{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:06:59Z","timestamp":1784725619224,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Biophys J"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-026-01859-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:34:58Z","timestamp":1784723698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protein arginine methyltransferases as regulators of phase separation: implications in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zhihang","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiubin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1859_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.035","volume":"176","author":"S Alberti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alberti S, Gladfelter A, Mittag T (2019) Considerations and Challenges in Studying Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Biomolecular Condensates. Cell 176:419\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.035","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209814109","volume":"109","author":"S Antonysamy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonysamy S et al (2012) Crystal structure of the human PRMT5:MEP50 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:17960\u201317965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1209814109","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1859_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23079","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.328757","volume":"287","author":"E Bentmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bentmann E et al (2012) Requirements for stress granule recruitment of fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA-binding protein of 43\u00a0kDa (TDP-43). J Biol Chem 287:23079\u201323094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M111.328757","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1859_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66966-4","volume":"17","author":"H Bi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bi H et al (2025) DDX6 undergoes phase separation to modulate metabolic plasticity and chemoresistance. Nat Commun 17:260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-66966-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1859_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braun CJ et al (2017) Coordinated Splicing of Regulatory Detained Introns within Oncogenic Transcripts Creates an Exploitable Vulnerability in Malignant Glioma. Cancer Cell 32:411\u2013426 e411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.018"},{"key":"1859_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115791","volume":"310","author":"M Brengues","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brengues M, Teixeira D, Parker R (2005) Movement of eukaryotic mRNAs between polysomes and cytoplasmic processing bodies. Science 310:486\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1115791","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1859_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6060","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03465-x","volume":"60","author":"K Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang K et al (2023) Critical Roles of Protein Arginine Methylation in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 60:6060\u20136091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03465-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1859_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05273-7","volume":"9","author":"M Chitiprolu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chitiprolu M et al (2018) A complex of C9ORF72 and p62 uses arginine methylation to eliminate stress granules by autophagy. Nat Commun 9:2794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-05273-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.17","volume":"31","author":"EC Cho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cho EC et al (2012) Arginine methylation controls growth regulation by E2F-1. EMBO J 31:1785\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emboj.2012.17","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"1859_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1748","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1748","volume":"14","author":"MN Chowdhury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdhury MN, Jin H (2023) The RGG motif proteins: Interactions, functions, and regulations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 14:e1748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wrna.1748","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA"},{"key":"1859_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30858","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30858","volume":"239","author":"GA Clemons","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clemons GA et al (2024) Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 modulates nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Cell Physiol 239:e30858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.30858","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1859_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134090","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1134090","volume":"17","author":"TL Dane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dane TL, Gill AL, Vieira FG, Denton KR (2023) Reduced C9orf72 expression exacerbates polyGR toxicity in patient iPSC-derived motor neurons and a Type I protein arginine methyltransferase inhibitor reduces that toxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 17:1134090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1134090","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1859_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04293-w","volume":"5","author":"M Dang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang M, Li T, Zhou S, Song J (2022) Arg\/Lys-containing IDRs are cryptic binding domains for ATP and nucleic acids that interplay to modulate LLPS. Commun Biol 5:1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-04293-w","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1021\/bi4001408","volume":"52","author":"J DeRouchey","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeRouchey J, Hoover B, Rau DC (2013) A comparison of DNA compaction by arginine and lysine peptides: a physical basis for arginine rich protamines. Biochemistry 52:3000\u20133009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi4001408","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"1859_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504822112","volume":"112","author":"S Elbaum-Garfinkle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elbaum-Garfinkle S et al (2015) The disordered P granule protein LAF-1 drives phase separation into droplets with tunable viscosity and dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:7189\u20137194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1504822112","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1859_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.94789","volume":"14","author":"L Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng L et al (2024) PRMT6-mediated ADMA promotes p62 phase separation to form a negative feedback loop in ferroptosis. Theranostics 14:4090\u20134106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.94789","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1859_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.047","volume":"165","author":"M Feric","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feric M et al (2016) Coexisting Liquid Phases Underlie Nucleolar Subcompartments. Cell 165:1686\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.047","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1859_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flavahan WA, Gaskell E, Bernstein BE (2017) Epigenetic plasticity and the hallmarks of cancer. Science 357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aal2380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal2380"},{"key":"1859_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14790","volume":"176","author":"X Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao X et al (2019) Stress granule: A promising target for cancer treatment. Br J Pharmacol 176:4421\u20134433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.14790","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1859_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751880","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.751880","volume":"12","author":"Z Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao Z et al (2021) Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells. Front Microbiol 12:751880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.751880","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1859_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geffen Y et al (2023) Pan-cancer analysis of post-translational modifications reveals shared patterns of protein regulation. Cell 186:3945\u20133967 e3926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.013"},{"key":"1859_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0155-x","volume":"20","author":"E Guccione","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guccione E, Richard S (2019) The regulation, functions and clinical relevance of arginine methylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 20:642\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-019-0155-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54423-7","volume":"15","author":"NJ Guzikowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guzikowski NJ, Kavalali ET (2024) Functional specificity of liquid-liquid phase separation at the synapse. Nat Commun 15:10103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-54423-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.002","volume":"24","author":"PJ Hamard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamard PJ et al (2018) PRMT5 Regulates DNA Repair by Controlling the Alternative Splicing of Histone-Modifying Enzymes. Cell Rep 24:2643\u20132657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.002","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1859_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00558-8","volume":"24","author":"T Hirose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirose T, Ninomiya K, Nakagawa S, Yamazaki T (2023) A guide to membraneless organelles and their various roles in gene regulation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 24:288\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-022-00558-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110937","volume":"27","author":"RE Hodgson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hodgson RE et al (2024) C9orf72 poly-PR forms anisotropic condensates causative of nuclear TDP-43 pathology. iScience 27:110937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110937","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1859_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7137","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM118.001189","volume":"294","author":"M Hofweber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hofweber M, Dormann D (2019) Friend or foe-Post-translational modifications as regulators of phase separation and RNP granule dynamics. J Biol Chem 294:7137\u20137150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.TM118.001189","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1859_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hofweber M et al (2018) Phase Separation of FUS Is Suppressed by Its Nuclear Import Receptor and Arginine Methylation. Cell 173:706\u2013719 e713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.004"},{"key":"1859_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky103","volume":"46","author":"L Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang L, Wang Z, Narayanan N, Yang Y (2018) Arginine methylation of the C-terminus RGG motif promotes TOP3B topoisomerase activity and stress granule localization. Nucleic Acids Res 46:3061\u20133074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky103","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1859_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40474","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40474","volume":"7","author":"MH Jun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jun MH et al (2017) Sequestration of PRMT1 and Nd1-L mRNA into ALS-linked FUS mutant R521C-positive aggregates contributes to neurite degeneration upon oxidative stress. Sci Rep 7:40474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep40474","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1859_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000327","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000327","volume":"17","author":"J Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang J, Lim L, Lu Y, Song J (2019) A unified mechanism for LLPS of ALS\/FTLD-causing FUS as well as its modulation by ATP and oligonucleic acids. PLoS Biol 17:e3000327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000327","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10879","volume":"483","author":"P Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li P et al (2012) Phase transitions in the assembly of multivalent signalling proteins. Nature 483:336\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10879","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1859_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li WJ et al (2021) Profiling PRMT methylome reveals roles of hnRNPA1 arginine methylation in RNA splicing and cell growth. Nat Commun 12, 1946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21963-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21963-1"},{"key":"1859_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-020-00162-8","volume":"18","author":"Y Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim Y et al (2020) Proteome-wide identification of arginine methylation in colorectal cancer tissues from patients. Proteome Sci 18:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12953-020-00162-8","journal-title":"Proteome Sci"},{"key":"1859_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.08.018","volume":"60","author":"Y Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin Y, Protter DS, Rosen MK, Parker R (2015) Formation and Maturation of Phase-Separated Liquid Droplets by RNA-Binding Proteins. Mol Cell 60:208\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.08.018","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"1859_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13419","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.011746","volume":"295","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X et al (2020) Phase separation drives decision making in cell division. J Biol Chem 295:13419\u201313431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.REV120.011746","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1859_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.3c00154","volume":"34","author":"M Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma M et al (2023) Proteome-wide Profiling of Asymmetric Dimethylated Arginine in Human Breast Tumors. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 34:1692\u20131700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jasms.3c00154","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"1859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22432","volume":"109","author":"S Majumder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Majumder S et al (2010) Methylation of histone H3 and H4 by PRMT5 regulates ribosomal RNA gene transcription. J Cell Biochem 109:553\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.22432","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-015-0125-7","volume":"14","author":"DM Mitrea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitrea DM, Kriwacki RW (2016) Phase separation in biology; functional organization of a higher order. Cell Commun Signal 14:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-015-0125-7","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"1859_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00505-4","volume":"21","author":"DM Mitrea","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitrea DM, Mittasch M, Gomes BF, Klein IA, Murcko MA (2022) Modulating biomolecular condensates: a novel approach to drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 21:841\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-022-00505-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"1859_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-05-0499","volume":"19","author":"S Mollet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mollet S et al (2008) Translationally repressed mRNA transiently cycles through stress granules during stress. Mol Biol Cell 19:4469\u20134479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.e08-05-0499","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"1859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.09.015","volume":"163","author":"A Molliex","year":"2015","unstructured":"Molliex A et al (2015) Phase separation by low complexity domains promotes stress granule assembly and drives pathological fibrillization. Cell 163:123\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.09.015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1859_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.016","volume":"530","author":"JH Nho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nho JH et al (2020) Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 stimulates dopaminergic neuronal cell death in a Parkinson\u2019s disease model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 530:389\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.016","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1859_CR36","first-page":"2350","volume":"40","author":"K Ogawa","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ogawa K, Imura K (1982) [Cyclic nucleotides and the cardiac function]. Nihon Rinsho 40:2350\u20132355","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"key":"1859_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4109","volume":"30","author":"M Paloni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paloni M, Bussi G, Barducci A (2021) Arginine multivalency stabilizes protein\/RNA condensates. Protein Sci 30:1418\u20131426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.4109","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"1859_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00525","volume":"11","author":"RL Palte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palte RL et al (2020) Allosteric Modulation of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). ACS Med Chem Lett 11:1688\u20131693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00525","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"1859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.047","volume":"162","author":"A Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel A et al (2015) A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation. Cell 162:1066\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.047","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1859_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pederson T (2011) The nucleolus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a000638","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000638"},{"key":"1859_CR8","first-page":"3766","volume":"11","author":"PH Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng PH, Hsu KW, Wu KJ (2021) Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cellular physiology and tumor biology. Am J Cancer Res 11:3766\u20133776","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"1859_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab351","volume":"31","author":"T Ratovitski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ratovitski T et al (2022) Interaction of huntingtin with PRMTs and its subsequent arginine methylation affects HTT solubility, phase transition behavior and neuronal toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 31:1651\u20131672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddab351","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"1859_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0264-6","volume":"22","author":"C Roden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roden C, Gladfelter AS (2021) RNA contributions to the form and function of biomolecular condensates. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 22:183\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-020-0264-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ru Y et al (2025) PRMT1 oligomerization regulates RNA-binding protein cascade to promote pancreatic cancer. Life Sci Alliance 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26508\/lsa.202503202","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202503202"},{"key":"1859_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ryan VH et al (2018) Mechanistic View of hnRNPA2 Low-Complexity Domain Structure, Interactions, and Phase Separation Altered by Mutation and Arginine Methylation. Mol Cell 69:465\u2013479 e467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.12.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.12.022"},{"key":"1859_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38863-1","volume":"14","author":"C Sayago","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sayago C et al (2023) Decoding protein methylation function with thermal stability analysis. Nat Commun 14:3016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-38863-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1859_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061576","volume":"8","author":"C Scaramuzzino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scaramuzzino C et al (2013) Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 and 8 interact with FUS to modify its sub-cellular distribution and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. PLoS ONE 8:e61576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061576","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1859_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048652","volume":"76","author":"PJ Shaw","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shaw PJ (2005) Molecular and cellular pathways of neurodegeneration in motor neurone disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1046\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048652","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1859_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ARTN","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13092878","volume":"13","author":"ZH Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen ZH, Li CL (2025) Targeting PRMT5: Current Inhibitors and Emerging Strategies for Therapeutic Intervention. Processes 13:ARTN 287810.3390\/pr13092878","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"1859_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5c00160","author":"Z Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen Z et al (2025) Discovery and Mechanism of 16\u201319F, a Novel Synthetic Lethal Inhibitor of the PRMT5\u2022MTA Complex in MTAP-Deleted Cancer Cells. ACS Chem Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschembio.5c00160","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c08661","volume":"10","author":"Z Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen Z et al (2025) Discovery of PRMT5 N-Terminal TIM Barrel Ligands from Machine-Learning-Based Virtual Screening. ACS Omega 10:1156\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.4c08661","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1859_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.5c00126","volume":"16","author":"Z Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen Z, Seabra G, Li C (2025) Virtual High-Throughput Screening of Ligands for Disrupting PRMT5\/pICLn Interaction in Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 16:875\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.5c00126","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"1859_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7683","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3389-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"Z Simandi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simandi Z et al (2018) Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT8 Provides Cellular Stress Tolerance in Aging Motoneurons. J Neurosci 38:7683\u20137700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3389-17.2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1859_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07804-7","volume":"8","author":"Y Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang Y et al (2025) Targeting FOXP1 phase separation in small cell lung cancer mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance. Commun Biol 8:431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-07804-7","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20678","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c03463","volume":"146","author":"CR Travis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Travis CR et al (2024) Contribution of Electrostatic CH(3)-pi Interactions to Recognition of Histone Asymmetric Dimethylarginine by the SPIN1 Triple Tudor Domain. J Am Chem Soc 146:20678\u201320684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.4c03463","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"1859_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22671","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.739573","volume":"291","author":"WC Tsai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsai WC et al (2016) Arginine Demethylation of G3BP1 Promotes Stress Granule Assembly. J Biol Chem 291:22671\u201322685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M116.739573","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R223","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-18-0224","volume":"62","author":"SM Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang SM, Dowhan DH, Muscat GE (2019) O. Epigenetic arginine methylation in breast cancer: emerging therapeutic strategies. J Mol Endocrinol 62:R223\u2013R237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JME-18-0224","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1859_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2205255119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205255119","volume":"119","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Q et al (2022) Global profiling of arginine dimethylation in regulating protein phase separation by a steric effect-based chemical-enrichment method. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119:e2205255119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2205255119","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1859_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545934","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.545934","volume":"8","author":"M Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei M et al (2020) Proteome-Wide Alterations of Asymmetric Arginine Dimethylation Associated With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:545934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.545934","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1859_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woodruff JB et al (2017) The Centrosome Is a Selective Condensate that Nucleates Microtubules by Concentrating Tubulin. Cell 169:1066\u20131077 e1010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.028"},{"key":"1859_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00159-8","volume":"20","author":"Q Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Q, Schapira M, Arrowsmith CH, Barsyte-Lovejoy D (2021) Protein arginine methylation: from enigmatic functions to therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Drug Discov 20:509\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-021-00159-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"1859_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie B, Yu J, Chen C, Shen T (2025) Protein Arginine Methyltransferases from Regulatory Function to Clinical Implication in Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-025-01546-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-025-01546-0"},{"key":"1859_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49267","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049267","volume":"7","author":"A Yamaguchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamaguchi A, Kitajo K (2012) The effect of PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation on the subcellular localization, stress granules, and detergent-insoluble aggregates of FUS\/TLS. PLoS ONE 7:e49267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049267","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1859_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang K et al (2018) Stress Granule Assembly Disrupts Nucleocytoplasmic Transport. Cell 173:958\u2013971 e917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.025"},{"key":"1859_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60297-0","volume":"16","author":"W Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao W et al (2025) De novo design of protein condensation inhibitors by targeting an allosteric site of cGAS. Nat Commun 16:5140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-60297-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1859_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153303382311611","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338231161139","volume":"22","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y et al (2023) PRMT5\/FGFR3\/AKT Signaling Axis Facilitates Lung Cancer Cell Metastasis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 22:15330338231161139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15330338231161139","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"}],"container-title":["European Biophysics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00249-026-01859-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00249-026-01859-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00249-026-01859-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:35:00Z","timestamp":1784723700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00249-026-01859-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["1859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00249-026-01859-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0175-7571","1432-1017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0175-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}}]}}