-21","volume":"86","author":"R Ganesan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganesan R, Wierz JC, Kaltenpoth M, Fl\u00f3rez LV (2022) How It All Begins: Bacterial Factors Mediating the Colonization of Invertebrate Hosts by Beneficial Symbionts. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 86:e00126\u2013e00121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00126-21","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"2820_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2022.100437","volume":"28","author":"E Bergami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bergami E, Krupinski Emerenciano A, Palmeira Pinto L et al (2022) Behavioural, physiological and molecular responses of the Antarctic fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini (Daday, 1910) to polystyrene nanoplastics. NanoImpact 28:100437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.impact.2022.100437","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"2820_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-006-0230-6","volume":"30","author":"A Pociecha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pociecha A (2007) Effect of temperature on the respiration of an Antarctic freshwater anostracan, Branchinecta gaini Daday 1910, in field experiments. Polar Biol 30:731\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-006-0230-6","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1967.0022","volume":"252","author":"R Ralph","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ralph R (1967) The osmotic and ionic regulation of Branchinecta gaini Daday. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 252:339\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1967.0022","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2820_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwob G, Cabrol L, Vidal P et al (2024) Which microbiome are we talking about? Contrasted diversity patterns and eco-evolutionary processes between gill and intestinal microbiomes of Antarctic fairy shrimps. Front Ecol Evol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fevo.2024.1438057","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2024.1438057"},{"key":"2820_CR22","unstructured":"Fabiszewski J, Wojtu\u0144 B (1997) The occurrence and development of peat mounds on King George Island (Maritime Antarctic)"},{"key":"2820_CR23","unstructured":"Pude\u0142ko R (2003) Topographic map of the SSSI 8, King George Island, West Antarctica. Pol Polar Res 24:53\u201360"},{"key":"2820_CR24","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022) R: A language and environment for statistical computing"},{"key":"2820_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-022-03027-2","volume":"45","author":"A Zn\u00f3j","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zn\u00f3j A, Grzesiak J, Gawor J et al (2022) Highly specialized bacterial communities within three distinct rhizocompartments of Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv). Polar Biol 45:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-022-03027-2","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR26","volume-title":"Thorp and Covich\u2019s freshwater invertebrates","author":"C Damborenea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Damborenea C, Rogers DC, Thorp JH (2020) Thorp and Covich\u2019s freshwater invertebrates, 4th edn. Academic press, an imprint of Elsevier, Amsterdam","edition":"4"},{"key":"2820_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1017\/jog.2025.12","volume":"71","author":"F Dory","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dory F, Nava V, Nedbalov\u00e0 L et al (2025) Morphological diversity of microalgae and Cyanobacteria of cryoconite holes in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. J Glaciol 71:e37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jog.2025.12","journal-title":"J Glaciol"},{"key":"2820_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1017\/S095410200300124X","volume":"15","author":"K Sabbe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sabbe K, Verleyen E, Hodgson DA et al (2003) Benthic diatom flora of freshwater and saline lakes in the Larsemann Hills and Rauer Islands, East Antarctica. Antarct Sci 15:227\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095410200300124X","journal-title":"Antarct Sci"},{"key":"2820_CR29","first-page":"173","volume":"17","author":"K Janiec","year":"1996","unstructured":"Janiec K (1996) The comparison of freshwater invertebrates of Spitsbergen (Arctic) and King George Island (Antarctic). Pol POLAR Res 17:173\u2013202","journal-title":"Pol POLAR Res"},{"key":"2820_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","volume":"41","author":"A Klindworth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klindworth A, Pruesse E, Schweer T et al (2013) Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies. Nucleic Acids Res 41:e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks808","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2820_CR31","unstructured":"(2026) OpenGene\/fastp"},{"key":"2820_CR32","unstructured":"Andrews S (2010) Babraham bioinformatics - FastQC a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/. Accessed 26 Sept 2025"},{"key":"2820_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR et al (2019) Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol 37:852\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2820_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Callahan B (2024) Silva taxonomic training data formatted for DADA2 (Silva version 138.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.14169026","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.14169026"},{"key":"2820_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3549","volume":"13","author":"R Cavicchioli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cavicchioli R (2015) Microbial ecology of Antarctic aquatic systems. Nat Rev Microbiol 13:691\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro3549","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2820_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiad087","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiad087","volume":"99","author":"J Koll\u00e1r","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koll\u00e1r J, Kopalov\u00e1 K, Kavan J et al (2023) Recently formed Antarctic lakes host less diverse benthic bacterial and diatom communities than their older counterparts. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 99:fiad087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsec\/fiad087","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2820_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.168","author":"R Logares","year":"2012","unstructured":"Logares R, Lindstr\u00f6m E, Langenheder S et al (2012) Biogeography of bacterial communities exposed to progressive long-term environmental change. ISME J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2012.168. 7:","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2820_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02446-8","volume":"9","author":"XL Otero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Otero XL, De Pe\u00f1a-Lastra L, P\u00e9rez-Alberti S A, et al (2018) Seabird colonies as important global drivers in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Nat Commun 9:246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-02446-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2820_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z\u0119bek E, Napi\u00f3rkowska-Krzebietke A, \u015awi\u0105tecki A, G\u00f3rniak D (2021) Biodiversity of periphytic cyanobacteria and algae assemblages in polar region: a case study of the vicinity of Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station (King George Island, Antarctica). Biodivers Conserv 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-021-02219-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-021-02219-2"},{"key":"2820_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/19768354.2015.1082931","volume":"19","author":"J-H Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung J-H, Park K-M, Yang EJ et al (2015) Patchy-distributed ciliate (Protozoa) diversity of eight polar communities as determined by 454 amplicon pyrosequencing. Anim Cells Syst 19:339\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19768354.2015.1082931","journal-title":"Anim Cells Syst"},{"key":"2820_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2012.11.006","volume":"164","author":"J Gong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gong J, Dong J, Liu X, Massana R (2013) Extremely High Copy Numbers and Polymorphisms of the rDNA Operon Estimated from Single Cell Analysis of Oligotrich and Peritrich Ciliates. Protist 164:369\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.protis.2012.11.006","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"2820_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anderson TR, Pond DW, Mayor DJ (2017) The role of microbes in the nutrition of detritivorous invertebrates: a stoichiometric analysis. Front Microbiol 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02113","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02113"},{"key":"2820_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2095.2007.00556.x","volume":"14","author":"C Fernandes da Silva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernandes da Silva C, Ballester E, Monserrat J et al (2008) Contribution of microorganisms to the biofilm nutritional quality: protein and lipid contents. Aquac Nutr 14:507\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2095.2007.00556.x","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2820_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.01.005","volume":"388\u2013391","author":"HT Toi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toi HT, Boeckx P, Sorgeloos P et al (2013) Bacteria contribute to Artemia nutrition in algae-limited conditions: A laboratory study. Aquaculture 388\u2013391:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.01.005","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2820_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/aff2.89","volume":"3","author":"EO Ogello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ogello EO, Outa NO, Mukaburu BO, Muthoka M (2023) Biofloc and green water condition improves reproductive traits and fatty acid composition of Artemia franciscana cultured under limited algal conditions. Aquac Fish Fish 3:61\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aff2.89","journal-title":"Aquac Fish Fish"},{"key":"2820_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115581","volume":"297","author":"W-K Ng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ng W-K, Mong M-L, Abdul-Hamid A-A (2023) Dietary montmorillonite clay improved Penaeus vannamei survival from acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and modulated stomach microbiota. Anim Feed Sci Technol 297:115581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115581","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"2820_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889612","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.889612","volume":"9","author":"A Damato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damato A, Vianello F, Novelli E et al (2022) Comprehensive Review on the Interactions of Clay Minerals With Animal Physiology and Production. Front Vet Sci 9:889612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.889612","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2820_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0291-9_13","volume-title":"Studies on Large Branchiopod Biology and Aquaculture II","author":"AM Maeda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maeda-Mart\u00ednez AM, Obreg\u00f3n-Barboza H, Dumont HJ (1995) Laboratory culture of fairy shrimps using baker\u2019s yeast as basic food in a flow-through system. In: Belk D, Dumont HJ, Maier G (eds) Studies on Large Branchiopod Biology and Aquaculture II. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 141\u2013157"},{"key":"2820_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111811","volume":"161","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Pleiter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pleiter M, Edo C, Vel\u00e1zquez D et al (2020) First detection of microplastics in the freshwater of an Antarctic Specially Protected Area. Mar Pollut Bull 161:111811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111811","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"2820_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121385","volume":"324","author":"K Gurumoorthi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gurumoorthi K, Luis AJ (2023) Recent trends on microplastics abundance and risk assessment in coastal Antarctica: Regional meta-analysis. Environ Pollut 324:121385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121385","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2820_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3390\/environments12030077","volume":"12","author":"D Pellegrino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pellegrino D, La Russa D, Barberio L (2025) Pollution Has No Borders: Microplastics in Antarctica. Environments 12:77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/environments12030077","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"2820_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-025-00246-z","volume":"12","author":"C Flores","year":"2025","unstructured":"Flores C, Millard S, Seekatz AM (2025) Bridging Ecology and Microbiomes: Applying Ecological Theories in Host-associated Microbial Ecosystems. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 12:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40588-025-00246-z","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"2820_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828692","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.828692","volume":"12","author":"A Unzueta-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Unzueta-Mart\u00ednez A, Welch H, Bowen JL (2022) Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome. Front Microbiol 12:828692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.828692","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2820_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadi3338","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi3338","volume":"385","author":"J Wilde","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilde J, Slack E, Foster KR (2024) Host control of the microbiome: Mechanisms, evolution, and disease. Science 385:eadi3338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adi3338","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2820_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006391","volume":"13","author":"FH Rodgers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodgers FH, Gendrin M, Wyer CAS, Christophides GK (2017) Microbiota-induced peritrophic matrix regulates midgut homeostasis and prevents systemic infection of malaria vector mosquitoes. PLOS Pathog 13:e1006391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006391","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2820_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willems A (2014) The family Comamonadaceae. The Prokaryotes: Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 777\u2013851. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/rwe\/10.1007\/978-3-642-30197-1_238","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30197-1_238"},{"key":"2820_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00020-14","volume":"78","author":"H Luo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luo H, Moran MA (2014) Evolutionary Ecology of the Marine Roseobacter Clade. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 78:573\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00020-14","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"2820_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8402","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8402-8410.2005","volume":"71","author":"P Sangwan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sangwan P, Kovac S, Davis KER et al (2005) Detection and Cultivation of Soil Verrucomicrobia. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:8402\u20138410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8402-8410.2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2820_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0158-9","volume":"17","author":"H-C Flemming","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flemming H-C, Wuertz S (2019) Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms. Nat Rev Microbiol 17:247\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-019-0158-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2820_CR60","unstructured":"Paulo A, Tokarski A (1982) Geology of turret point, three sisters point area, King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Stud Geol Pol 74:81\u2013103"},{"key":"2820_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2021.1886342","volume":"37","author":"KK da Rosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosa KK da, Oliveira MAG de, Petsch C et al (2022) Expansion of glacial lakes on Nelson and King George Islands, Maritime Antarctica, from 1986 to 2020. Geocarto Int 37:4454\u20134464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10106049.2021.1886342","journal-title":"Geocarto Int"},{"key":"2820_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12007","volume":"37","author":"D Wilkins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilkins D, Yau S, Williams TJ et al (2013) Key microbial drivers in Antarctic aquatic environments. FEMS Microbiol Rev 37:303\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1574-6976.12007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2820_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15815","volume":"30","author":"EM Eckert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eckert EM, Anicic N, Fontaneto D (2021) Freshwater zooplankton microbiome composition is highly flexible and strongly influenced by the environment. Mol Ecol 30:1545\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.15815","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"2820_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Q, Hao Z, Ding R et al (2021) Host dependence of zooplankton-associated microbes and their ecological implications in freshwater Lakes. Water 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w13212949","DOI":"10.3390\/w13212949"},{"key":"2820_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02522","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02522-21","volume":"88","author":"A Di Cesare","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Cesare A, Riva F, Colinas N et al (2022) Zooplankton as a Transitional Host for Escherichia coli in Freshwater. Appl Environ Microbiol 88:e02522\u2013e02521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02522-21","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2820_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polar.2010.05.008","volume":"4","author":"A N\u0119dzarek","year":"2010","unstructured":"N\u0119dzarek A, Pociecha A (2010) Limnological characterization of freshwater systems of the Thomas Point Oasis (Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica). Polar Sci 4:457\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polar.2010.05.008","journal-title":"Polar Sci"},{"key":"2820_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"George SF, Fierer N, Levy JS, Adams B (2021) Antarctic water tracks: microbial community responses to variation in soil moisture, pH, and salinity. Front Microbiol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.616730","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.616730"},{"key":"2820_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lew S, Gli\u0144ska-Lewczuk K, Burandt P et al (2022) Salinity as a determinant structuring microbial communities in Coastal Lakes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19084592","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084592"},{"key":"2820_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175271","volume":"949","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Pan B, Wang L et al (2024) Water temperature and salt ions respectively drive the community assembly of bacterial generalists and specialists in diverse plateau lakes. Sci Total Environ 949:175271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175271","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2820_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang Q, Yan Y, Huang J et al (2023) The impact of warming on assembly processes and diversity patterns of bacterial communities in mesocosms. Microorganisms 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11112807","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112807"},{"key":"2820_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13717-023-00438-9","volume":"12","author":"N Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu N, Wang B, Yang M et al (2023) The different responses of planktonic bacteria and archaea to water temperature maintain the stability of their community diversity in dammed rivers. Ecol Process 12:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13717-023-00438-9","journal-title":"Ecol Process"},{"key":"2820_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29166-3","volume":"8","author":"M Hamdan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamdan M, Bystr\u00f6m P, Hotchkiss ER et al (2018) Carbon dioxide stimulates lake primary production. Sci Rep 8:10878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-29166-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2820_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jin Q, Kirk MF (2018) pH as a primary control in environmental microbiology: 2. kinetic perspective. Front Environ Sci 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenvs.2018.00101","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2018.00101"},{"key":"2820_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pu H, Yuan Y, Qin L, Liu X (2023) pH drives differences in bacterial community \u03b2-diversity in hydrologically connected lake sediments. Microorganisms 11:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11030676","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030676"},{"key":"2820_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2024.106903","volume":"270","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li J, Zhao P et al (2024) Integrated microbiome and metabolome analyses reveal the effects of low pH on intestinal health and homeostasis of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Aquat Toxicol 270:106903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2024.106903","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2820_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5871","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5871","volume":"6","author":"RS Cornman Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cornman RS Jr, Fike JEM J, et al (2018) An experimental comparison of composite and grab sampling of stream water for metagenetic analysis of environmental DNA. PeerJ 6:e5871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.5871","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2820_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002743","volume":"8","author":"SW Kembel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kembel SW, Wu M, Eisen JA, Green JL (2012) Incorporating 16S Gene Copy Number Information Improves Estimates of Microbial Diversity and Abundance. PLOS Comput Biol 8:e1002743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002743","journal-title":"PLOS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.625-630.1996","volume":"62","author":"MT Suzuki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suzuki MT, Giovannoni SJ (1996) Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:625\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.62.2.625-630.1996","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2820_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57923","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057923","volume":"8","author":"T V\u011btrovsk\u00fd","year":"2013","unstructured":"V\u011btrovsk\u00fd T, Baldrian P (2013) The Variability of the 16S rRNA Gene in Bacterial Genomes and Its Consequences for Bacterial Community Analyses. PLoS ONE 8:e57923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0057923","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2820_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gloor GB, Macklaim JM, Pawlowsky-Glahn V, Egozcue JJ (2017) Microbiome datasets are compositional: and this is not optional. Front Microbiol 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02224","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02224"},{"key":"2820_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003531","volume":"10","author":"PJ McMurdie","year":"2014","unstructured":"McMurdie PJ, Holmes S (2014) Waste Not, Want Not: Why Rarefying Microbiome Data Is Inadmissible. PLOS Comput Biol 10:e1003531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003531","journal-title":"PLOS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2820_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Llewellyn MS, Boutin S, Hoseinifar SH, Derome N (2014) Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries. Front Microbiol 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00207","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00207"},{"key":"2820_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx090","volume":"57","author":"VJ McKenzie","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKenzie VJ, Song SJ, Delsuc F et al (2017) The Effects of Captivity on the Mammalian Gut Microbiome. Integr Comp Biol 57:690\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icb\/icx090","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"}],"container-title":["Microbial Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00248-026-02820-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00248-026-02820-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00248-026-02820-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:47:54Z","timestamp":1790293674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00248-026-02820-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-026-02820-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-184X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-184X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study involved only non-cephalopod invertebrates (\n                      Crustacea\n                      :\n                      Anostraca\n                      ), which are not subject to EU animal experimentation regulations; therefore, institutional ethical approval was not required. All sampling complied with relevant institutional and national guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"178"}}