{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1793077937204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7399-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T02:32:54Z","timestamp":1457577174000},"page":"3825-3839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A breakthrough in enzyme technology to fight penicillin resistance\u2014industrial application of penicillin amidase"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Klaus","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7399_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/146837a0","volume":"146","author":"EP Abraham","year":"1940","unstructured":"Abraham EP, Chain E (1940) \"An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin\". Nature 146:837","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7399_CR2","unstructured":"AIChE (1970) \"The history of penicillin production.\" Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. No. 100. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, \u2013New York"},{"key":"7399_CR3","first-page":"957","volume":"154","author":"FR Batchelor","year":"1961","unstructured":"Batchelor FR, Chain EB, Richards M, Rolinson GN (1961) \"6-Aminopenicillanic acid. VI. Formation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from penicillin by enzymic hydrolysis\". Royal Soc Proceed B 154:957","journal-title":"Royal Soc Proceed B"},{"key":"7399_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/183257b0","volume":"183","author":"FR Batchelor","year":"1959","unstructured":"Batchelor FR, Doyle FP, Nayler JH, Rolinson GN (1959) \"Synthesis of penicillin: 6-aminopenicillanic acid in penicillin fermentations\". Nature 183:257\u2013258","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7399_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00638289","volume":"47","author":"K Bauer","year":"1960","unstructured":"Bauer K, Kaufmann W (1960) \"Enzymatische synthese von alpha-phenoxypropionyl-6-aminopenicillans\u00e4ure\". Naturwiss 47:469","journal-title":"Naturwiss"},{"key":"7399_CR6","unstructured":"Boemer B, Bartl H, Rauenbusch E, Hueper F, Schmidt-Kastner G (1973a) Vernetzte Copolymerisate Bayer AG. Germany DE 2215509."},{"key":"7399_CR7","unstructured":"Boemer B, Bartl H, Rauenbusch E, Hueper F, Schmidt-Kastner G (1973b) Vernetzte Copolymerisate Bayer AG. Germany DE 2215512"},{"key":"7399_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260260715","volume":"26","author":"A Borchert","year":"1984","unstructured":"Borchert A, Buchholz K (1984) \"Improved biocatalyst effectiveness by controlled immobilization of enzymes\". Biotechnol Bioeng 26:727\u2013736","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"7399_CR9","first-page":"152","volume":"4","author":"PS Borkar","year":"1961","unstructured":"Borkar PS (1961) Penicillin acylases. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 4:152","journal-title":"Hindustan Antibiot Bull"},{"key":"7399_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.200520089","volume":"5","author":"U Bornscheuer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bornscheuer U, Buchholz K (2005) \"Highlights in biocatalysis\u2014historical landmarks and current trends\". Eng Life Sci 5:309\u2013323","journal-title":"Eng Life Sci"},{"key":"7399_CR11","unstructured":"Brandl E, Kleiber W, Knauseder F (1971) Aminopenicillanic acid. Biochemie Kundl. Germany. DE 2058371\u00a0A 19710603."},{"key":"7399_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0850-1","volume-title":"Synthesis of \u00df-lactam antibiotics","author":"AE Bruggink","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bruggink AE (2001) Synthesis of \u00df-lactam antibiotics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht"},{"key":"7399_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01676.x","volume":"25","author":"W Br\u00fcmmer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Br\u00fcmmer W, Hennrich N, Klockow M, Lang H, Orth HD (1972) \"Preparation and properties of carrier-bound enzymes\". Eur J Biochem 25:129\u2013135","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"7399_CR14","unstructured":"Buchholz K, Borchert A (1978) Verfahren zur Herstellung wasserunl\u00f6slicher, an einen por\u00f6sen Tr\u00e4ger kovalent gebundener Proteine. Dechema. Germany. 28 05 366.8."},{"key":"7399_CR15","volume-title":"Concepts in biotechnology\u2014history, science and business","author":"K Buchholz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buchholz K, Collins J (2010) Concepts in biotechnology\u2014history, science and business. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Germany)"},{"key":"7399_CR16","unstructured":"Buchholz K, (ed) (1979a) Characterization of immobilized biocatalysts. VCH,Weinheim, (Germany)"},{"key":"7399_CR17","unstructured":"Buchholz K, (1979b)Characteristic properties and summary of determination methods. VCH, Weinheim(Germany), pp 1\u201348"},{"key":"7399_CR18","volume-title":"Biocatalysts and enzyme technology","author":"K Buchholz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buchholz K, Kasche V, Bornscheuer U (2012) Biocatalysts and enzyme technology. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Germany)"},{"key":"7399_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)35062-1","volume":"135","author":"K Buchholz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Buchholz K, Klein J (1987) \"Characterization of immobilized biocatalysts\". Methods Enzymol Mosbach K(ed) 135:3\u201321","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol Mosbach K(ed)"},{"key":"7399_CR20","volume-title":"The uses of life: a history of biotechnology","author":"R Bud","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bud R (1994) The uses of life: a history of biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"7399_CR21","volume-title":"Penicillin: triumph and tragedy","author":"R Bud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bud R (2007) Penicillin: triumph and tragedy. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"issue":"4","key":"7399_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260220403","volume":"22","author":"S Carleysmith","year":"1980","unstructured":"Carleysmith S, Dunnill P, Lilly MD (1980) \"Kinetic behavior of immobilized penicillin acylase\". Biotechnol Bioeng 22(4):735\u2013756","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"issue":"No. 1057","key":"7399_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1971.0099","volume":"179","author":"TR Carrington","year":"1971","unstructured":"Carrington TR (1971) \"The development of commercial processes for the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA).\". Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 179(No. 1057):321\u2013333","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond Ser B"},{"key":"7399_CR24","unstructured":"Carrington T R, Savidge T A, Thomas A, Walmsley M F (1966) Penicillin-splitting enzymes. Beecham, Great Britain, GB 1015554 19660105"},{"key":"7399_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-113-28559","volume":"113","author":"CA Claridge","year":"1963","unstructured":"Claridge CA, Luttinger JR, Lein J (1963) \"Specificity of penicillin amidases\". Exp Biol Med 113:1008\u20131012","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"7399_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.14.1.98-104.1966","volume":"14","author":"M Cole","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cole M (1966) \"Formation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, penicillins, and penicillin acylase by various fungi\". Appl Environ Microbiol 14:98\u2013104","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"7399_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1150747","volume":"115","author":"M Cole","year":"1969","unstructured":"Cole M (1969) \"Penicillins and other acylamino compounds synthesized by the cell-bound penicillin acylase of Escherichia coli\". Biochem J 115:747\u2013756","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"7399_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4242","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.9.4242","volume":"75","author":"J Collins","year":"1978","unstructured":"Collins J, Hohn B (1978) \"Cosmids: a type of plasmid gene-cloning vector that is packageable in vitro in bacteriophage lambda heads\". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75:4242\u20134246","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7399_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"J Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies J, Davies D (2010) \"Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance\". Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74:417\u2013433","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"7399_CR30","volume-title":"Biotechnologie","author":"Dechema","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dechema (1974) Biotechnologie. Dechema, Frankfurt (Germany)"},{"key":"7399_CR31","volume-title":"History of industrial biotechnology","author":"AL Demain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Demain AL, Vandamme E, Buchholz K, Collins J (2015) History of industrial biotechnology. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Germany"},{"issue":"1","key":"7399_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.ps.27502","volume":"11","author":"K Fritz Wolf","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fritz Wolf K, Koller KP, Lange G, Liesum A, Sauber K, Schreuder H, Aretz W, Kabsch W (2002) \"Structure based prediction of modifications in glutarylamidase to allow single step enzymatic production of 7 aminocephalosporanic acid from cephalosporin C\". Protein Sci 11(1):92\u2013103","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"7399_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00801a011","volume":"10","author":"D Gabel","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gabel D, Katchalski E, Steinberg IZ (1971) Changes in conformation of insolubilized trypsin and chymotrypsin, followed by fluorescence. Biochemistry 10:4661\u20134669","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"7399_CR34","unstructured":"Gottstein W J, Cheney L C (1965) 6-(\u03b1-Amino-\u03b1-aryl-acetamido)thiopenicillanic acids. Bristol-Myers. Belgium. BE 652599 19650302"},{"issue":"19","key":"7399_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00629061","volume":"40","author":"N Grubhofer","year":"1953","unstructured":"Grubhofer N, Schleith L (1953) \"Modifizierte Ionenaustauscher als spezifische Adsorbentien\". Naturwissenschaften 40(19):508\u2013508","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"7399_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.30.4.761-771.1966","volume":"30","author":"J Hamilton-Miller","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hamilton-Miller J (1966) \"Penicillinacylase\". Bacteriol Rev 30:761\u2013771","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"7399_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.11.1.1-6.1963","volume":"11","author":"H Huang","year":"1963","unstructured":"Huang H, Seto T, Shull GM (1963) \"Distribution and substrate specificity of benzylpenicillin acylase\". Appl Microbiol 11(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"7399_CR38","unstructured":"Hueper F (1973a) Immobilized penicillinacylase Bayer AG Germany DE 2157972."},{"key":"7399_CR39","unstructured":"Hueper F (1973b) 6-Aminopenicillans\u00e4ure. Bayer AG Germany DE 2157970"},{"key":"7399_CR40","unstructured":"Hueper F (1974a) Wasserl\u00f6sliche, kovalent an polymere Tr\u00e4ger gebundene Penicillinacylase, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von 6-Aminopenicillans\u00e4ure. Bayer AG, Germany. DE 2312824."},{"key":"7399_CR41","unstructured":"Hueper F (1974b) Verfahren zur Herstellung von 7-Amino-\u03943-cephem derivaten (7-Amino-\u03943-cephem derivatives). Bayer AG, Germany. DE 2409569."},{"key":"7399_CR42","unstructured":"Hueper F, Oberheiden (1977). Purification of products resulting from the enzymic splitting of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. Bayer AG, Germany. DE 2528622"},{"key":"7399_CR43","unstructured":"Hueper F, Rauenbusch E, Schmidt-Kastner G, Boemer B, Bartl H (1973b) Neue wasserunl\u00f6sliche Enzym-, insbesondere Penicillinacylase- oder Enzyminhibitor-Pr\u00e4parate. Bayer AG Germany DE 2215539"},{"key":"7399_CR44","unstructured":"Hueper F, Rauenbusch E, Schmidt-Kastner G, B\u00f6mer B, Bartl H (1972). Neue wasserunl\u00f6sliche Proteinpr\u00e4parate. BayerAG, Germany DE 22 15 687."},{"key":"7399_CR45","unstructured":"Johnson D A, Hardcastle G A (1967a) Preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Bristol-Myers Co., USA, US 3, 297, 546"},{"key":"7399_CR46","unstructured":"Johnson D A, Hardcastle G A (1969) Fermentation process. Bristol-Myers, Great Britain, GB 1174045 19691210"},{"key":"7399_CR47","unstructured":"Johnson D A, Hardcastle G A (1967b) Preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Bristol-Myers. USA. US 3297546 19670110"},{"key":"7399_CR48","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K (1959). Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-Aminopenicillans\u00e4ure. Bayer AG, Germany.DE1111778"},{"issue":"20","key":"7399_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00638300","volume":"47","author":"W Kaufmann","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K (1960a) Enzymatische Spaltung und Resynthese von Penicillin. Naturwissenschaften 47(20):474\u2013475","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"7399_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00638300","volume":"47","author":"W Kaufmann","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K (1960b) \"Enzymatische Synthese von alpha-Phenoxypropionyl-6- aminopenicillans\u00e4ure\". Naturwiss 47:469","journal-title":"Naturwiss"},{"key":"7399_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00638300","volume":"47","author":"W Kaufmann","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K (1960c) Enzymatische Spaltung und Resynthese von Penicillin. Naturwiss 47:474","journal-title":"Naturwiss"},{"key":"7399_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/203520a0","volume":"203","author":"W Kaufmann","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K (1964) Variety of substrates for a bacterial benzyl penicillin-splitting enzyme. Nature 203:520","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7399_CR53","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K, Hueper F (1970). Inactivation of penicillinase by shaking with water-insoluble solvents. Bayer GA, Germany. DE 1902420"},{"key":"7399_CR54","first-page":"1","volume":"1960","author":"W Kaufmann","year":"1961","unstructured":"Kaufmann W, Bauer K, Offe HA (1961) \"Cleavage and resynthesis of penicillins.\" Antimicrob Agents Ann 1960:1\u20135","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Ann"},{"key":"7399_CR55","unstructured":"Kutzbach C (1973). Purification of penicillinamidase from Escherichia coli. Bayer AG, Germany. DE 2217745"},{"key":"7399_CR56","unstructured":"Kutzbach K (1971). Verfahren zur Herstellung reiner kristalliner Penicillinacylase. BayerAG, Germany. DE 21 51 236."},{"key":"7399_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutzbach C, Rauenbusch E (1974) Preparation and general properties of crystalline penicillin. Hoppe-Sellers Z Physiol Chem 354:45\u201353","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1974.355.1.45"},{"key":"7399_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00900a021","volume":"3","author":"Y Levin","year":"1964","unstructured":"Levin Y, Pecht M, Goldstein L, Katchalski E (1964) A water-insoluble polyanionic derivative of trypsin. I Preparation and Properties. Biochemistry 3:1905\u20131913","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"7399_CR59","unstructured":"Lilly M D, Kay G, Wilson R J, Sharp A K (1972). Insolubilized enzymes and their preparation and use Brit Amended Great Britain GB 1183260 19720501."},{"key":"7399_CR60","unstructured":"Manecke G, Ehrenthal E, Schl\u00fcnsen J (1979)Chemical basis and composition of carriers. InBuchholz K (ed) Characterization of Immobilized Biocatalysts. VCH,Weinheim, (Germany)"},{"issue":"8","key":"7399_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00599222","volume":"42","author":"G Manecke","year":"1955","unstructured":"Manecke G, Gillert K-E (1955) \"Serologisch spezifische Adsorbentien\". Naturwissenschaften 42(8):212\u2013213","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"7399_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6985-1_83","volume":"4","author":"G Manecke","year":"1978","unstructured":"Manecke G, Pohl R, Schluensen J, Vogt HG (1978) Some reactive carriers and immobilized enzymes. Enzym Eng 4:409\u2013412","journal-title":"Enzym Eng"},{"key":"7399_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00627209","volume":"54","author":"G Manecke","year":"1967","unstructured":"Manecke G, G\u00fcnzel G (1967) Polymere Isothiocyanate zur Darstellung hochwirksamer Enzymharze. Naturwissenschaften 54:531\u2013533","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"7399_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.26.228","volume":"26","author":"W Marconi","year":"1973","unstructured":"Marconi W, Cecere F, Morisi F, Della PG, Rappuoli B (1973) \"Hydrolysis of penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid by entrapped penicillin acylase\". J Antibiot 26:228\u2013232","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"7399_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3749-2_7","volume":"5","author":"H Mayer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mayer H, Collins J, Wagner F (1980) Cloning of the penicillin G-acylase gene of Escherichia coli ATCC 11105 on multicopy plasmids. In: Weetall H H, Royer G P (eds). Enzym Eng Plenum Press N Y 5:61\u201369","journal-title":"Enzym Eng Plenum Press N Y"},{"key":"7399_CR66","first-page":"83","volume":"21","author":"GJH Melrose","year":"1971","unstructured":"Melrose GJH (1971) \"Insolubilized enzymes: biochemical applications of synthetic polymers\". Rev Pure Appl Chem 21:83\u2013119","journal-title":"Rev Pure Appl Chem"},{"key":"7399_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.1949.020030112","volume":"3","author":"F Micheel","year":"1949","unstructured":"Micheel F, Ewers J (1949) \"Synthese von Verbindungen der Cellulose mit Eiwei\u00dfstoffen\". Makromol Chem 3:200\u2013249","journal-title":"Makromol Chem"},{"key":"7399_CR68","volume-title":"Immobilized cells and enzymes","author":"KE Mosbach","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mosbach KE (1987) Immobilized cells and enzymes. Academic Press New York, Part B"},{"key":"7399_CR69","first-page":"400","volume":"29","author":"S Murao","year":"1955","unstructured":"Murao S (1955) \"Studies on penicillin-amidase. Part 3. Researches of penicillin-amidase mechanism on Na-penicillin G\". J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan 29:400\u2013404","journal-title":"J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan"},{"key":"7399_CR70","unstructured":"Murao S (1962) Purification of penicillinamidase. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi, JP 37003537 B4 19620605"},{"key":"7399_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/187236a0","volume":"187","author":"GN Rolinson","year":"1960","unstructured":"Rolinson GN, Batchelor FR, Butterworth D, Cameron-Wood J, Cole M, Eustache GC, Hart MV, Richards M, Chain EB (1960) Formation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from penicillin by enzymatic hydrolysis. Nature 187:236\u2013237","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"7399_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003","volume":"29","author":"GN Rolinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rolinson GN, Geddes AM (2007) \"The 50th anniversary of the discovery of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA)\". Int J Antimicrob Agents 29(1):3\u20138","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"7399_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12268-014-0449-7","volume":"20","author":"H R\u00fcbsamen-Schaeff","year":"2014","unstructured":"R\u00fcbsamen-Schaeff H (2014) \"Wenn Antibiotika nicht mehr helfen\". BIOspektrum 20:367","journal-title":"BIOspektrum"},{"key":"7399_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakaguchi K, Murao S (1950a) A Preliminary report on a new enzyme, \u201cPenicillin-amidase\u201d. J. Agric. Chem. Soc. (Japan), 23: 411","DOI":"10.1271\/nogeikagaku1924.23.411"},{"key":"7399_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1271\/nogeikagaku1924.23.411","volume":"23","author":"K Sakaguchi","year":"1950","unstructured":"Sakaguchi K, Murao S (1950b) \"A new enzyme, penicillin-amidase\". Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 23:411","journal-title":"Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi"},{"key":"7399_CR76","unstructured":"Schmidt-Kastner G, Bohne A (1954) Herstellung von Actinomycinen. Bayer AG, Germany. DE944395"},{"key":"7399_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260110306","volume":"11","author":"DA Self","year":"1969","unstructured":"Self DA, Kay G, Lilly MD (1969) \"The conversion of benzyl penicillin to 6-aminopenieillanie acid using an insoluble derivative of penicillin amidase\". Biotechnol Bioeng 11:337\u2013348","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"issue":"1","key":"7399_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.35.070166.004301","volume":"35","author":"I Silman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Silman I, Katchalski E (1966) \"Water-insoluble derivatives of enzymes, antigens, and antibodies\". Annu Rev Biochem 35(1):873\u2013908","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"7399_CR79","first-page":"395","volume":"12","author":"A Szentirmai","year":"1966","unstructured":"Szentirmai A (1966) Properties of penicillin acylase isolated from Escherichia coli. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 12:395","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung"},{"key":"7399_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb1961.33.1047","volume":"33","author":"T Tosa","year":"1969","unstructured":"Tosa T, Mori T, Fusa N, Chibata I (1969) Studies on continuous enzyme reactions. Agric Biol Chem 33:1047\u20131056","journal-title":"Agric Biol Chem"},{"key":"7399_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weetall HH, Royer GP (eds) (1976, 1978, 1980) Enzyme engineering. Plenum Press, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3749-2"}],"container-title":["Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-016-7399-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00253-016-7399-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-016-7399-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T23:12:37Z","timestamp":1600297957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00253-016-7399-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["7399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-016-7399-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0175-7598","1432-0614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0175-7598","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]]}}}