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In humans, there are four glycophorin proteins, glycophorins A, B, C and D. Glycophorins A and B are encoded by two similar genes <jats:italic>GYPA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GYPB<\/jats:italic>, and glycophorin C and glycophorin D are encoded by a single gene, <jats:italic>GYPC<\/jats:italic>. The exact function of glycophorins remains unclear. However, given their abundance on the surface of RBCs, it is likely that they serve as a substrate for glycosylation, giving the RBC a negatively charged, complex glycan \u201ccoat\u201d. <jats:italic>GYPB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GYPE<\/jats:italic> (a closely related pseudogene) were generated from <jats:italic>GYPA<\/jats:italic> by two duplication events involving a 120-kb genomic segment between 10 and 15 million years ago. Non-allelic homologous recombination between these 120-kb repeats generates a variety of duplication alleles and deletion alleles, which have been systematically catalogued from genomic sequence data. One allele, called DUP4, encodes the Dantu NE blood type and is strongly protective against malaria as it alters the surface tension of the RBC membrane. Glycophorins interact with other infectious pathogens, including viruses, as well as the malarial parasite <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, but the role of glycophorin variation in mediating the effects of these pathogens remains underexplored.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-022-01280-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1665612167000},"page":"201-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic variation of glycophorins and infectious disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward J.","family":"Hollox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Louzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1280_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.10.008","volume":"103","author":"W Algady","year":"2018","unstructured":"Algady W, Louzada S, Carpenter D et al (2018) The malaria-protective human glycophorin structural variant DUP4 shows somatic mosaicism and association with hemoglobin levels. 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