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Although most infections caused by <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> are asymptomatic, the microorganism is strongly associated with serious diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer, and it is classified as a group I carcinogen. The prevalence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infections varies worldwide. The <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> genotype, host gene polymorphisms, and environmental factors determine the type of induced disease. Currently, the most common therapy to treat <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> is the first line clarithromycin\u2013based triple therapy or a quadruple therapy replacing clarithromycin with new antibiotics. Despite the enormous recent effort to introduce new therapeutic regimens to combat this pathogen, treatment for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> still fails in more than 20% of patients, mainly due to the increased prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. In this review we present recent progress aimed at designing new anti-<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> strategies to combat this pathogen. Some novel therapeutic regimens will potentially be used as an extra constituent of antibiotic therapy, and others may replace current antibiotic treatments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Attempts to improve eradication rate of H. pylori infection.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Searching for new drug targets in anti-Helicobacter therapies.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10945-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T05:02:24Z","timestamp":1602651744000},"page":"9891-9905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Helicobacter pylori treatment in the post-antibiotics era\u2014searching for new\u00a0drug targets"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Roszczenko-Jasi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Ilona","family":"Wojty\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta K.","family":"Jagusztyn-Krynicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali A, Naz A, Soares SC, Bakhtiar M, Tiwari S, Hassan SS, Hanan F, Ramos R, Pereira U, Barh D, Figueiredo HCP, Ussery DW, Miyoshi A, Silva A, Azevedo V (2015) Pan-genome analysis of human gastric pathogen H. pylori: comparative genomics and pathogenomics approaches to identify regions associated with pathogenicity and prediction of potential core therapeutic targets. 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